What Is the Cerebrum?
The brain is the highest-level part of the nervous system. It is composed of left and right cerebral hemispheres, and there are horizontal nerve fibers connected between the two hemispheres. Each hemisphere includes: Cerebral cortex (cerebral cortex): is a layer of gray matter (the concentrated part of the cell body of a nerve cell). There are many concave grooves (cracks) on the surface of the human brain, and there are raised ridges between the grooves (cracks), thus greatly increasing the area of the cerebral cortex. The human cerebral cortex is the most developed. It is the organ of thinking. It directs all activities in the body and regulates the balance between the body and the surrounding environment. Therefore, the cerebral cortex is the material basis for advanced neural activity. [1]
- The brain mainly includes the left and right hemispheres. It is the largest and most complex structure in the central nervous system, and it is also the highest part (see Figures 1 and 2). It is the organ that regulates the body's functions, and it is also the consciousness, spirit, language, learning, memory and intelligence. Material basis for other advanced neural activities. Different grooves or fissures appear on the surface of the cerebral hemisphere. The sulcus and fissures are called the brain gyrus. The cerebral hemisphere is divided into 5 leaves by grooves and fissures: the frontal, temporal, parietal, occipital, and insula. [2]
- Anatomy of the brain
- In the early human exploration of brain function, it played a vital role in the study of the anatomy of the individual's brain after death. In 1909, the German anatomist Brodmann partitioned the brain based on the type of cortical cells and the density of fibers. The brain is divided into 52 regions and represented by numbers. In the 1860s, Broca was discovered by French doctor Broca through the anatomy of patients with aphasia, and patients with damaged Broca regions would have motor aphasia. It is no coincidence that the Wilnick district was discovered by German scholar Wilnick in 1874. The main function of Wilnick district is to distinguish speech, form semantics, and have a close relationship with language acceptance (or imprinted language) [5] .
- Neuroimaging research
- With the advancement of technology, more and more mature non-invasive imaging techniques are being used to explore the functions of the brain. Among them, computed tomography (CT), positron emission computed tomography (PET), electroencephalography (EEG; ERP), and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) are the most widely used technologies. Through these technologies, a large number of brain structural functions and human behavior have been revealed. main feature
- plasticity
- Canadian scientists after studying 11 congenital blind and 11 normal people found that the brain has amazing plasticity. Under normal circumstances, the visual information processing and spatial sensing brain regions connected to the eyes can also be reconnected with the sound wave information. Therefore, some blind people with congenital blindness come to perceive space and realize "replace eyes with ears."
- Similarity
- According to the "Technical Review" magazine published by the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, scientists at the Allen Institute of Brain Science have drawn the two most complete human brain gene maps to date, providing important data for neuroscience research.
- Human brain similarity is as high as 94%, and at least 82% of human genes are expressed in the brain.
- Division and collaboration of the cerebral hemisphere
- The two hemispheres of the brain have the characteristics of functional division. There are differences in the visual and auditory evoked potentials of verbal and nonverbal stimuli in the two hemispheres, and most of these evoked potentials are caused by some psychological function rather than the stimulus itself. Language-related experiments found that the right hemisphere presents less evoked potentials than the left hemisphere. With the improvement of clinical cognition and the development of classical psychology, the concept of one side of the brain function has gradually been replaced by the viewpoint of the bilateral hemisphere synergy.
- Conclusion: Language is a complex cognitive and psychological activity peculiar to human beings. This complex activity can only be completed if both sides of the cerebral hemisphere are divided and coordinated. [6]