What Are the Temporal Lobes?

The temporal lobe (niè yè) is located below the lateral fissure, and is divided into superior temporal gyrus, intermediate temporal gyrus, and inferior temporal gyrus by the superior temporal groove and inferior temporal groove. Hidden inside the lateral fissure is the transverse temporal gyrus. On the side and bottom of the temporal lobe, there is a fusiform gyrus between the infratemporal sulcus and lateral collateral fissure, and the hippocampal gyrus between the lateral collateral and hippocampal fissure. Responsible for processing auditory information. It is also related to memory and emotion.

The temporal lobe (niè yè) is located below the lateral fissure, and is divided into superior temporal gyrus, intermediate temporal gyrus, and inferior temporal gyrus by the superior temporal groove and inferior temporal groove. Hidden inside the lateral fissure is the transverse temporal gyrus. On the side and bottom of the temporal lobe, there is a fusiform gyrus between the infratemporal sulcus and lateral collateral fissure, and the hippocampal gyrus between the lateral collateral and hippocampal fissure. Responsible for processing auditory information. It is also related to memory and emotion.

Chinese name

Temporal lobe

Foreign name

temporal lobe

Pinyin

niè yè

lie in

Below the lateral fissure

Be responsible for

Processing auditory information

Temporal lobe structure

The temporal lobe is located below the lateral fissure, above the middle cranial fossa and the cerebellum, with the frontal lobe in front, the frontal parietal lobe above, and the occipital lobe posteriorly. The superior temporal sulcus divides the temporal lobe into the superior temporal gyrus, intermediate temporal gyrus, and inferior temporal gyrus. The caudal end of the superior temporal gyrus is obliquely involved in the lateral fissure. The fusiform gyrus is between them, and the hippocampal gyrus is between the lateral collateral cleft and the hippocampal cleft.

The blood supply of the temporal lobe is: the anterior temporal branch of the middle cerebral artery supplies the outer side of the temporal pole, the middle temporal branch supplies the center of the lateral side of the temporal lobe, and the posterior temporal branch supplies the posterior portion of the temporal lobe. The posterior cerebral arteries issue the anterior portion of the anterior temporal branch supplying the hook gyrus, hippocampus, and fusiform gyrus. The anterior choroid artery supplies the temporal pole, hippocampus, and hook gyrus.

Temporal lobe function

Areas 41 and 42 of the superior temporal gyrus and transverse transverse gyrus are auditory cortical regions. The posterior superior temporal gyrus is the auditory speech center in the dominant hemisphere. It is called the Wernicke region. It also includes the posterior mid temporal gyrus and the edge of the parietal lobe. Back and corner back. The hippocampal hook is the center of olfactory taste. The front part of the temporal lobe is the mental cortex. Human emotions and mental activities are not only related to the orbitofrontal cortex, but also to the temporal lobe, and the hippocampus is related to memory.

The neocortex of the temporal lobe and the neocortex of the frontal and parietal lobes are fibrous, the hippocampus is associated with the basal ganglia and the limbic system, and there are also connections between the temporal lobe on both sides. The auditory cortex region receives impulses from the medial geniculate body and the corpus callosum from the contralateral temporal lobe. The hook bundle bypasses the lateral fissure and connects the temporal and frontal poles. The cingulate bundle has fibers to the hippocampal gyrus. The anterior portion of the cingulate bundle is connected to the hook bundle. At the same time, it also receives impulses from the anterior nucleus, dorsal nucleus, and reticular nucleus of the brain stem. The outgoing fibers of the temporal lobe are the corticococci tract and the cortex midbrain.

Temporal lobe- related diseases

(1) Temporal lobe epilepsy: Temporal lobe epilepsy often occurs seizures, and more often manifests as psychomotor seizures, which can include conscious haze, speech disorder, psychomotor excitement, disorientation, mood disorders, hallucinations, illusions, and memory loss, etc. Disturbances are often the basic symptoms of seizures, and can include near-, far-, and present-memory disorders, with significant memory deficits in time and place. Deformation, enlargement, and reduction of vision may occur. May have auditory hallucinations. Automatism is a common manifestation, and its activity is not dominated by consciousness during the onset. It can have mental excitement such as destruction, injury, impulse, self-injury, nudity, anger, anger, etc., or repeated chewing, swallowing, groping, walking, etc. Purposeless action. Patients often have dream sensations, and temporal lobe epilepsy often has precursors. Among them, olfactory precursors are the most common, and hallucinations are also common.

(2) Memory disorders: Memory disorders can occur when the temporal lobe hippocampus is destroyed, usually when bilateral damage occurs, and memory disorders can be accompanied by disorientation.

(3) Hearing and balance disorders: Only mild bilateral hearing impairment occurs when one side is damaged, and cortical total deafness can result when bilateral damage occurs. The superior temporal gyrus is also the cortical center of the vestibule, so disorders of balance and dizziness can occur in temporal lobe lesions.

(4) Speech disorders: Sensory aphasia can occur in the posterior superior temporal gyrus. Patients can hear the speech but cannot understand the meaning, and their speech cannot be understood. Naming aphasia may occur when the dorsal superior gyrus posterior superior temporal gyrus and the superior parietal limbic gyrus are damaged.

(5) Visual field defect: Isotropic upper quadrant blindness can occur when the temporal lobe is damaged.

(6) Eye movement and pupil changes: The pupils dilate and the reflection of light disappears. For example, oculomotor nerve paralysis occurs when cerebellar notch hernias appear in large areas of temporal lobe lesions.