What are the Different Police Officer Careers?

The term police refers to the state and its rulers, the police organs and their police officers set up according to the will of the state and the class of rulers in accordance with certain standards. Generally refers to state public officials who perform police functions and perform police duties in police agencies in accordance with the nature of armed forces to maintain national security and social order.

Policemen

(A world-wide occupation for law and order)

In ancient literature records, there have long been records of the words "police" and "cha".

"Police" has the following meanings:

1. Alert, especially military alert. "Turn Left and Twelve Years of Xuan Gong" reads: "The military and the police are not thorough."

2. Situations or messages requiring alert. In Fang Bao's "Legends of Zuo Zhongyi," there is: "Monthly police, do not go to bed for a few days."

3. Warnings and cautions.

Police class

The police came along with the birth of the state. The function of the police is to maintain national security and social order, and to prevent and punish all criminals who endanger national security and interests. The police is an important state machine for the country to implement management and an important tool for ruling class rule. In fact, the manifestation of the police function is the concrete realization of the will of the ruling class. So the police are a product of class society.

Police armed

The police is different from public officials in other countries. The police are armed and implemented by the state.

American police

One of the important tools of dictatorship is the defender and concrete implementer of the will of the ruling class.
In a class society, the will and interests of the ruling class are achieved through violence. The police shoulders the mission of maintaining national security and social order, and its power content reflects that the police must inevitably violently conflict with criminals who endanger national security and social order in the performance of their duties. And this confrontation requires the police to adopt special means, to give the police special rights through national laws, to enjoy the right to use weapons and equip corresponding police equipment. On the one hand, it is to ensure that the police can fully and effectively exercise police powers and perform police duties; on the other hand, it is also one of the important means to maintain national security and social order.

Duality of police status

The authority of the police department is realized by the specific implementation of the behavior of police personnel. The police exercise the power of criminal investigation and execution of some criminal cases on behalf of the state according to law, and exercise the power of public security administration. Therefore, the police are first required to have the status of national public officials. In this way, they can enjoy the rights of state public officials according to law and be able to assume the obligations of state public officials. Secondly, due to the special nature of police powers, the police's rights are exercised and police obligations are fulfilled. In addition to being a national public official, they must also be police officers. Constrained by police powers and duties and police discipline. That is, the qualifications for serving as a police officer, police powers, police security, police discipline, police duties, and so on. So police officers have a dual role in exercising power on behalf of the state.

Police service

In addition to the dictatorship functions of police officers in accordance with the law, some legal provisions also define the police service functions. For example, police are required to participate in rescue and disaster relief and social service activities. And with the continuous development and progress of society, the police's service functions are being further strengthened. The implementation of administrative management by police agencies is also a reflection of serving the society in a certain sense. Administration is management, and management is essentially a social service.

Police status and role

Police status. The police is one of the important tools for the ruling class in a class society to realize dictatorship. It is a component of the state machine and the executor of the will of the state. The coexistence and death of the police and the state. As long as the country exists and the ruling class needs to complete its form of organization and management, the police must be a violent tool for maintaining the ruling class's rule.
The establishment of the police and its police actions are realized in accordance with the will and interests of the ruling class, relying on the state as its backing. Lenin pointed out: "The standing army and the police are important tools of state power. (Lenin Vol. 25, p. 377) The main task of the police is to fight against hostile forces and criminals who endanger national security and social order. The police It is relying on violence to maintain national security and social order. The armed nature of the police is essentially a manifestation of the police's violent role. Therefore, the police and the army together constitute the two major forces to defend national security and maintain social order.

