What is the Periodic Table of the Elements?

The periodic table of chemical elements is a list of chemical elements sorted in ascending order of atomic number. The list is generally rectangular, with spaces in certain element periods, so that elements with similar characteristics fall into the same group, such as alkali metal elements, alkaline earth metals, halogen elements, rare gases, etc. This makes the periodic table form element divisions and is divided into seven main family, seven sub-family, Dai family, 0 family. Because the periodic table can accurately predict the characteristics of various elements and their relationships, it is widely used in chemistry and other scientific fields as a very useful framework for analyzing chemical behavior.

Periodic table

(A list of chemical elements summarized by the Russian chemist Mendeleev)

cycle

IVB

IVA

Atomic number

symbol

Chinese

pronunciation

relative atomic mass

Valence electron

Common valence

classification

English name

Introduction

hydrogen

qng

1.008

1s ¹

+1, -1

Main family

Non-metal

Hydrogen

Group IA (alkali metal)

Alkali metal element	Color and status	Density (× 10³kg / m³)	Melting point ()	Boiling point ()
Hydrogen (not an alkali metal)	Colorless, gas	0.0000899	-259.125	-252.882
lithium	Silvery white, soft	0.534	180.5	1347
sodium	Silvery white, soft	0.97	97.81	882.9
Potassium	Silvery white, soft	0.86	63.65	774
rubidium	Silver-gold, soft	1.532	38.89	688
cesium	Golden, soft	1.879	28.40	678.4
francium	Red, soft	1.87	27	677

1. Reducibility; Li <Na <K <Rb <Cs

2. Oxidation: Li> Na> K> Rb> Cs

3. Alkali metal element can react with water or oxygen to form alkali or basic oxide

4. Hydrogen is not an alkali metal originally, but it belongs to this table because it belongs to group IA

Group A (alkaline earth metal)

Alkaline earth metal element	Color and status	Density (× 10³kg / m³)	Melting point ()	Boiling point ()
beryllium	Steel gray, harder	1.848	1278	2970 (pressurized)
magnesium	Silvery white, soft	1.738	648.9	1090
calcium	Silvery white, soft	1.550	839	1484
strontium	Silvery white, soft	2.540	769 (pressurized)	1384
barium	Silvery white, soft	3.594	729	1637
radium	Silvery white, soft	5	700	1737

Group IIIB (excluding lanthanide and actinide)

IIIB elemental element	colour	Density (× 10³kg / m³)	Melting point ()	Boiling point ()
scandium	silver white	2.985	1541	2830
yttrium	gray	4.4689	1522	3338

Lanthanide

Lanthanide element	colour	Density (× 10³kg / m³)	Melting point ()	Boiling point ()
lanthanum	silver white	6.7	920	3469
cerium	gray	6.9	799	3426
praseodymium	Silver grey	6.7	935	3212
neodymium	Silver grey	7.0	1024	3074
Promethium	/	6.5	1042	3000
samarium	silver white	7.5	1072	1791
europium	silver white	5.0	826	1596
gadolinium	silver white	7.9	1313	3266
terbium	Silver grey	8.2	1356	3230
dysprosium	silver white	8.5	1412	2562
holmium	Silver	8.8	1474	2695
erbium	silver white	9.0	1529	2863
thulium	silver white	9.3	1545	1947
ytterbium	silver white	7.0	824	1193
Lutetium	Silver grey	9.8	1656	3315

B family

Elemental element	colour	Density (× 10³kg / m³)	Melting point ()	Boiling point ()
titanium	silver white	4.5	1660	3287
zirconium	silver white	6.5	1852	4377
hafnium	silver white	13.3	2227	4602

B family

Elemental element	colour	Density (× 10³kg / m³)	Melting point ()	Boiling point ()
vanadium	silver white	6.1	1890	3380
niobium	silver white	8.6	2468	4742
Tantalum	silver white	16.6	2996	5425

Group VIB

Elemental element	colour	Density (× 10³kg / m³)	Melting point ()	Boiling point ()
chromium	silver white	7.2	1857	2642
molybdenum	Silver	10.2	2610	4615
Tungsten	Silver	19.3	3410	5555

B family

Elemental element	colour	Density (× 10³kg / m³)	Melting point ()	Boiling point ()
manganese	silver white	7.44	1246	2061
Technetium	Silver	11.487	2157	4877
rhenium	Silver	21.04	3180	5627

Elemental element	colour	Density (× 10³kg / m³)	Melting point ()	Boiling point ()
iron	silver white	7.86	1535	2861
cobalt	Silver grey	8.9	1495	2527
nickel	silver white	8.9	1453	2913
ruthenium	silver white	12.3	2334	4150
rhodium	Silver	12.41	1966	3695
palladium	Silver	12.02	1552	2963
osmium	Silver grey	22.48	3027	5012
iridium	silver white	22.421	2443	4428
platinum	silver white	21.45	1772	3825

IB family

Elemental element	colour	Density (× 10³kg / m³)	Melting point ()	Boiling point ()
copper	Fuchsia	8.92	1084.6	2562
silver	silver white	10.5	961	2162
gold	Golden	19.3	1046.68	2856

