What Is the Relationship Between the Kidneys and Homeostasis?

The kidney is an important organ of the human body. Its basic function is to generate urine to remove metabolites and certain wastes and poisons from the body. At the same time, it retains water and other useful substances such as glucose, protein, amino acids, sodium ions through reabsorption , Potassium ion, sodium bicarbonate, etc. to adjust water, electrolyte balance and maintain acid-base balance. The kidney also has endocrine functions, producing renin, erythropoietin, active vitamin D3, prostaglandin, kinin, etc. It is also the site of degradation of endocrine hormones and target organs of extrarenal hormones. These functions of the kidney ensure the stability of the internal environment of the body and enable the normal metabolism.

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The kidney is an important organ of the human body, and its basic function is to generate

The kidney is a pair of lenticular organs, reddish-brown, located in the shallow fossa on both sides of the spinal column of the retroperitoneum. It is about 10-12 cm long, 5-6 cm wide, 3-4 cm thick, and weighs 120-150 grams. The left kidney is slightly larger than the right kidney. The upper end of the longitudinal axis of the kidney is inward and the lower end is outward. It is closer, the lower pole is farther, and the angle between the longitudinal axis of the kidney and the spine is about 30 degrees. There is a depression on one side of the kidney, called the hilum, which is

Position of kidney: right renal hilum is facing second

The internal structure of the kidney can be divided into two parts: the renal parenchyma and the renal pelvis.

It can be seen in the longitudinal section of the kidney that the renal parenchyma is divided into two layers: the outer layer is the cortex and the inner layer is the medulla.

The renal cortex is located on the surface of the renal parenchyma and is rich in blood vessels. When it is fresh, it is reddish-brown.

1.

First, excrete metabolites and harmful substances entering the body

The human body is undergoing metabolism at all times. In this process, certain wastes that are not needed or even harmful by the human body are bound to be produced. A small part of them is excreted by the gastrointestinal tract, and most of them are excreted by the kidneys to maintain the normal body Physiological activity. In addition, the kidneys excrete some toxic substances that enter the body. Some chemical poisoning can cause kidney damage because the elimination of these chemicals goes through the kidneys. If the kidneys become ill, the excretion of these harmful substances to the body will be affected, and waste will accumulate in the body, which will cause various diseases. We call this kidney's nutrient-retaining and toxin-eliminating effect a "blood sieve".

2. Maintain water balance through the production of urine

This is the main function of the kidney. When blood flows through the glomeruli, due to the pressure, a liquid that is the same as plasma but contains no protein is called raw urine. Raw urine passed

1. Limit diets high in potassium

The highest potassium content: winter mushrooms, seaweed; second: potatoes, soybean sprouts, coriander, spinach, leek, celery, cauliflower, chicken, etc .; medium amount: loofah, bitter gourd, moss mushroom. Orange juice

Do not eat high potassium content, eat less moderate, it is best to soak in a large amount of water for 30 minutes before cooking, discard the soup, and then eat, fruits should be a small amount per day, not too much.

2.Perform a low-phosphorus diet

Foods high in phosphorus are: oatmeal, soybeans, winter mushrooms, seaweed, milk powder, meat floss, dried squid, animal offal (pig heart, brain, liver, kidney), etc. should not be eaten more.

Meat has a higher phosphorus content than plants. To reduce the phosphorus content in meat, you can cut the meat into pieces and cook it with boiling water. Eat only meat without soup.

3. Reduce sodium content

Use less sodium-containing condiments such as salt, monosodium glutamate, oyster sauce, sauces,

The so-called urine concentration and dilution is based on the urine osmotic pressure and

Keep warm in the winter. It is found that in winter, new patients with worsening renal function or dialysis are far more than other seasons, mainly due to vasoconstriction and blood pressure surge in low temperature. Urination volume is reduced. Blood coagulation becomes stronger. Easy to cause kidney problems.

Do not take medicine in disorder Many commercially available painkillers, cold medicines, and Chinese herbal medicines have kidney toxicity. Do not take it without a doctor's prescription. The side effects of antibiotics and painkillers prescribed by physicians should also be known.

Don't overeating eat too much protein and salt. Will increase the burden on the kidneys. In addition,

(A) all living things cannot be separated from water

All living things cannot be separated from water, and human beings are no exception. Water is a basic substance necessary for living things and a major component of body fluids. Water has special physical and chemical properties and extremely important physiological functions.

Transportation

If the kidneys lose the ability to regulate water and electrolytes,

Chronic glomerulonephritis

Chronic glomerulonephritis (chronic glomerulonephritis), referred to as chronic nephritis, is a group of primary glomerular diseases composed of a variety of different etiologies and different pathological types.

Kidney function

Chinese medicine believes that the kidney is located on the waist, on both sides of the spine, one on the left and the other on the left. The main physiological functions of the kidney are Tibetan essence, main water, main qi, main reproduction, main bones and spinal cords. The kidneys have congenital essence, which is the basis of viscera, yin and yang, and the source of human growth, development, reproduction, and the basis of life activities. Therefore, compared with the spleen and stomach, traditional Chinese medicine is called the "congenital basis" of the kidney. There is Yuanyin Yuanyang hidden in the kidney, Yuanyin belongs to water, Yuanyang belongs to fire, so the kidney is also called "water and fire dirty".