Chinese police

2. The role of the police. The role of the police is the concrete manifestation of police behavior in safeguarding national security and maintaining social order. The role of the police is determined by the legal status and nature of the police in the country, and it is a faithful executor and defender of the will of the ruling class in power.
The police are a violent tool for national security. The state gives the police special powers. The police rely on special powers and coercive powers to carry out resolute suppression and sanctions against hostile forces and personnel who threaten the state power and run counter to the will of the ruling class. Fully reflects the dictatorship function of the police in the country's political life.
The police are an important force in maintaining social order. The ruling class has given police management powers in the management of national stability and social order. Through the administrative functions of the police, maintain normal social order and traffic order. It reflects the role of the police in participating in the state's management of society, ensuring national stability and social and political stability.
Prevent, suppress and punish illegal and criminal activities. Strictly cracking down on various illegal and criminal activities is a concrete manifestation of the functions of police forces in social management activities and an important means for the state to maintain social stability and maintain normal work and life order. The police severely crack down on and punish sanctioned offenders and criminals with the purpose of creating a good social appearance and working and living environment, thereby further consolidating the ruling class's ruling position.

Police nature

The nature of the police refers to the essential characteristics of the police themselves. Different types of police embody different class attributes. The nature of the police is the basis for determining the police's tasks, powers, authorities, and obligations, and it is reflected in the law enforcement activities of the police. The nature of the police is mainly manifested in the following aspects:
1. The police are an integral part of the state power. The police is one of the important tools for the ruling class to achieve dictatorship. It is an armed administrative force and criminal justice force that maintains social order and national security in accordance with the will and interests of the ruling class, relying on violence, coercion, and special means. In our country, the people's police is one of the important tools of the people's democratic dictatorship.
2. The police is a state security administrative force with an armed nature. The police is an organized dictatorship function. The police's responsibilities determine that the police are responsible for safeguarding national security and social order. Police behavior is implemented to protect the interests of the ruling class. According to the will of the ruling class, one of the tasks of the police is to fight against all hostile forces and criminals that endanger national security and social order. This behavior is clearly antagonistic. Therefore, it is necessary for the police to be armed with corresponding forces in order to effectively guarantee the completion of the task of fighting hostile forces and criminals. Defeat hostile forces and crime. Therefore, the police's mission and authority determine that the police is an armed state security force.
3. Police activities are implemented by means of national coercive force. All activities carried out by the police in accordance with the law reflect the will of the ruling class, and the actions of the police are state actions. Police activities are irresistible and obedient. Police powers come from the explicit provisions of national laws and regulations. Since the behavior of the police represents the behavior of the state. Therefore, police activities must be backed by the state. Police actions to protect national security and social order must be guaranteed by the state's coercive force.

Police police

The police organs are special organs under the leadership of governments at all levels to protect national security and maintain social order in accordance with the provisions of the Constitution, laws and regulations. The police department has formed a complete organization system from the central to the local.
The nature of the country determines the nature of the police. The nature of the police department determines the nature of the police and its social status. The duties and tasks of the police organs determine their institutions and organizational systems. Provided guarantees for police officers to exercise their powers and perform their duties according to law.

Police task

Police tasks are determined by the nature of the country to which they belong. In accordance with the laws of the country, the police, in order to protect national security, safeguard the interests of the country, maintain and participate in the management of social order, economic order, etc., protect the legitimate rights and interests of citizens, legal persons or other organizations from violations, and prevent, suppress and punish illegal and criminal acts Activities to ensure social stability.

Police chinese police

Types of police in China The police system in China can be divided into two major systems: people's police and armed police (armed police). Because they each have different responsibilities and tasks, in order to facilitate organization and command, they are affiliated with different leading organs. Due to the different nature of the work in the various police systems, they can be further divided into different police types.

