What Is a Pancreatic Polypeptide?
Young men: (146 ± 38) ng / L; females: (140 ± 35) ng / L.
- Pancreatic polypeptide (PP) is a 36-amino acid linear polypeptide hormone secreted by PP cells of the pancreas. PP cells are affected by the protein in post-meal food. Protein is the strongest factor that stimulates PP secretion, followed by fat and sugar. The release of PP is vagal-cholinergic dependent and is regulated by the vagus nerve and can be suppressed by vagal stem resection and anticholinergic drugs. Duodenal acidification and endogenous CCK release can be used as the main hormone to stimulate the release of PP, which significantly increases the PP value. Elevated PP by insulin is caused by vagus nerve excitement through hypoglycemia. Growth hormone can inhibit PP release and postprandial PP levels. PP has the following physiological effects: Inhibits the discharge of cholecystokinin and pancreatin, relaxes the smooth muscle of the gallbladder, reduces the pressure in the gallbladder, strengthens the sphincter of the common bile duct, and inhibits the discharge of bile to the duodenum. The entry of various foods into the small intestine has a stimulating effect on the release of PP. The physiological role of PP is to inhibit the secretion of pancreatic juice and bile after meals, and to promote exogenous pancreatic secretion such as secretin and cholecystokinin. PP is strong. Inhibitor. PP has a wide range of effects on the gastrointestinal tract, and inhibits gastric acid secretion caused by pentagastrin. PP inhibits plasma motilin secretion, increases the pressure of the lower esophageal sphincter, and inhibits gastric body electromyography.
- Name
- Pancreatic polypeptide
- category
- blood
Pancreatic peptide normal value
- Young men: (146 ± 38) ng / L; females: (140 ± 35) ng / L.
Clinical significance of pancreatic peptides
- (1) Duodenal ulcer: The level of PP in plasma is significantly higher than that in the normal control group. It is caused by its high vagal tone and gastric acid secretion. In combination with atropine inhibition, PP can be used as a basis for abdominal vagus tone. An independent quantitative indicator. If the vagus nerve is damaged or cut off during surgery, especially the vagus nerve in the head of the pancreas (PP cell concentration) is damaged, the level of PP and the reaction ability are reduced. (2) Gastric ulcer: Decreased basal PP and protein postprandial response may reflect decreased vagal tone. (3) Gastric cancer: The level of PP in the blood of some patients is significantly increased. After gastric resection, the level of PP decreases. (4) Chronic pancreatitis: The basal level of PP and postprandial stimulation levels are lower than normal, the pancreas' ability to respond to secretin and insulin stimulation is reduced, and the postprandial PP level is significantly lower than the normal control group. In the early stage of chronic pancreatitis, there was no significant decrease in PP cells. The above response was still normal, and moderate to severe chronic pancreatitis had abnormal PP response. Plasma PP levels can be used as a method to detect pancreatic exocrine function. (5) Pancreatic tumors: In particular, the endocrine tumors of the pancreatic head with more PP cells in 50% -70% of circulating blood significantly increase the PP value, while the PP of pancreatic cancer and other adenocarcinomas (stomach, breast, colon) The level is normal, so the determination of PP in blood has certain reference significance for the early detection of pancreatic endocrine cell tumors (ie APUD tumors) and malignant tumors. (6) Cirrhosis: Plasma PP levels increase in patients with liver cirrhosis, with an average peak value of (605 ± 105) ng / L, and the high level of plasma PP is maintained for a long time, which is related to the destruction or degradation of PP in the liver. Process obstacles. (7) Diabetes: The lack of insulin and the relative lack increase the basal value of PP, and the PP value of patients with controlled diabetes decreases.
Pancreatic peptide considerations
- Basal levels of pancreatic peptides are related to age, and increase with age, this phenomenon is considered to be related to increased vagal tone. Men are higher than women, and the basal and postprandial values of PP in obese people are lower than normal.
Pancreatic peptide- related diseases
- Neuroendocrine tumor