B family

Elemental element	colour	Density (× 10³kg / m³)	Melting point ()	Boiling point ()
Zinc	silver white	7.14	419.6	907
cadmium	Silver grey	8.65	320.9	765
HG	silver white	13.59	-38.87	356.6

A family

Elemental element	colour	Density (× 10³kg / m³)	Melting point ()	Boiling point ()
boron	black	2.34	2076	3927
aluminum	silver white	2.7	660	2327
gallium	silver white	5.904	29.76	2403
indium	silver white	7.31	156.2	2080
thallium	silver white	11.85	308.5	1457

IVA family

Elemental element	colour	Density (× 10³kg / m³)	Melting point ()	Boiling point ()
carbon	Black (graphite, carbon black, etc.) Or colorless (diamond)	2.267	3550	4827
silicon	black	2.33	1414	2900
germanium	silver white	5.35	938.25	2833
tin	silver white	7.28	231.89	2260
lead	silver white	11.3437	327.502	1749

A family

Elemental element	colour	Density (× 10³kg / m³)	Melting point ()	Boiling point ()
nitrogen	colorless	0.0012506	-209.86	-195.8
phosphorus	Yellow-white (white phosphorus)	1.828	44.1	280.5
phosphorus	Crimson (red phosphorus)	2.34	280	590
arsenic	Gray black (gray arsenic)	5.73	817	614 (sublimation)
antimony	silver white	6.697	630.63	1587
bismuth	Silvery white, because the oxide film is often colored	9.78	271	1564

Group VIA

Elemental element	colour	Density (× 10³kg / m³)	Melting point ()	Boiling point ()
oxygen	colorless	0.00143	-217.65	-182.95
sulfur	Light yellow	2.07	115.36	444.6
selenium	Red (red selenium)	4.81	221	685
tellurium	silver white	8.24	449.65	988
polonium	silver white	9.4	254	962

A group (halogen)

Elemental element	colour	Density (× 10³kg / m³)	Melting point ()	Boiling point ()
fluorine	Light yellow-green	0.0017	-219.52	-188.12
chlorine	green	0.00321	-100.84	-34.04
bromine	maroon	3.119	-7.1	58.8
iodine	Purple black	4.93	113.5	184.3
Astatine	?	10	302	370

Group 0 (rare gas)

Elemental element	colour	Glow color after power on	Density (× 10³kg / m³)	Melting point ()	Boiling point ()
helium	colorless	purple	0.00013	-272.98 (pressurized)	-268.93
neon	colorless	red	0.0009	-248.45	-246.08
Argon	colorless	sky blue	0.00178	-189.19	-185.95
krypton	colorless	light red	0.00374	-157.22	-153.22
xenon	colorless	white	0.00589	-111.7	-108.12
radon	colorless	?	0.00973	-71	-61.7

1. due to

IUPAC nomenclature

Valence memory

Monovalent potassium hydrofluoride sodium silver divalent barium calcium magnesium zinc

Trialuminum, four silicon, pentavalent phosphorus, two four six sulfur two four carbon

One, two, copper, mercury, two iron, one hundred fifty-seven chlorine

Ortho-copper hydrogen potassium sodium silver ortho-copper magnesium calcium barium zinc

Three aluminum four silicon four six sulfur two four five nitrogen three five phosphorus

One five seven chlorine two three iron two four six seven manganese is positive

Carbon has positive four and positive two, keep the negative price in mind

N-Bromoiodine

Silver monohydrogen and potassium sodium dicalcium magnesium barium zinc mercury and copper

Aluminum three, silicon four, ferrous two, iron three

Chlorine at the last negative monovalent oxygen and sulfur at the last negative divalent

Do not forget the unit price is zero

Hydrogen positive one oxygen negative two

Monovalent potassium sodium silver divalent barium magnesium zinc calcium

Trivalent aluminum-iron variable price

Copper-mercury divalent is the most common

Potassium, sodium, hydrogen, silver, calcium, barium, magnesium, zinc

Aluminum positive trioxane negative dichloride common negative one

Sulfur negative two positive four six iron have positive two three

One, two, two, two and four carbons will always return to zero ^[23]

Elemental Nature Recipes

I'm hydrogen, I'm the lightest, rockets rely on me to transport satellites;

I'm helium, I'm rogue, I have the most gains and losses with electrons;

I am lithium, with low density, soaking in water and acid;

I'm beryllium, and I'm so skinny, although it's hard to ionize metal;

I am boron, the electron is poor, I am very different from my family;

I am carbon, and the reaction is slow, which can form both chains and loops;

I am nitrogen, I am flame retardant, and hydrogenation can synthesize ammonia;

I am oxygen, don't worry, I will panic when I leave;

I'm fluorine, the most vicious, just grab an electron to satisfy;

I m neon, and it s not bad.