Office Building of the Ministry of Public Security of the People's Republic of China

The people's police include the people's police of public security organs, national security organs, prisons and reeducation through labor management institutions, and judicial police of people's courts and people's procuratorates.
The Chinese People's Armed Police Force is one of the armed forces of the People's Republic of China. It belongs to the State Council and is under the dual leadership of the State Council and the Central Military Commission. The State Council is mainly responsible for the daily tasks assigned to the Armed Police Force, the scale and establishment of quotas, command, business construction, and funding support, and to organize and implement leadership of the Armed Police Force through relevant functional departments. Funding for the Armed Police Force is a separate item in state financial expenditure. The Central Military Commission is mainly responsible for the organizational establishment, cadre management, command, training, and political work of the Armed Police Force. It organizes and implements leadership of the Armed Police Force through the four headquarters. In the implementation of public security tasks and related business construction, the Armed Police Headquarters accepts the leadership and command of the Ministry of Public Security, and the Corps and its armed police forces below accept the leadership of public security departments at the same level. According to their work tasks, they can be divided into internal security forces, border defense forces, gold forces, hydropower forces, and riot forces (special police).

Police Police Act

(Adopted at the Twelfth Meeting of the Standing Committee of the Eighth National People's Congress on February 28, 1995. Promulgated by Order No. 40 of February 28, 1995, effective February 28, 1995. ^{] [1]}

table of Contents

Chapter I General Provisions

Chapter II Authority

Chapter III Obligations and Disciplines

Chapter IV Organization Management

Chapter V Police Guarantee

Chapter VI Supervision of Law Enforcement

Chapter VII Legal Liability

Chapter VIII Supplementary Provisions

Chapter I General Provisions

Article 1 In order to maintain national security and social order, protect the legitimate rights and interests of citizens, strengthen the building of the people s police force, administer the police strictly, improve the quality of the people s police, ensure the people s police to exercise their powers according to law, and ensure reform and opening up and socialist modernization The construction went smoothly, and this law was enacted in accordance with the Constitution.

Article 2: The tasks of the people's police are to maintain national security, maintain social order, protect the personal safety, personal freedom and legal property of citizens, protect public property, and prevent, suppress and punish illegal and criminal activities. The people's police include the people's police of public security organs, national security organs, prisons, reeducation through labor management organs, and judicial police of people's courts and people's procuratorates.

Article 3. The people's police must rely on the support of the people, maintain close ties with the people, listen to their opinions and suggestions, accept their supervision, safeguard their interests, and serve the people wholeheartedly.

Article 4 The people's police must take the Constitution and the law as its norms of activity, be loyal to their duties, be honest and honest, be disciplined, obey orders, and enforce law strictly.

Article 5 The people's police perform their duties according to law and are protected by law.

Chapter II Authority

Article 6 The people's police of public security organs perform the following duties in accordance with the law in accordance with the division of responsibilities:

(1) preventing, suppressing and detecting illegal and criminal activities;

(2) Maintaining social order and stopping acts that endanger social order;

(3) Maintain traffic safety and traffic order, and handle traffic accidents;

(4) Organizing and implementing fire protection work and implementing fire control supervision;

(5) Management of firearms and ammunition, control knives, and dangerous materials such as flammable and explosive, highly toxic, and radioactive;

(6) Management of special industries provided by laws and regulations;

(7) Guarding specific personnel prescribed by the state and guarding important places and facilities;

(8) to manage assembly, procession, and demonstration activities;

(9) To manage household affairs, nationality, immigration and exit affairs, and foreigners' residence and travel in China;

(10) Maintaining public order in the border areas of the country;

(11) Enforcement of penalties for criminals sentenced to control, detention, and deprivation of political rights, and offenders executed outside prison, and supervision and inspection of criminals who have been sentenced to probation or parole;

(12) to supervise and manage the security protection of computer information systems;

(13) Guide and supervise the public security work of state organs, social organizations, enterprises, institutions and key construction projects, and guide public security work of public security organizations such as public security committees;

(14) Other duties prescribed by laws and regulations.

Article 7 The people's police of a public security organ may implement administrative coercive measures and administrative penalties against individuals or organizations that violate public security management or other public security administrative management laws and regulations.

Article 8 The people's police of public security organs may forcibly leave the scene, detain them in accordance with law, or take other measures required by law to those who seriously endanger public order or threaten public safety.

