What is the Coccyx?

The coccyx is slightly triangular in shape. It is made up of 3 to 5 segments of the coccyx. It usually completes its fusion at the age of 30 to 40. The angle of the coccyx that extends from the bottom up is the superior articular process of the first coccyx. It is related to the condyle angle. Knots, on the outside of the coccyx angle, each side has a pair of outwardly pointed spikes, which are transverse processes of the coccyx. The transverse process of the 2nd tail vertebra is very small. The third and fourth tail vertebrae degenerate into nodular small bone masses.

The coccyx is slightly triangular in shape. It is made up of 3 to 5 segments of the coccyx. It usually completes its fusion at the age of 30 to 40. The angle of the coccyx that extends from the bottom up is the superior articular process of the first coccyx. It is related to the condyle angle. Knots, on the outside of the coccyx angle, each side has a pair of outwardly pointed spikes, which are transverse processes of the coccyx. The transverse process of the 2nd tail vertebra is very small. The third and fourth tail vertebrae degenerate into nodular small bone masses.

Chinese name

Coccyx

Foreign name

os coccygis

Shape

triangle

Injury symptoms

Dizziness and upset

Coccyx Overview

There is no vertebral arch in the tail vertebra, so there is no spinal canal. The lower end of the coccyx is pointed and the upper end is the bottom. The oval joint surface and the tip of the sacrum form a joint with a fibrocartilage disc in between. The concavity at the posterior upper part of the coccyx and the condyle is called the condylar space, and there are cochlear angles on both sides of the posterior part of the articular surface, which is equivalent to the vertebral arch and the upper articular process of the coccyx.

The back edge of the coccyx base is higher than the front edge, facing forward, its front is slightly concave, smooth, and the back is protruding and rough. There can be many variations in the shape of the coccyx, the sides can be asymmetric, and the curvature can be bent forward or inclined to one side.

Development and function of coccyx

Bony fusion can occur in the sacrococcygeal joint. In humans, it is a degenerative bone with little effect after resection. In the sitting position, the coccyx is not stressed, but the ischial tuberosity bears weight. The coccyx can heal with the sacrum in later life to form a bone, which is more common in women. The tailbone can change the shape of the pelvic outlet. If the tailbone is immobile, a fracture can occur during delivery.

Coccyx related diseases and treatment

1. Coccygeal fractures are more common, mostly due to direct violence, and a small number of people will experience local refractory pain after coccygeal fractures.

2.Method

2.1 Manipulative reduction treatment instructs the patient to empty the stool, clean the enema, and take the knee and chest position. The surgeon wears gloves. After expanding the anus, the forefinger and middle finger are put into the anus, and the two fingers are pressed against the posterior wall of the rectum. Use violence to avoid damaging the rectum. Avoid sitting for 3 weeks after resetting. Surgical treatment was performed for patients with failed manual reduction.

2.2 Surgical treatment Before surgery, empty the stool and clean the enema. The patient took the right supine position, flexing the hips and knees 90 ° each, and the Xinjieer disinfection field of 1: 5000. The surgeon wore gloves, stuffed a treatment towel between the legs of the anus, and spread a hole in the tail. A 1% lidocaine was used for local anesthesia and anal reduction. Use your forefinger to touch the tailbone and push it back slightly. Push your right thumb up to reset. After the reduction, the patient was disinfected again. The left thumb was maintained by the operator. The right hand held a 2 2.5mm Kirschner needle and penetrated into the skin from the back of the anus 3 4cm to the coccyx. The assistant wears gloves, tightens the hand drill with a Kirschner wire, gently drills through the distal end of the fracture to the proximal end, and drills the zygomatic bone vertically through the sacrococcygeal joint 2 2.5cm ). Then the assistant loosened the hand drill, and the surgeon shook the Kirschner wire. The left index finger felt no movement of the coccyx. After confirming that the coccyx was firmly fixed, bend the pin's tail, cut it by 0.5 cm, rotate it to the coccyx side, embed it under the skin, and disinfect again , Alcohol cotton ball to press the needle eye, skin care film paste or band-aid paste. Appropriate antibiotics were applied postoperatively, and the Kirschner wire was removed 4 weeks later.

3. Curative effect recovery: clinical symptoms and signs completely disappeared, no effect on work and life; significant effect: clinical symptoms and signs basically disappeared, but local soreness is still felt when engaged in special activities such as cycling; improvement: clinical symptoms and signs are partially improved, and still remain Tail pain, but less than before treatment; Ineffective: no significant improvement in symptoms and signs over 18 days after treatment.

4, coccygeal pain is not just simple coccygeal pain, it is a syndrome of pain in the lower part of the sacrum, the coccyx and its surroundings. Can be caused by a variety of diseases, such as contusion of the tail bone, infection, rectal tumors, etc. The disease is very common clinically, most of which are caused by backward or vertical slipping and falling. Females have a higher incidence than males, with a male to female ratio of approximately 1: 5. The main clinical manifestations are as follows: 1. Localized coccygeal pain, may have a history of trauma. Sometimes there may be pain in the lower iliac crest, upper gluteal region, lower lumbar region, and areas along the sciatic nerve. 2. The patient's pain was exacerbated by sitting on a hard bench, coughing, and defecation. 3. There is no local swelling. There is obvious tenderness at the joint of the zygomatic tail, but squeezing the tip of the coccyx often increases pain. 4, anal digital examination is very important, you can check whether the activity of the coccyx has increased. Only the tailbone moves without pain, which means there is no disease; pain when moving, it means there is disease. Then use your index finger to touch the tailbone and the surrounding soft tissues to check for abnormal changes and tenderness. 5. If there is no abnormality in X-ray examination, it can help to rule out other bone lesions in the coccyx. In addition, when diagnosing coccygeal pain, it is important to consider other causes of coccygeal pain, such as coccyx infection, tuberculosis, or tumors. Therefore, it is very important to ask a detailed medical history and carry out a detailed examination, including rectal examination and X-ray examination.

Conservative treatment is the main method. Surgical treatment is performed for those who fail to respond to conservative treatment.