What are the four basic forces of nature?
Since the beginning of the 20th century, physicists have recognized four basic forces or interactions that include all known phenomena in nature. Three out of four were characterized by a strict and mathematically standard model formulated at the beginning of 70 years. Four forces are a strong nuclear force (also known as the color force), a weak nuclear force (mediated by beta), electromagnetic power and gravity.
In very high energies, weak nuclear and electromagnetic force connect (start to behave interchangeably), while at increasing forces it is assumed that the strong force connects to the electreak and eventually the strong force is associated with gravity. It is assumed that all four were united immediately after the Big Bang, in the earliest stages of the formation of the universe.
The strong nuclear force holds the protons and neutrons in the atomic nucleus. More specifically, it is mediated by the exchange of the gluons of the intermediate stars forming protons and neutrons. It is 100 times stronger than the electromagnetic force. When cores are broken in the coresreactions, energy will be released from this force. The theory of physics called Quantum Chromodynamics, loses all its strength at a distance much wider than the atomic core.
The electromagnetic force is that people are the best known and are responsible for all chemical reactions and the most famous physical properties such as light. It is mediated by photons that make up all electromagnetic radiation, from space rays to visible light to extremely low -frequency radio waves. The heat and light are made of photons.
Interactions of electromagnetic forces are determined by electric charge. The reason why people do not fall a chair while sitting on it is that the negative charge of atomic electron shell UP body is reflected in the negative charge of electron shells forming a chair. Photon waves decrease in strength according to the square of the distance of their source.
Weak nuclear force isResponsible for a relatively small range of basic interactions. It mediates beta break -up beta, which happens when neutron breaks into proton and electron or positron. The bosons W and Z is about one hundred billion times weaker than electromagnetic. It only works at short distances.
gravity is the weakest of all the power, but most ubiquitous in the universe because it is generated by all bodies with matter. Gravity is 10
36
times weaker than electromagnetic force, making mathematical analysis more difficult. The particles that are expected to mediate gravity - gravitons - have not yet been detected. Gravity also differs from other forces in that it has not yet been integrated with other inverted mathematical ways. Physicists were looking for a theory that would unify gravity with other forces for almost a century, without happiness.