The main water in the kidney is to maintain the body's water-liquid balance with yang and yin. The main bone in the kidney is the bone marrow, which blooms, and the kidney is full of energy. The bone is firm and the brain is full of glory. Due to the lungs, the intake of kidney qi helps to reduce the lung qi; the kidneys help water to the heart, the heart fires the kidneys, the heart and the kidneys intersect, and the water and fire benefit, the balance of yin and yang; the kidneys belong to the fire and the spleen Earth and kidney yang can help the spleen to transport. The kidney is water, while the liver is wood. If the kidney water is sufficient, the liver is nourished. The kidney veins and bladder are similar to the bladder. Transpiration of kidney qi can help bladder qi. And metabolism of water.

Key points of kidney syndrome differentiation

Traditionally, there is no evidence and evidence for kidneys. The heat of kidneys is the change of yin deficiency, and the cold of kidneys comes from yang deficiency. However, according to clinical practice, the evidence of kidneys still exists, such as damp heat and congestion. Gravel block, etc., is evidence for the kidney, or evidence of deficiency. Syndromes of kidney deficiency are generally divided into two categories: yin deficiency and yang deficiency. The general treatment principle is "cultivate its deficiency, and do not expend it." Those with yin deficiency should avoid spicy, too bitter cold, and should be sweetened with yin and yang, so as to supplement yin and yang, so as to eliminate the deficiency of fire and return yang to yin, the so-called "master of strong water, to control the sun"; Xin San should be the product of warming the Qi and benefiting the qi, so as to supplement the yang with the yin, so that the yin is scattered and the yin is taken from the yang, the so-called "source of Yihuo to eliminate yin and qi." In addition, based on the theory of mutual roots of yin and yang, yin and jin should be taken into account when invigorating yang, and yang qi should be taken into account in invigorating yin. The yin must seek yin in the yang, but the yin is yang and the source is inexhaustible. " As for the deficiency of yin and yang, there are two injuries of essence and qi. Those with kidney yin deficiency often lead to strong phase fires. This is a change in internal heat caused by yin deficiency. The rule of treatment should be to nourish yin, and to clear out the phase fire; those with kidney yang deficiency are based on warming the kidneys and strengthening the sun. Must be supplemented with the essence of the essence of the essence, in order to finance its biochemical sources.

Kidney Syndrome Classification

(A) deficiency of kidney yang

1. Kidney Qi is not solid

Summary of pathogenesis: excessive strain, loss of health due to chronic illness, loss of kidney qi, loss of her position as a sealant.

Main evidences: pale complexion, weak waist and knees, hearing loss, frequent urination, or endless urination, even urinary incontinence, or frequent nocturia, men's ejaculation, premature ejaculation, women's thinning, pale tongue , The moss is thin and white, and the veins are weak.

Treatment: Bushen Gushe.

2, the kidneys are not satisfied

Overview of the pathogenesis: strained kidney qi, or chronic illness qi deficiency, qi is not returned, and kidney failure.

The main pulse evidence: short asthma reversal, movement is more beneficial, thin and tired, severe cases of wheezing, cold sweat dripping, limbs cold and blue, pulse floating without large roots.

Treatment: kidney tonifying.

3. Kidney Yang is weak

Overview of the pathogenesis: Weak endowment, long-term illness, or kidney injury, fatigue, loss of life, and fire failure.

Main evidences: pale or dark complexion, chills, cold limbs, tenderness and coldness in waist and knees, mental weakness, impotence in men, infertility in women with cold in the palace, or long-lasting discharge of stools, unrefined valleys, or diarrhea .

Treatment: warm kidney yang,

4, kidney deficiency flood

Overview of pathogenesis: endowment deficiency, chronic illness loss, kidney yang loss, inability to warm water, water evil flooding upside down, or overflowing skin.

The main pulse evidence: edema around the body, even below the waist, short urination, or cough upset, phlegm is more and thin, the movement is very wheezing, pale tongue, white fur, thin pulse or heavy string.

Treatment: Wenyang Lishui.

(B) Kidney Yin Deficiency

1. Kidney Yin Deficiency

Summary of pathogenesis: Insufficient intercourse, overwork, or after a long illness, it is really overwhelmed.

Main pulse evidence: weak body shape, dizziness, tinnitus, forgetfulness and insomnia, sore back, soft legs, dry throat and mouth noise, red tongue, less moss, and pulse.

Treatment: nourish the kidney yin.

2, Yin Huowang

Summary of pathogenesis: Overworked, kidney yin is consumed, or after fever, yin and Tianjin are consumed, yin deficiency generates internal heat, and water deficiency is buoyant.

The main pulse evidence: red lips, red hot flushes, night sweats, lumbar soreness, deficiency and anxiety, dreams of Yang Xing, dry mouth and sore throat, short yellow urine, constipation, less red tongue, and pulse count.

Treatment: nourishing yin and reducing fire.