I'm sodium, I have a bad temper, and I get angry when I get sour and water;

I am magnesium, my favorite is beauty, photography fireworks shine;

I'm aluminum, bathe at room temperature and concentrated sulfuric acid;

I'm silicon, black and gray, and information elements pile me up;

I'm Phosphorus, harmful, and my name is on the poisonous list;

I am sulfur and have a long history. I am the best at precipitating metals;

I'm chlorine, yellow-green, and I grab the metal electronics;

I m argon, my activity is poor, I ll send neon purple light;

I am potassium, add fire and superoxide;

I am calcium, body love, bones and teeth I am all there;

I'm , wide temperature resistance, I will help with high temperature alloys;

I'm titanium, the transition is coming, and the shuttle is coming to cover;

I am vanadium. I am troubled by acid and alkali.

I m chrome, regular hexachrome, and the alcohol is green.

I am manganese, the valence is wide, and the seven oxides explode;

I'm iron, use it more, stainless steel calls me yell;

I'm cobalt, blue mother, and cancer requires sixty cobalt;

Traditional Chinese Periodic Table

I am nickel, rust-free iron, and nickel-titanium alloy can remember;

I'm copper, the color is purple-red, and the nitrate gas is brown-red;

I am zinc, I must be a person, and I make great achievements in my body;

I am gallium and it is easy to melt.

I am germanium, can be a lattice, the infrared window can be used as a shell;

I am arsenic, the color is dark, the trivalent element wins your soul;

I'm selenium, tonic, I have mystery in the oral solution;

I am bromine, volatile odor, liquid non-gold I come to show;

I'm a tadpole, very Nike.

I m a tadpole, an alkali metal, not so good as potassium in fireworks;

I'm Strontium, Celestite, 87 Sr. Physician;

I am yttrium, it is difficult to separate, I am in a special alloy;

I'm zirconium, the melting point is high, there are a lot of zirconium in the stone;

I am niobium and can inhale. The network makes me NB;

I am molybdenum, like graphite, and raise the recrystallization temperature;

I'm a puppet, can emit, I don't get inside the crust;

I am ruthenium, and the amount is very small, and I deserve it.

I am rhodium, I have good gloss and good corrosion resistance;

I'm palladium. If I pull hydrogen, I will break it after absorbing hydrogen.

I am silver, not human, only fluorinated nitric acid;

I was cadmium, polluted, and Japan was so pained that year;

I am indium, soft as gold, so be careful of slight radiation;

I'm tin, in the hardware, fused with lead to form solder;

I am antimony, not Sb, although the antimony pot is aluminum;

I'm tellurium, low toxicity, metal and non-gold;

I'm iodine, sublimation smoke, and I encountered starchy blue dots;

I'm xenon, I'm very strange, I will fill the artificial sun;

I'm cesium, golden yellow, and the container broke when it exploded into water;

I'm barium, barium sulfate, which can be used to check the stomach;

We are lanthanides, all of them are rare;

lanthanum! cerium! praseodymium! Industrial vitamins

Neodymium can be used to make magnets;

Radon is radioactive;

samarium! europium! gadolinium! terbium! Alloy is strange

And

I'm , laugh haha, I'm a family with zirconium ore;

I am tantalum and can resist acid.

I am tungsten, high temperature, other metals are whining early;

I am puppet, catalyzing love, I suck in hydrogen;

I am thorium, combined with iridium, it is wear-resistant for a hundred years;

I'm iridium and I make a pen, only one tenth of a million;

I'm platinum, it's very expensive, and the content is thinner than gold;

I am gold, very stable, thrown into Wang Shuiying invisible;

I am mercury, I have pain inhaling, and I can understand the temperature;

I am a tadpole, can lose hair, it is poisonous;

I am lead, it can store electricity, and it appears in the bullet;

I am bismuth, with a half-life greater than the age of the universe;

I am plutonium, nuclear energy is broken, I have a lot of alpha particles;

I'm a puppet, very rarely, it's hard to find me;

I am a puppet, and in radiation, I create a vacuum in three days;

I'm a puppet, artificial, I die in three minutes;

I am radium, tired for thousands of years, I have disappeared cancer cells;

We are inseparable.

Huh! thorium! protactinium! Hang Fei as a heat source;

Uranium-made atomic bombs are great;

also makes bombs;

Huh! Huh! curium! Huh! Make a nuclear reactor

And

Plus us, we are all overweight;

, , , , , , , , , , , , , , , Ishida, Kiyo.

Main family elements are smooth

Lithium sodium hydrogen, potassium and cesium

Beryllium magnesium calcium strontium barium radium-comparable to Gates mine

Boron, aluminum, gallium, indium, gadolinium

Carbon, silicon, germanium, tin, lead

Nitrogen, phosphorus, arsenic, antimony, bismuth-eggs close to the body

Oxysulfur, selenium, tellurium, thorium

Flurochlorobromide--Father and Daughter Embroider Some Love

Helium, Neon, Argon, Xenon, Thoron

IN OTHER LANGUAGES

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What is the Periodic Table of the Elements?

Periodic table

(A list of chemical elements summarized by the Russian chemist Mendeleev)

IN OTHER LANGUAGES

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