What is the Seebeck effect?
Seebeck effect describes the thermoelectric phenomenon by which the temperature differences between two different metals in the circuit convert to electricity.
In 1821, the Seebeck effect is one of the three reversible phenomena describing similar processes regarding thermoelectric, conductivity and temperature. The Peltier effect was first observed in 1834 and Thomson's effect was first explained in 1851. In 1821, Seebeck found that the perimeter made of two different metals was doing electricity if there were two places where metals are joined at different temperatures. Seebeck placed a compass near the perimeter he built and noticed that the needle had diverted. He found that the size of the deflection increased with increasing temperature difference. Its experiments also noted that the distribution of temperature along the metal wires had a compass. However, changing the types of metals he used changed the size that the needle diverted.
Seebeck coefficient is a number describing the voltage produced between two points on the wires where betweenPoints are uniform temperature difference of 1 degree Kelvin. Metals in Seebeck's experiments responded to temperatures and created a current loop in the circuit and magnetic field. He did not know about the electric current at that time, Seebeck missed the thermomagnetic effect.
In 1834, French scientist Jean Charles Athanase Peltier (1784-1845) described the second narrowly related phenomena, now known as Peltier Effect. In his Peltier experiment, he changed the voltage between metal wires and found that the temperature on each connection had changed proportionally. In 1839, German scientist Heinrich Lenz (1804-1865) extended to the discovery of the Peltier and described the transfer of heat at intersections depending on the direction that flows along the perimeter. While these two experiments were focused on different parts of the perimeter and thermoelectric effects, they are often referred to as Seebeck-Peltier effect or Peltier-Seebeck effect.
In 1851, British physicist William Thomson (1824-1907), later known as the first Baron Kelvin, noted that heating or cooling a single type of metal conductor from electricity. Thomson's effect describes the rate of heat generated or absorbed in a jet metal or other conductive material, subject to a temperature gradient.
Thermocoy thermometers are tools for electrical engineering based on Measurement of Seebeck and Peltier and Thompson effects. Thermometers operate by converting the difference in thermal potential as opposed to electrical potential.