Article 9 In order to maintain social order, the people s police of public security organs may, on the spot, issue cross-examinations and inspections to persons suspected of violating laws and crimes; upon cross-examinations and inspections, they may be brought to any of the following circumstances: The public security organ, with the approval of the public security organ, continues to question it:

(1) being accused of a criminal act;

(2) suspected of committing crimes on the spot;

(3) If the identity of the suspect is unknown;

(4) The items carried may be stolen.

The time of detention of the interrogated person shall not exceed twenty-four hours from the time it is brought to the public security organ. Under special circumstances, it may be extended to forty-eight hours with the approval of the public security organ at or above the county level, and a cross-examination record shall be kept. In case of approval to continue the cross-examination, the family members or the units where they belong shall be notified immediately. Those who do not approve further interrogation shall immediately release the interrogated person. After continued interrogation, if the public security organ considers that the interrogated person needs to take detention or other coercive measures according to law, a decision should be made within the period specified in the preceding paragraph; if the aforementioned decision cannot be made within the period specified in the preceding paragraph, the interrogated person should be released immediately.

Article 10 In emergencies such as refusal to arrest, riot, prison escape, gun snatching or other acts of violence, the people's police of public security organs may use weapons in accordance with relevant state regulations.

Article 11 In order to prevent the need for serious illegal and criminal activities, the people's police of public security organs may use police equipment in accordance with relevant state regulations.

Article 12: For the needs of investigating criminal activities, the people's police of public security organs may perform detention, search, arrest or other coercive measures in accordance with law.

Article 13 People's policemen of public security organs may, due to the urgent need to perform their duties, give priority to public transportation by presenting the corresponding documents, and they shall have priority when traffic is blocked. Due to the needs of investigating crimes, the public security organs may, when necessary, accord priority to the transportation, communication tools, sites and buildings of the organs, groups, enterprises, institutions, and individuals in accordance with relevant state regulations. They shall be returned promptly after use and appropriate fees shall be paid. If any damage is caused, compensation shall be made.

Article 14 The people's police of a public security organ may adopt protective restraint measures against mental patients who seriously endanger public safety or the personal safety of others. Those who need to be sent to a designated unit or place for guardianship shall report to the public security organ of the people's government at or above the county level for approval and promptly notify their guardians.

Article 15 The public security organs of the people's governments at or above the county level may, in order to prevent and stop acts that seriously endanger public order, restrict the passage or stay of persons and vehicles within a certain area and time, and may implement traffic control when necessary. The people's police of a public security organ may adopt corresponding traffic control measures in accordance with the provisions of the preceding paragraph.

Article 16 For the needs of investigating crimes, public security organs may adopt technical investigation measures after strict approval procedures in accordance with relevant state regulations.

Article 17 The public security organs of the people's governments at or above the county level may, on the basis of the circumstances, implement on-site control of emergencies that seriously endanger the public security order with the approval of the higher-level public security organs and the people's governments at the same level. In accordance with the provisions of the preceding paragraph, the people's police of public security organs can take necessary measures to forcibly disperse, and forcibly remove those who refuse to obey or detain them immediately.

Article 18 The people's police of the state security organs, prisons, and reeducation-through-labor management organs, and the judicial police of the people's courts and people's procuratorates, perform their functions and powers in accordance with the relevant laws and administrative regulations.

Article 19: People's police shall perform their duties during emergencies within the scope of their duties during non-working hours.

Chapter III Obligations and Disciplines

Article 20 The people's police must:

(1) Law enforcement is impartial and fair;

(2) exemplary observance of social morality;

(3) Be courteous to others and be civilized.

(4) Respect the customs and habits of the people.

Article 21 The people's police shall immediately rescue the citizens when their personal and property safety is violated or are in other distress situations; they shall provide assistance to citizens in requesting settlement of disputes; they shall promptly investigate and deal with the police's alarm cases. The people's police shall actively participate in rescue and disaster relief and social welfare work.

