What Is the Extensor Hallucis Longus?

Long toe extensor: The long toe extensor is a pinnate muscle that starts from the lateral ankle of the tibia, the medial side of the proximal end of the fibula, and the front of the adjacent interosseous membrane. With their muscular separation from the tibialis anterior muscle, these points form a wall of the osteopontine tube. In the upper leg, the anterior tibial blood vessel and deep peroneal nerve are located between the long extensor toe and the tibialis anterior muscle, and the lower long extensor toe is also located between them.

Chinese name: Toe long extensor
Foreign name: extensor digitorum longus

Location: Calf
Function: Helps with dorsiflexion

Long extensor toes overview

The long toe extensor and the tibialis anterior muscle move at the same height as the tendon, and together with the third peroneus muscle, pass over the ring of the lower extensor support belt behind the upper extensor support belt. The tendon is divided into four bundles, which run on the back of the foot and terminates with the same hair style as the extensor tendon of the hand. At the metatarsophalangeal joint, the toe dorsal fascia is added to the outside of the tendon on the 2, 3, and 4 toes. This forms a dorsal dorsal fascia on the dorsal toe, just like the fingers, accepting the addition of vermiform and interosseous muscles. The aponeurosis narrows at the proximal interphalangeal joint and divides into three bundles: the middle bundle ends at the base of the midphalangeal phalanges, and the two side bundles rejoin at the back of the midphalangeal phalanges, ending at the base of the distal phalanx. The blood supply of the long extensor toes is from the direct branches of the anterior tibial Egypt, the anterior medial malleolus artery, and the internal manic artery network. It is also derived from the 2nd to 4th dorsal iliac arteries and supplemented by the proximal and distal perforating arteries of the soles of the feet. The 2nd to 4th dorsal dorsal Egypt, the peroneal branch of the peroneal artery, and the anterior lateral malleolus artery and the lateral iliac artery supply. Dominated by the deep peroneal nerve (L5 and S1). Its role is to cooperate with the tibialis anterior muscle and toe long extensor to extend the toe, making the foot dorsiflexion. And tension the patellar aponeurosis with the long toe extensor.

Long toe extensor is one of the calf anterior muscles. This muscle, along with the tibialis anterior muscle and long toe extensors, starts from the upper end of the tibia, fibula, and interosseous membrane, and descends through the transverse ligaments of the calf and the deep cruciate ligament. It is divided into 4 tendons, ending at 2, 3, 4, and 5 toes. In addition, one tendon is divided into the fifth metatarsal bone, called the third fibula. This muscle can extend the toe and can flex the foot, and when the foot bone is fixed, it can contract with other muscles to make the calf lean forward. Dominated by deep peroneal nerve.

Toe long extensor muscle anatomy

Toe long extensor: It is located subcutaneously on the anterolateral side of the calf and on the outside of the tibialis anterior muscle. Starting from the anterior edge of the fibula and adjacent to the interosseous membrane, the upper end of the tibia, etc., the muscle bundle travels down to a long common tendon. The upper and lower support bands (cruciate ligaments) extend from the deep side of the extensor muscles to the back of the foot. The total tendon is divided into 5 tendons, 4 medial tendons stop at the back of the base of the distal phalanges of the 2nd to 5th toes and the base of the midphalange, and the outermost tendon stops at the back of the base of the 5th metatarsal, called the third fibula. The long phalanges muscles extend the feet and extend the toes; the third fibula muscles valgus the foot and maintain the function of the lateral arch. The long extensor toes is innervated by the deep peroneal nerve.

Long toe extensor small toe long extensor tendon transplantation in small toe abductor angioplasty

1. Indications for surgery: The small toe overlap deformity affects those who wear shoes.

2. Anesthesia: epidural anesthesia.

3. Posture: supine position.

4. Surgical steps:

(1) Incision and exposure: The first skin incision is an arc incision from the dorsal side of the small toe, revealing the contracted small toe long extensor tendon and small toe abductor. The second incision made a small transverse incision in the middle of the fifth metatarsal bone, exposing the small toe long extensor tendon and cutting the tendon.

(2) Tendon transplantation: The distal end of the cut long toe long tendon is subcutaneously transferred from the second incision into the first incision, and then the tendon is pulled from the inside of the proximal phalange through the bone tunnel to the outside of the phalanges and corrected. After the little toe, tighten the distal head of the little toe extensor tendon and suture the abductor tendon.

(3) Suture: Suture the skin incision after complete hemostasis.

5. Postoperative treatment: The small toe was fixed with abduction and orthopedic correction for 6 weeks. After 6 weeks, remove the external fixation to move.

Extensor toe extensor

Small toe long extensor tendon amputation, dorsal metatarsophalangeal joint capsulotomy:

1. Indications for surgery: Small toe deformity affects those who wear shoes.

2. Anesthesia: epidural anesthesia.

3. Posture: supine position.

Toe long extensor and toe related diseases

Fracture of phalange: Fracture of phalange is one of the common fractures of the foot. Occupies the second place of foot fractures. Most are caused by direct violence such as crushing of heavy objects, usually comminuted fractures; fractures caused by indirect violence such as kicking hard objects are mostly transverse or oblique fractures. After the injury, local swelling and pain, subcutaneous blood stasis or sub-adenoma hematoma, the toe can not be used hard, bone felt or bone fricative when felt. If there is a displacement fracture, it should be treated manually, especially the angle and rotation deformity to the lateral side must be corrected. The doctor can pinch the distal and proximal ends of the fracture with both thumbs and fingers, and push and restore under the extension. After the fracture of the toe, the splint was fixed. After the second and fifth toe fractures are repaired, they can be fixed with splint or adjacent toe fixation. The fixed time is about 3-4 weeks.

Fractures of the phalanges are also common in foot fractures, which are usually caused by heavy injuries or kicks. They often involve skin or nail bed injuries.

1. Diagnosis points:

Have a history of trauma;

Local swelling, pain, limited mobility, tenderness, and bone rubbing;

X-rays can indicate fractures.

2. Treatment:

No special treatment is required for non-displacement, and those with obvious displacement can be manually reset;

Open fractures or failure of manual reduction can be treated surgically;

Drug treatment: same as the clavicle fracture.