What Is the Brachiocephalic Artery?

Head and arm trunk: The head and arm trunk originate from the ascending aortic arch, and then the right common carotid artery and the right subclavian artery.

Head and arm trunk: The head and arm trunk originate from the ascending aortic arch, and then the right common carotid artery and the right subclavian artery.

Chinese name

Head arm dry

Aka

Innominate artery

At

Right

in contrast

Head and arm veins

Head arm stem head arm stem branch

The forearm and arm are inclined obliquely to the upper right and are divided into the right common carotid artery and the right subclavian artery behind the right sternoclavicular joint.

1. The right common carotid artery is divided into the internal carotid artery and external carotid artery from the height of the head and arm trunk, behind the sternoclavicular joint, and from the outer side of the esophagus, trachea and larynx to the upper edge of the thyroid cartilage; The internal arteries dominate the brain and optics. The external carotid artery dominates the face.

2. Right subclavian artery

1) It is the arterial trunk of the upper limb. From the right side, the aortic arch starts directly from the left of the head and arm trunk. They rise along the medial side of the left and right lung apex, and then obliquely cross the front of the pleura and exit from the upper thorax to the base of the neck. Its outer edge migrates into the axillary artery from the axillary artery.

2) A pair of thick arterial stems. The left side starts directly from the aortic arch, and the right side starts from the head and arm trunk behind the upper edge of the right sternoclavicular joint. Therefore, the left subclavian artery is slightly longer than the right. The left subclavian artery is relatively constant. According to statistics, about 99.8% starts directly from the aortic arch, and only 0.2% synthesizes with the common carotid artery and the left head arm starts from the aortic arch. 98% of the right subclavian artery originated from the head and arm trunk, and 2% originated directly from the aortic arch.

3) Arterial trunks distributed in shoulder, neck and forelimbs. It is divided from the brachiocephalic artery (left side) or brachiocephalic artery (right side) near the 1st rib or intercostal space, and arches around the front edge of the 1st rib in the anterior and ventral direction and continues as the axillary artery. The main branches include the costal carotid artery, superficial carotid artery, and internal thoracic artery, which are distributed in the anterior part of the shoulder and neck, iliac crest, chest wall, and abdominal wall.

Normal aortic arch of the head and arm trunk and its branch vessels embryogenesis

The mammalian vertebrates have 6 pairs of aortic arches during the embryonic stage, and the ventral and dorsal sides of the aorta are emitted in pairs. However, the six pairs of aortic arches did not appear at the same time, and the fifth pair of aortic arches were 50% hypoplastic and quickly degenerate, and the other 50% did not occur at all. When the aortic arch of the 4mm long tail of the embryo is formed, the first and second pairs of aortic arches of the head gradually degenerate. The third pair, the fourth pair, and the sixth pair of aortic arches that have an important effect on the formation of human aortic arch blood vessels appear. When the embryo reaches 12 mm in length, a section of dorsal aorta between the 3rd and 4th pairs of aortic arches disappears, and the 3rd pair of aortic arches together with the dorsal aorta at the head end form the cervical segment of the internal carotid artery and the left subclavian artery. The external carotid artery is a pair of blood vessels newly formed by the third pair of aortic arches at the origin of the abdominal aorta. Thereafter, the origin of the pair of blood vessels gradually shifts to the third pair of aortic arches, and the left proximal carotid artery is formed at the last proximal segment. When the embryo develops to 40mm long, the remaining blood vessels of the third pair of aortic arches and the right half of the fourth pair of abdominal aorta develop into the head and arm trunk, and the fourth pair of aortic arches and a section of the right dorsal aorta originate from the dorsal aorta. The 6th interstitial artery together forms the right subclavian artery, while the left subclavian artery is formed from the left 6th interstitial artery. The fourth pair of aortic arches and the left half of the abdominal aorta and the posterior segment of the left dorsal artery develop into normal adult aortic arches.

Variations in head arm position

In an adult female specimen, the head and arm meridian variation was found. This variation is rare and is reported as follows. The head and arm flattened the sternal jugular vein notch is highly autonomic arched, and it travels upwards to the left and then to the right in the neck. Press the trachea to the right to shift it to the right, and the esophagus is squeezed to the left. The head and arm are divided into the right common carotid artery and the right subclavian artery on the left side of the trachea. The two cross the front of the trachea below the thyroid to the right edge of the trachea and separate the two arteries. The common carotid artery folds up and the right subclavian artery runs to the right (Attached). The total length of the head and arm trunk is 27.smm, and the outer diameter is 16.2mm. The head and arm trunk is located 3mm to the right of the midline of the neck, 27.3mm from the midpoint of the jugular vein notch, and 10.6mm from the midpoint of the lower edge of the thyroid isthmus. The right common carotid artery is 3mm from the midpoint of the lower edge of the thyroid isthmus, with an outer diameter of 9.2mm, and the outer diameter of the right subclavian artery is .96mm. In clinical practice, tracheotomy is one of the important methods for the treatment of respiratory tract obstruction. The most serious complication after surgery is rupture and bleeding of the head and arm shaft. Therefore, special attention should be paid to the possibility of such mutations during tracheotomy. Conventional tracheotomy incisions are located in the trachea 2 and 3 tracheal rings. For wounded persons who cause emphysema of the neck and face due to laryngeal and tracheal injuries, in order to prevent acute blood circulation disorders caused by mediastinal emphysema, the throat and trachea wall must also be sutured quickly The wound and made a low tracheotomy. Regardless of which tracheotomy method is adopted, the patient should be strictly and physically examined before surgery to prevent damage to the blood vessels that traverse the trachea in front of the patient during surgery.