Article 22 The people's police must not commit the following acts:

(1) Disseminate statements that are detrimental to the country's reputation, participate in illegal organizations, participate in rallies, processions, demonstrations and other activities aimed at opposing the country, and participate in strikes;

(2) leaking state secrets and secrets of police work;

(3) to falsify, conceal the case, to shield and condone illegal and criminal activities;

(4) Extorting a confession by torture or corporal punishment or ill-treatment;

(5) illegally depriving or restricting the personal freedom of others, and illegally searching other people's bodies, articles, residences or places;

(6) Extortion or extortion or solicitation of bribes;

(7) beating or instigating others;

(8) imposing punishment or charging fees in violation of the law;

(9) accepting gifts from parties and their agents;

(10) engaging in profit-making business activities or being employed by any individual or organization;

(11) Negligence of duties and failure to perform legal obligations;

(12) Other illegal activities.

Article 23 The people's police must dress in accordance with regulations, wear a people's police logo or hold a people's police certificate, maintain strict police integrity, and behave with dignity.

Chapter IV Organization Management

Article 24 The State stipulates the organizational structure and the sequence of duties according to the nature, tasks and characteristics of the people's police.

Article 25 The police rank system is implemented in accordance with the law.

Article 26 To serve as a people's policeman, the following conditions must be met:

(1) Citizens who have reached the age of eighteen;

(2) Supporting the Constitution of the People's Republic of China;

(3) Have good political and professional qualities and good conduct;

(4) good health;

(5) Having education level above high school graduation;

(6) Volunteer people's police work.

Under any of the following circumstances, they may not serve as the people's police:

(1) Having received criminal punishment for a crime;

(2) Those who have been expelled from public office.

Article 27. The employment of the people's police must be conducted in accordance with state regulations, public examinations, strict assessments, and optimal selection.

Article 28 Persons holding leadership positions in the People's Police shall meet the following requirements:

(1) Having legal expertise;

(2) Having experience in political and legal work and certain organizational management and command capabilities;

(3) College degree or above;

(4) Passed the examination after being trained by the People's Police Academy.

Article 29 The state develops the education of the people's police, and systematically educates the people's police on political ideology, the legal system, and police operations.

Article 30 The State stipulates the length of service of different positions and the maximum age of service for different positions according to the nature, tasks and characteristics of the people's police.

Article 31 The people's police, individually or collectively, have performed outstandingly in their work and have made outstanding achievements and special contributions. The reward is divided into: commendation, third-class merit, second-class merit, first-class merit, and honorary title. The rewarded people's police can be promoted in advance and given certain material rewards in accordance with relevant state regulations.

Chapter V Police Guarantee

Article 32 The people's police must implement the decisions and orders of their superiors. If the people's police believes that the decisions and orders are wrong, they can make comments in accordance with the regulations, but must not suspend or change the execution of the decisions and orders. When the opinions put forward are not accepted, they must obey the decisions and orders. And the superior of the order is responsible.

Article 33 The people's police has the right to refuse to execute instructions beyond the scope of the people's police as provided for by laws and regulations, and to report to the higher authorities at the same time.

Article 34 The people's policemen shall perform their duties according to law, and citizens and organizations shall provide support and assistance. The behavior of citizens and organizations assisting the people's police in performing their duties according to law is protected by law. Commend and reward those who have made outstanding achievements in assisting the police in performing their duties. Citizens and organizations that cause people to be injured or lose property due to assisting the people's police in performing their duties shall be compensated or compensated in accordance with relevant state regulations.

Article 35 Anyone who refuses or obstructs the execution of duties by the people's police in accordance with law shall be punished for public security management:

(1) Publicly insulting the people's police who are performing their duties;

(2) Obstructing people's police from investigating and obtaining evidence;

(3) Refusing or obstructing the people's police from entering relevant residences or places in pursuit of hunting, searching, and rescue tasks;

(4) deliberately placing obstacles on police vehicles performing emergency tasks such as rescue, rescue, hunting, and guarding;

(5) Other acts of refusing or obstructing the execution of duties by the people's police. Anyone who commits an act prescribed in the preceding paragraph by means of violence or threats that constitutes a crime shall be investigated for criminal responsibility in accordance with law.

