What is hyperpolarization?

hyperpolarization occurs when the difference in the electrical potential between the two sides of the cell membrane changes significantly, resulting in great electrical potential across the membrane. Specifically, the value of the electrical potential across the membrane becomes more negative, which means that the charge on the inside of the cell membrane is more negative than the charge on the outside of the membrane. This process is commonly observed in neuroscience, as neurons are activated through processes involving changes in electrical potential. The opposite of hyperpolarization is depolarization in which the potential of the cell becomes more positive, which means that there is significantly less negative charge inside the cell membrane. Concentrations of different chemicals on different sides of the membrane can cause the development of electrical potential across the German. In general, if the electrical potential reaches a certain point, a biological process such as neuron shooting will be launched. After this point, the membrane tends to return to his to hisfolk potential or electrical potential before an electrochemical event occurred. In neurons, this process happens continuously; The stimuli cause the polarization to occur on the membrane, and when the degree of polarization passes through a certain threshold, the neuron fires and returns to its resting potential.

neuron will not shoot until its electrical potential overcomes a certain threshold. After reaching the threshold, the electrical potential increases drastically, which allows the neuron to send an electrical signal to other parts of the body. Hyperpolarization occurs after this increase in potential; Electrochemical potential will briefly become a negative one, and before returning to the resting potential, it will appear under the resting potential. This phase of hyperpolarization usually takes only a short part of a second.

Hyperpolarization and electrical potential across membranes generally include electron transfer to ions. Ion is an atom,which has either a positive or negative charge. Potassium and chlorine ions are commonly involved in electrochemical potentials; Their relative concentrations determine the size of the electrochemical cellular potential. In a resting stage there is potassium in the cell membrane; After the stimulus is exposed, the potassium throws and the negative chlorine ions flow into the membrane cell. Sodium and calcium ions sometimes also cause electrochemical cellular potentials across cell membranes.