What is a translation in protein synthesis?

translation in protein synthesis concerns the phase of assembly of protein in cells where RNA is decoded to form an amino acid chain. Translation is the second phase of protein production, after transcription of DNA coding into directions for assembling protein in the form of MRNA. Four phases of translation in protein synthesis occur in cell ribosome and are called activation, initiation, extension and termination. The translation makes the basic structures that are the basis of a lot of living tissues, but significant aspects of protein synthesis continue after translation.

The synthesis of proteins consists of at least two phases. First, in the nucleus of the cell serves the spring of nucleic acid as a template for the production of MRNA, which copies the instructions for the synthesis of amino acids, building blocks of proteins, from DNA: This is called transcription. The translation phase in protein synthesis occurs in the cell, but outside the nucleus, in special structures called ribosomes. The translation is the assembly of proteins from amino acids in a specific order according to MRNA instructions.

Mrna moves from the nucleus to the cell ribosomes at the beginning of the translation. RNA is organized according to a specific code where the sequence of three nucleotides is organized for directions for corresponding amino acid, a unit called Kodon. Ribosome surrounds MRNA and uses it to build an amino acid chain in the same order as they will be found in the finished protein. It creates complexes of pairing one amino acid with a suitable codon of MRNA, so nucleic acid is a plan for a finished product. The synthesis of amino acids occurs as part of the metabolism of digestion and food, not the translation.

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translation in the synthesis of proteins has several phases, although the process is different in the prokaryotic cell - cells of bacteria - than in animal, plants and mushroom cells. The first phase, activation, pair the amino sequence with their suitable mRNAs through chemical bonds in the exact process. Start starts on the ribosome when binding to the initiation point to MROn which the actual assembly of protein begins. The extension describes the ribosomal addition of more amino acids to one end of the assembly chain, a process that continues the MRNA chain until a codon that means stopping.

The final phase of translation in protein synthesis is called ending and depends on specialized chemical factors recognizing one of the three possible traces of messages in RNA and responding appropriately by release of protein from the ribosome. Then a newly assembled protein called polypeptide may be subject to posttranslation modification, which includes changes that are not coded RNA. In addition, the polypeptide must be composed of a specific shape - conformation - which determines the structure and final function of the finished protein.