What is a biological shard?

BIOSIGNATURE is a chemical or physical process that can be detected remotely and indicates the presence of living organisms in a particular area. The concept is often used in the field of astrobiology, a branch of biology looking for life outside the ground, the air and the sea environment of the Earth. The search for a biomarker, which would indicate the past or contemporary existence of life on Mars, has gained growing focus in astrobiology because the American missions Viking I and II were sent to seek their lives in the middle of the age of 70 until the early 80s, and probes to other areas of the solar system continued to find. Since 2011, the field has begun to expand, since dozens of extrasolar planets have been discovered outside the Earth's solar system. A small minority of these planets is theorized as a country similar to size and structure, and may have biosignature of astrochemia that indicates the ability to support life.

Understanding the necessary conditions for planetary habitations at least primitive FORMám, such as bacteria, evolved in 20

th and 21 st century. This is because science has discovered the biosign of organisms on the ground in regions, such as deep underwater volcanic holes, which were previously considered completely inhospitable to all forms of life. The hardness of such organisms to live in conditions of absent light and oxygen and at an extreme level of temperature and pressure suggests that biosignature for life in other worlds can be wider than previously expected.

The presence of liquid water is still considered necessary for the existence of any life outside the boundaries of the country. While liquid water was once considered to be rare in the solar system existing only on the ground itself, this view changed in the 21st century. Both European and Callisto, Moon Jupiter, may have liquid felled oceans and Enceladus, which is a month of Saturn, it is now known to have water -based volcanoes that can also support basic living organisms. American Phoenix MArs Lander also found evidence of water -based ice in the region distant from the polar caps on Mars in 2008, which may indicate a biological center for bacterial activity that once existed or still under the surface of the red planet.

Bioindicator detection for remote worlds has been more demanding for contemporary science since 2011, because finding worlds themselves is a challenge. The focus of research can begin by narrowing the scope of star systems on red dwarf systems. These are the most common types of stars, which make up about 75% of all stars in the Milky Way galaxy and the most likely type that has planetary systems that can be habitable due to their age and presence in the main sequence of the Galaxies.

The stars of the dwarfs

m are on average significantly smaller and cooler than the Earth's Sun, so planets orbiting would need strong atmosphere to capture more light from their parent suns than Earth. Probability suggests that if there is life outside the country, it waswould be found on planets around the red dwarfs more likely than elsewhere. Star classes, such as F, G and K, which are warmer and brighter as the Sun, are also relatively rare compared to red dwarves, so research focuses on exploring the Musignal classrooms with biosignature activity.

Some gases individually or together would be a clear biological subordinate for the presence of potential life forms. These gases would also be longer lives in the atmospheres on planets orbiting red dwarves and are more easily detected than on planets orbiting warmer stars. These biological compounds include methane - ch _{4 , nitrous oxide - n 2 o, chlorormethan & mdash ;; Ch 3 cl and ozone in the form of o 2 or 3 .}

detection of organisms on Earth living in sulfur environments near volcanic holes also indicated that life can prosper on anxic planets that have low or completely bEz oxygen. Organic sulfur compounds would therefore also be a strong indicator of life if they were detected in extraterrestrial atmospheres, including methanethiol - ch _{3 SH and carbon disulfide - CS 2 . The presence of sulfur -based compounds would reflect the theory of biological administration about early life on Earth that existed before oxygen, and was the dominant life condition on Earth for at least 1,500,000,000 years.}