What is tubulin?

Tubulin is a spherical protein, usually occurring in eukaryotic cells that come in many forms, all of which play vital roles in the structure and function of the cell. Alfa and beta forms of these proteins are the basic building blocks of microtubules, which is one of the main components of the cell cytoskeleton. Gamma Tubulin, the third form of this protein family, cooperates with other proteins to start creating microtubules in a process called microtubular nucleation. Two other proteins from this family, varieties Delta and Epsilon, can play a role in cellular mitosis, although research of these proteins is not so extensive. Most tubulin forms are known to be heterodimeric proteins, which means they consist of two non -identical polypeptide sequences tied together.

before the alpha and beta forms of tubulin can go to work to create microtubules in a process known as polymerization. The structure called a complex of tubulin ring gamma (y-tourc). Once Y-Turc is created, Polymerac may occurEven using Y-TURC as a platform. The gamma form of protein usually occurs in cellular organs known as centrosome, which is a microtubular organizational center (MTOC).

The polymerization process is usually in MTOC and includes alpha and beta protein proteins of nucleotide known as guanosine triposphate (GTP). While they are tied to GTP, tubulin dimers are arranged into long polymer chains called protocillaments, which are arranged by alternating alpha and beta protein forms. These airmakers are then packed in hollow fibers that are microtubules. Microtubules are an important part of the cell cytoskeleton and play an essential role in maintaining the shape and structure of the cell. They are able to move the formation to help in the execution of cellular functions such as mitosis and transport transport, partly due to the flexible nature of alpha and beta tubulin.

It was once assumed that these proteins would appearLY only in eukaryotic cells. In the age of 50, however, it was found that prokaryotic cells, specifically bacteria, have a protein called mutant Z (FTSZ) sensitive to a temperature that is homologous with the family of tubulin proteins. FTSZ is coded by FTSZ gene and is part of a prokaryotic cytoskeleton. It plays a role in the division of prokaryotic cells and creates a structure called the FTSZ Circle, which is vital for the formation of new cell walls. The FTSZ ring is also used in some eukaryotic cells for dividing chloroplasts and some varieties of mitochondria.