What Are the Properties of Gas?
Gas is a compressible and expandable fluid that has no shape and volume. Gas is a state of matter. Gas is fluid like liquid: it can flow and can deform. Unlike liquid, gas has a large distance between gas molecules and can be compressed and expanded. If there is no restriction (container or force field), the gas can expand and its volume is unlimited. The atoms or molecules of a gaseous substance can move freely with each other. The kinetic energy of atoms or molecules in a gaseous substance is relatively high. The gas form can be affected by its volume, temperature and pressure. These elements constitute a number of gas laws, and the three can influence each other.
gas
(State of matter)
Gas density
Gas density (unit: 10 kg / m3) |
name | 0 , standard atmospheric pressure, density | Density when liquid | When solid |
Temperature | density | Temperature | density |
hydrogen | 0. 00009 | 252. 8 | 0. 0708 | -262 | 0. 0808 |
nitrogen | 0. 00125 | 195. 8 | 0. 805 | -252.5 | 1. 026 |
oxygen | 0. 00143 | -183 | 1. 14 | -252.5 | 1. 426 |
fluorine | 0. 001696 | -181 | 1. 11 | -223 | 1. 3 |
Argon | 0. 00178 | 185. 7 | 1. 402 | -233 | 1. 65 |
Ozone (O3) | 0. 00214 | -183 | 1. 71 | | |
ammonia | 0. 00077 | -34.1 | 1. 557 | -102 | Approximately 1. 9 |
name | 0 , standard atmospheric pressure, density | name | 0 , standard atmospheric pressure, density | name | 0 , standard atmospheric pressure, density |
gas | 0. 00060 | Carbon monoxide | 0. 00125 | chlorine | 0. 00321 |
bromine | 0. 00714 | air | 0. 00129 | Hydrogen chloride | 0. 00164 |
Methane | 0. 00078 | Nitric oxide | 0. 00134 | Hydrogen sulfide | 0. 00154 |
Acetylene | 0. 00117 | Ethane | 0. 00136 | carbon dioxide | 0. 00198 |
Viscosity and density values of common gases
The viscosity and density values of common gases are summarized in the following table (normal temperature: 25 ° C, normal pressure)
substance | English name | density | dynamic viscosity | Kinematic viscosity |
kg / m³ | Pa · s | mm / s |
air | air | 1.169 | 18.448 | 15.787 |
Ammonia | ammonia | 0.694 | 10.093 | 14.539 |
Argon | argon | 1.613 | 22.624 | 14.03 |
Butane | butane | 2.416 | 7.406 | 3.065 |
Butene | 1- butene | 2.327 | 8.163 | 3.507 |
carbon dioxide | carbon dioxide | 1.784 | 14.932 | 8.369 |
Carbon monoxide | carbon monoxide | 1.13 | 17.649 | 15.614 |
Dimethyl ether | dimethyl ether | 1.895 | 9.1 | 4.801 |
Ethane | ethane | 1.222 | 9.354 | 7.654 |
Ethylene | ethylene (ethane) | 1.138 | 10.318 | 9.066 |
hydrogen | hydrogen | 0.081 | 8.915 | 109.69 |
Hydrogen sulfide | hydrogen sulfide | 1.385 | 12.387 | 8.942 |
Isobutane | isobutane | 2.407 | 7.498 | 3.115 |
Isobutene | isobutene | 2.327 | 8.085 | 3.474 |
krypton | krypton | 3.387 | 25.132 | 7.419 |
Methane | methane | 0.648 | 11.067 | 17.071 |
neon | neon | 0.814 | 31.113 | 38.239 |
Neopentane | neopentane | 3.021 | 7.259 | 2.403 |
nitrogen | nitrogen | 1.13 | 17.805 | 15.753 |
Nitrous oxide | nitrous oxide | 1.785 | 14.841 | 8.314 |
oxygen | oxygen | 1.292 | 20.55 | 15.91 |
Para hydrogen | parahydrogen | 0.081 | 8.915 | 109.69 |
Propane | propane | 1.808 | 8.146 | 4.507 |
Acrylic | propylene | 1.722 | 8.56 | 4.971 |
R11 | | 5.744 | 10.162 | 1.769 |
R114 | | 7.109 | 10.807 | 1.52 |
R115 | | 6.347 | 12.515 | 1.972 |
R116 | | 5.626 | 14.148 | 2.515 |
R12 | | 4.971 | 11.807 | 2.375 |
