What is an electrochemical process?
The electrochemical process is a chemical reaction that either causes or is caused by the movement of electric current. These processes are a type of oxidative reduction reactions in which one atom or molecule loses electrorone to another atom or molecule. In electrochemical reactions, atoms or molecules are relatively far apart in response compared to other reactions, forcing the transferred electrons to travel over a larger distance and thus producing electricity. Many natural phenomena are based on electrochemical processes such as metal corrosion, the ability of some marine creatures to create electric fields and the functioning of nervous systems of humans and other animals. They also play an important role in modern technology, the most important in the storage of electricity in batteries and the electrochemical process called electrolysis is important in the modern industry.
The activity of nervous systems, from simple reactions and instinctive behavior that occurs in both primitive animals to complex abilities appliedThe reasoning of human beings depends on electrochemical processes. Neurons use electrochemical processes to transmit information through the nervous system, allowing the nervous system to communicate with itself and the rest of the body. To send the signal, chemical processes in neuron create an electrical pulse, which is sent by an extended structure called axon until it reaches the synapse, contact between neuron and neighboring cells. In the synapses, electricity causes the release of chemicals called neurotransmitters that pass the signal synapses to the cell. Neurotransmitters then chemically connect with structures called receptors on the target cells and issue other biochemical processes in it.
The ability of fish, such as the electrical eel, stars and torpedo beams for the production of electric fields, are the result of an electrochemical process. Electric fish have specialized cells called electrocytes. Transport proteins bind with positive potassium and sodium ions in cellE and carries and create an electric charge in the cell. If this electricity is needed, the part of the nervous system called the Medular command core sends an electrical pulse to other nerve cells, triggering the release of the neurotransmitter acetylcholine. Neurotransmitter bonds with acetylcholin electrocyte receptors, which triggers the release of electrocytes.
electrical batteries use electrochemical processes to store and release electricity. Chemical reactions in electric cells forming the battery form the difference between the two halves of each cell and create an electric current. Rechargeable batteries produce electricity with chemical reactions that are reversible, and thus can be returned to its original chemical configuration if electricity is applied from the external source. The reactions in non -proechargable batteries do not have this quality, although they usually produce more electricity than the rechargeable batteries can provide in one charge.
in batteries is used a number of different chemicalCH reactions. Nickel-cadmia batteries, commonly used in lights and domestic devices, are based on separate reactions of cadmium and nickel with alkaline, usually a solution of potassium hydroxide (KOH) and water. Nickel hydride batteries are similar, but replace the cadmium intermetallic compound made of manganese, aluminum or cobalt mixed with metals of rare soil, such as Praseodymium, Lanthanum and Cerium. Lithium batteries can use different reactions involving lithium compounds, with the most common type using manganese oxide (MNO 2 ) and lithium chloristan solution (Liclo and propylene carbonate (C 4 h 6 3 ).
electrolysis is an electrochemical process in which an electric current is used to start chemical reactions in a substance containing free ions called electrolyte. The electrolyte is either melted or dissolved in the solvent andTwo electrodes called the anode and the cathode are immersed in it. When electrical potential is used between the electrodes, electricity begins to flow between them and each electrode begins to attract the ions the opposite of its own charge. Ions acquire or lose electrons on electrodes, causing oxidation of molecules near the anode and reduction of those approaching the cathode. Electrolysis is used in many areas of industrial processes, including metallurgy, chemical production such as potassium and (kclo 3 ) trifluorocetic acid (c 2 3 2 ) and magnesium.