What is Thermal Equilibrium?

Thermal equilibrium refers to the condition where the internal temperature of an object in contact with the outside world is uniform everywhere and equal to the outside temperature. In thermal equilibrium, there is no heat exchange between the various parts of the object and between the object and the outside world. In thermal engineering and chemistry, if the heat absorbed and released by an object at the same time exactly cancels, it is also said that the object is in thermal equilibrium.

Provided that there is no heat transfer between the parts that make up a single system, and there is no heat transfer to the outside world, the system is in thermal equilibrium. At this time, the temperature of each part in the system is equal and equal to the external temperature. In thermal equilibrium, there is no heat exchange between the various parts of the object and between the object and the outside world. In thermal engineering and chemistry, if the heat absorbed and released by an object at the same time exactly cancels, it is also said that the object is in thermal equilibrium. ^[1]

A system in an arbitrary equilibrium state, in the absence of macro work, depends on the system's direct interaction with the outside world to change the state of the system.

If there are three A, B, C

Q put = Q suck.

First find out which ways the system absorbs heat, and then make a quantitative analysis; then find out which ways the system emits heat, and make a quantitative analysis; finally, use the formula of the system's thermal equilibrium Q release = Q absorption to find out how the system absorbs or releases heat through a certain path.

Heat balance calculation is usually widely used in areas requiring thermal analysis such as heat and mass transfer, cooling and heating, and boiler calculation.

Thermal balance of the body

Equilibrium is the heat production and heat dissipation of an animal. The animal body continuously generates heat and heat during normal metabolism. As mammals and poultry that are thermostatic animals, the heat radiation and heat production must be balanced to maintain a relatively constant body temperature and ensure that the organs and tissues of the body perform normal physiological functions. .

Thermal equilibrium

The electrons in a semiconductor are in a certain energy band, but only the electrons in the conduction band and the holes in the valence band can participate in conduction, which are called carriers. Under the condition of constant temperature, the number of electron-hole pairs generated in a unit time is equal to the number of electron-hole pairs that disappear and recombine in a unit time. At this time, the electron-hole concentration in the semiconductor is maintained constant, which is called thermal equilibrium. ^[3]