What is the Most Poisonous Animal?
Marine toxic animals are marine animals that contain toxins that can be fatal or pathogenic to humans and other organisms. There are now more than 1,000 species of marine poisonous animals, widely distributed in various sea areas of the world. They belong to marine invertebrates and marine vertebrates, respectively.
Marine poisonous animal
Mainly some species of gastropods and bivalves. Its toxins are divided into two types: one is that molluscs ingest toxic substances and harm humans and other organisms through the marine food chain; The former type, such as bivalvia, ingested saxitoxin-containing dinoflagellates. People who eat these shellfish by accident will be poisoned, begin to itch their face, and then numb; in severe cases, they may lose balance, lose sight, or even stop breathing and die.
Puffer fish
Mainly some species in the order of starfish, sea urchin and sea cucumber. Starfish's toxin invades the human body, causing severe pain; a mucinous toxin secreted by the skin glands of the starfish can paralyze animals such as crustaceans and shellfish for food. A few sea urchins have poisonous ovaries. They are poisoned after eating in spring and summer, and symptoms of vomiting and diarrhea occur. Most of the sea urchin spines are toxic. For example, after being injured by a fork spine of the Toxopneustidae, severe pain, coma, and death have been recorded. Sea cucumbers have epidermal glands that secrete toxins. For example, the sea cucumber toxin contained in the American ginseng (Thelenota) is concentrated in the Cuvifolia organs of the internal organs. If people eat the toxic internal organs by mistake, they will be poisoned.
Marine poisonous vertebrate poisonous fish can be divided into toxin fish and stinging fish.
Toxin fish. There are more than 600 species in the world's oceans, and 170 in China
I species. It usually contains toxins in muscle, internal organs, skin or blood. It is stable in toxicity and is not easily damaged by heating and gastric juice. Includes two types: (i) botulinum fish. There are many species, mainly including Murrayidae, Lutjanidae, Lethrinidae, Acanthuridae, Gempylidae, etc., which are distributed in more than 300 species. Tropical and subtropical waters of the world. About 30 species in China, produced in the South China Sea and
Box of jellyfish
South China Sea. The toxic mechanism of botulinum fish is very complicated. Some fish are non-toxic in some areas but toxic in other areas; some are usually non-toxic and toxic during the reproductive season; some are young Fish is non-toxic and adult is toxic. It is generally believed that the formation of this toxoid is related to feeding habits. For example, phytophagous botulinum fish eat toxic algae and accumulate toxins in the body. When they are captured by carnivorous fierce fish, the toxins are transferred to carnivorous fish . People eat poisoning after eating it by mistake. The toxin in botulinum fish is called "cigar toxin". (Ii) Poisonous fish. Distributed in temperate and tropical seas, a few species can enter the estuary, or inhabit freshwater during reproduction. The typical representative of the genus Fugu (Tetraodontidae) in the family Tetraodontidae, whose internal organs contain highly toxic, can cause death by accidental eating of humans and animals. The venom content of oriental salamander varies according to location and season. The ovaries, liver and gallbladder are highly toxic, followed by kidney, skin and blood (some species are non-toxic). The testes and meat are generally weak or non-toxic (see table). Every spring, the most toxic during spawning. The internal organs must be strictly removed when eating.
Lionfish
Stinging fish. There are more than 500 species in the world and more than 100 species in China, of which marine fish account for about 65%. Fish has poisonous spines and poisonous glands that can endanger human life, but its venom is generally unstable and can be damaged by heating and gastric juice. Most of these fish live in benthic habitats, lurking in rock cracks, coral reefs, algae bushes or beach sediments, and their body color is often similar to the surrounding environment. There are two groups of marine stinger fish in China: cartilaginous fish, horned shark, and silver pheasant. There are more than 30 species. They are the main representatives. They have tail thorns containing toxic glandular tissues, and their toxins can affect the central nervous system, circulatory system and respiratory system of humans. Toxins are the typical representative. Most of the dorsal, anal, and ventral fin spines contain poisonous glandular tissues. The secreted toxins can paralyze skeletal muscles, smooth muscles, and myocardium, causing severe pain. (See color picture)
Poisonous reptiles Sea snakes are the only poisonous reptiles in the ocean, with more than 50 species. They are distributed in tropical and subtropical waters and are mainly produced in the South China Sea in China (see color chart).
There are four main types of toxins in sea snakes: Neurotoxins can cause paralysis and cause death. Lecithin, plays a role in destroying red blood cells. anticoagulant enzyme, can prevent plasma coagulation. Hyaluronidase, which acts as a diffuse toxin. The lethal amount of sea snake toxin varies depending on the species, and is generally 3 to 10 mg. Usually each sea snake contains up to 10-50 mg (dry weight) of toxins. So the mortality rate after being bitten is very high, and it can die within hours. But injection of anti-venom serum can cure quickly.