R124 | | 5.651 | 11.593 | 2.051 |
R125 | | 4.915 | 12.962 | 2.637 |
R13 | | 4.252 | 14.362 | 3.378 |
R134a | | 4.201 | 11.819 | 2.813 |
R14 | | 3.563 | 17.244 | 4.839 |
R142b | | 4.16 | 10.421 | 2.505 |
R143a | | 3.448 | 11.087 | 3.215 |
R152a | | 2.722 | 10.081 | 3.704 |
R218 | | 7.748 | 12.49 | 1.612 |
R22 | | 3.539 | 12.631 | 3.569 |
R227ea | | 7.05 | 11.591 | 1.644 |
R23 | | 2.846 | 14.913 | 5.24 |
R236ea | | 6.354 | 10.897 | 1.715 |
R236fa | | 6.332 | 10.96 | 1.731 |
R245ca | | 5.661 | 10.117 | 1.787 |
R245fa | | 5.639 | 10.303 | 1.827 |
R32 | | 2.125 | 12.613 | 5.937 |
R41 | | 1.384 | 10.955 | 7.913 |
RC318 | | 8.315 | 11.505 | 1.384 |
Fumaric acid | trans-2-butene | 2.334 | 8.028 | 3.44 |
Dichloroiodomethane | trifluoroiodomethane | 8.082 | 14.277 | 1.767 |
xenon | xenon | 5.324 | 22.984 | 4.317 |
The ideal gas is an imaginary gas. Its characteristics are:
There is no force between the gas molecules; the gas molecules themselves do not occupy the volume; the gas molecules occur between the gas molecules and the vessel wall
1810
Boyle-Maulio's law means that at a certain temperature, the volume of a gas is inversely proportional to its pressure. This can be expressed by the following formula:
Charlie's law means that when the pressure remains fixed, the volume of the gas is proportional to its temperature. That is, as the temperature of the gas increases, its volume also increases. Its mathematical expression is:
Chlorine
Chlorine (Cl2) Color \ odor \ state: Usually a yellow-green gas with an irritating odor.
density: ratio
Chlorine (Cl2)
Color \ odor \ state: usually strong
First, the lightest gas <hydrogen> in the world
In 1766, a British millionaire named Henry Gavendish discovered a colorless gas, hydrogen. This gas is 14 times lighter than air, or 1 cubic centimeter weighs only 0.00008989 grams
Second, the world's heaviest gas <tungsten hexafluoride>
In fact, contrary to many people's beliefs, the heaviest gas in the world is not plutonium. At different temperatures, tungsten hexafluoride is a colorless, odorless gas or a transparent liquid with a boiling point of 17.5 degrees. It is a very strong fluorinating agent. The formula is greater than , which is 298.
Third, the most soluble gas <ammonia> in water
Many gases can be dissolved in water. But the solubility of various gases in water is different. Normally, 1 volume of water
Capable of dissolving 1 volume of carbon dioxide. 1 volume of water can only dissolve 1/10 volume of hydrogen. The solubility of hydrogen is visible
Very small. In contrast, some gases are much more soluble than carbon dioxide. 1 volume at 1 atmosphere and 20 ° C
Water can dissolve 2.4 volumes of hydrogen sulfide gas or 2.5 volumes of chlorine gas. Ammonia is the most soluble gas. It is kind of irritating
The odor gas can dissolve about 700 volumes of ammonia at 1 atmosphere and 20 ° C. The aqueous solution of ammonia gas is called ammonia water.
Ammonia is an important fertilizer. And ammonia is one of the most important products in modern industry. It can be used to make nitric acid, explosives, etc.
It can also be used to make medicines. There are other properties of ammonia: it is easy to vaporize, the air pressure drops, it can evaporate sharply, and at the same time it
It is also easy to liquefy. At -33 ° C, it will condense into a colorless liquid and release a lot of heat.
