What Is 3D Laser Scanning?

Three-dimensional laser scanning technology, also called real-world replication technology, is a technological revolution in the field of surveying and mapping following GPS technology. It breaks through the traditional single-point measurement method and has the unique advantages of high efficiency and high accuracy. The 3D laser scanning technology can provide 3D point cloud data for scanning the surface of the object, so it can be used to obtain high-resolution and high-resolution digital terrain models.

3D laser scanner

Three-dimensional laser scanning technology, also called real-world replication technology, is a technological revolution in the field of surveying and mapping following GPS technology. It breaks through the traditional single-point measurement method and has the unique advantages of high efficiency and high accuracy. The 3D laser scanning technology can provide 3D point cloud data for scanning the surface of the object, so it can be used to obtain high-resolution and high-resolution digital terrain models.

Chinese name

3D laser scanner

Foreign name

3d laser scanner

Alias

Real-world replication technology

Features

Unique advantages of high efficiency and high precision

Use

Get high-resolution high-resolution digital terrain models

Three-dimensional laser scanning technology is a high-tech that began to appear in the mid-1990s, and is a new breakthrough in mapping technology after GPS spatial positioning system. It uses a high-speed laser scanning measurement method to quickly obtain three-dimensional coordinate data of the surface of the measured object with high resolution in a large area. It can quickly and massively collect spatial point information, and provides a brand-new technical means for quickly establishing a three-dimensional image model of an object. Because of its fastness, non-contact, real-time, dynamic, active, high density, high precision, digitization, automation and other characteristics, its application and promotion is likely to cause another revolution in measurement technology like GPS.

Three-dimensional laser scanning technology is a new technology that has appeared in recent years, and has attracted more and more attention in the research field in China. It is based on the principle of laser ranging. By recording the 3D coordinates, reflectance and texture of a large number of dense points on the surface of the measured object, it can quickly reconstruct the 3D model of the measured object, as well as lines, areas, and volumes. Kind of map data. Because the three-dimensional laser scanning system can densely acquire a large number of data points of the target object, compared to the traditional single-point measurement, the three-dimensional laser scanning technology is also known as a revolutionary technological breakthrough from single-point measurement evolution to surface measurement. This technology has also made many attempts in the areas of cultural relics and historic sites protection, architecture, planning, civil engineering, factory reconstruction, interior design, building monitoring, traffic accident handling, legal evidence collection, disaster assessment, ship design, digital city, military analysis, etc. Application and exploration. The three-dimensional laser scanning system includes a hardware part for data acquisition and a software part for data processing. According to different carriers, three-dimensional laser scanning systems can be divided into airborne, vehicle, ground and handheld types.

Apply scanning technology to measure the size and shape of the workpiece to work. It is mainly used in reverse engineering, responsible for surface copying and 3D measurement of workpieces. For existing 3D objects (samples or models), without the technical documentation, it can quickly measure the contour data of objects, and construct, edit, modify Generate surface digitized models in a common output format.

By measurement

Base

As a new high-tech product, 3D laser scanners have been successfully used in heritage conservation, urban building surveying, topographic surveying, mining, deformation monitoring, factories, large structures, pipeline design, aircraft and ship manufacturing, highway and railway construction, tunnel engineering, Application in bridge reconstruction and other fields. 3D laser scanner, whose scanning results are directly displayed as point clouds (pointcloud means the result of countless points presenting objects in a computer with measurement rules). Spatial point cloud data obtained using 3D laser scanning technology can quickly build complex structures 3D visualization models of irregular scenes save time and effort. This ability is unmatched by current 3D modeling software.

System composition of vehicle 3D laser scanner

In recent years, three-dimensional laser scanners have evolved from stationary to moving directions. The most representative are vehicle-mounted three-dimensional laser scanners and airborne three-dimensional lidars.

Car 3D laser scanner

The system sensor part of the vehicle 3D laser scanner is integrated on a transition board that can be firmly connected to a common roof rack or a custom part. The stand can adjust the attitude or position of the laser sensor head, digital camera, IMU and GPS antenna respectively. The high-strength structure is sufficient to ensure that the relative attitude and position relationship between the sensor head and the navigation device is stable.

Road and highway applications:

Schematic of vehicle 3D scanning

1. Highway measurement, maintenance and survey

2. Inventory of highway assets (traffic signs, noise barriers, guardrails, sewer crossings, drainage ditches, etc.)

3. Highway inspection (rut, road surface, road deformation)

4. Highway geometric model (horizontal and longitudinal section analysis)

5. Structural analysis (overpass)

6. Flood analysis and analysis

7. Overlay Analysis in GIS System

8. Landslide analysis, hazard assessment (deformation measurement and hazard analysis of landslide, talc and flowing water analysis)

9. Traffic flow analysis, safety assessment and environmental pollution assessment

10. Earthwork volume analysis

11. Driving vision and safety analysis

Airborne laser 3D radar system

Airborne laser three-dimensional radar system (Light Detection And Ranging (LiDAR for short) is a combination of laser scanner (Scanner), global positioning system (GPS) and inertial navigation system (INS) and high-resolution digital cameras. Opto-mechatronics integrated system, used to obtain laser point cloud data and generate accurate digital elevation models (DEM), DSM (digital surface models), and simultaneously obtain object DOM (digital orthophoto) information, Processing, you can get a real three-dimensional scene graph.

What are the characteristics of the 2nd and 3rd generation 3D scanners?

The first generation is characterized by point-by-point scanning, which is slow. Such as the coordinate measuring machine CMM. This type of scanner is the earliest developed, with precision of micron level.
The second generation is characterized by line-by-line scanning, and the speed is still slow. Laser line scanners such as this type of scanner were developed in the 1990s with precision silk.
The third generation is characterized by surface scanning, which is very fast. This type of scanner was developed in the 1920s. The accuracy is 0.1mm

What are the main features of 3DS 3D scanners?

· Measure one surface at a time, the scanning speed is extremely fast, more than 1 million points can be obtained in a few seconds · Portable, can be moved to the scene for measurement )
Large measuring rangeLow accuracy: 0.1mm
The measurement points are distributed very regularly.

Airborne 3D scanning results (2 photos)