What Is the Base of the Lung?

On auscultation of breathing sounds, when the air passes through the trachea containing secretions, or through the bronchi that is narrowed by cramps or swelling, on the basis of breathing sounds, an additional breathing murmur called rales is heard. According to the nature of rales, they can be divided into two categories: dry rales and wet rales.

Lung rales

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On auscultation of breathing sounds, when the air passes through the trachea containing secretions, or through the bronchi that is narrowed by cramps or swelling, on the basis of breathing sounds, an additional breathing murmur called rales is heard. According to the nature of rales, they can be divided into two categories: dry rales and wet rales.

Dry rales are caused by narrowing or partial obstruction of the trachea and bronchi, and turbulence when air is inhaled or exhaled. It is more common in bronchial mucosa congestion and edema caused by respiratory inflammation, thick secretions, bronchial smooth muscle spasm, or intracavitary tumors, foreign bodies Blocking and so on. Dry rales occur when the larger bronchi are called rales, which are characterized by low tones and loudness; when they occur in the smaller bronchi, they are called "flute" or "flying arrows", which are characterized by sharp, Short and high pitched; if the "Flute" can be heard all over the lungs, it can also be called "

Wet rales (also known as blistering sounds) are sounds produced when the airflow passes through the trachea or bronchus containing thin secretions, causing the secretions to form blisters and quickly burst. It is the sound produced by the gas passing through the thin secretions in the respiratory tract during inhalation. There are large, medium and small blisters (or thick, medium and fine wet rales) according to the size of the airway cavity and the number of secretions. Produced in large, medium and small bronchi. Large blister sounds, the sound is strong and low; small blister sounds, the sound is weak and high; the medium water bubble sound is in between. The small bubble sound, the thinnest sound is like the sound produced when twisting hair, called twisting sound. Large vesicular sounds are more common in patients with bronchiectasis, tuberculosis cavities, pulmonary edema, and coma; small and medium vesicular sounds are found in bronchial pneumonia, chronic bronchitis, and pulmonary interstitial fibrosis. The auscultation of moist rales is intermittent, transient, and the location is relatively fixed, often more pronounced at the end of inspiration, and relieved or disappeared after coughing. ^[1]

Wet rales can pervade the whole lung or be confined to a certain part of the lung. They can be heard during inhalation and exhalation, but more pronounced when inhaled deeply. Clinically common in bronchitis, pneumonia, tuberculosis, pulmonary congestion, pulmonary edema and bronchiectasis.