Article 36 The police logo, standard clothing and police equipment of the people's police shall be uniformly produced by the public security department of the State Council and managed by other relevant state organs. Other individuals and organizations shall not manufacture or sell illegally. The police logos, standard clothing, police equipment, and certificates of the people's police are used exclusively by the people's police, and other individuals and organizations must not hold or use them. Violation of the provisions of the preceding two paragraphs, the confiscation of illegally manufactured, sold, held, or used people s police logos, standard clothing, police equipment, and documents shall be detained or warned by public security organs for 15 days or less, and illegal proceeds may be imposed concurrently If the fine constitutes a crime, criminal liability shall be investigated in accordance with the law.

Article 37 The state guarantees funds for the people's police. Funds for the people's police are included in the central and local fiscal budgets in accordance with the principle of division of power.

Article 38 People's governments at all levels shall be included in the capital construction plan and the overall urban and rural construction plan for the construction of communications, training facilities and infrastructure such as transportation, fire protection, police stations, and supervision places necessary for the work of the people's police.

Article 39 The State strengthens the modernization of people's police equipment and strives to promote and apply advanced scientific and technological achievements.

Article 40 The People's Police implements the salary system of state civil servants, and enjoys police rank allowances and other allowances, subsidies, and insurance benefits.

Article 41: People's police officers who are disabled for work enjoy the same benefits and privileges as the state. If the people's police sacrifice or die due to work, their family members enjoy the same benefits and benefits as the state's family members.

Chapter VI Supervision of Law Enforcement

Article 42 In performing their duties, the people's police accept the supervision of the people's procuratorate and administrative supervision organs according to law.

Article 43: The higher level organs of the people's police shall supervise the law enforcement activities of the lower level organs and, if they find that the processing or decision made by them is wrong, they shall be revoked or changed.

Article 44 In performing their duties, the people's police must consciously accept the supervision of society and citizens. Provisions directly related to the public interest made by the people's police organs shall be announced to the public.

Article 45 In handling public security cases, the people's police shall evade in any of the following situations, and the parties or their legal agents shall also have the right to require them to evade:

(1) the party concerned or a close relative of the party;

(2) I or his close relatives have an interest in this case;

(3) Having other relations with the parties to the case, which may affect the fair handling of the case. The withdrawal provided for in the preceding paragraph shall be determined by the relevant public security organ. The withdrawal of the people's police in handling criminal cases shall be governed by the provisions of the Criminal Procedure Law.

Article 46 Citizens or organizations shall have the right to report or sue the people's police for violations of the law or discipline by the people's police or the people's procuratorate or administrative supervision organ. The organ that accepts the report or complaint shall investigate and deal with it in a timely manner, and inform the informant and the complainant of the result of the investigation. No one shall suppress or crack down on retaliation against citizens or organizations that have been reported or prosecuted according to law.

Article 47 The public security organ shall establish an inspection system to supervise the implementation of laws, regulations and compliance with discipline by the police of the public security organ.

Chapter VII Legal Liability

Article 48 Anyone who commits one of the acts listed in Article 22 of this Law shall be given administrative sanctions; those who constitute a crime shall be investigated for criminal responsibility in accordance with law. Administrative sanctions are divided into: warning, demerit, demerit, demotion, dismissal, and dismissal. People's policemen who are subject to administrative sanctions may be lowered or cancelled in accordance with relevant state regulations. People's policemen who violate the discipline may, when necessary, take measures to stop performing their duties and confine them.

Article 49 If a people's policeman uses weapons or police equipment in violation of regulations and constitutes a crime, he shall be investigated for criminal responsibility according to law; if it has not constituted a crime, he shall be given administrative sanctions in accordance with law.

Article 50: In the course of performing their duties, the people's police who infringe upon the legitimate rights and interests of citizens or organizations and cause damage shall be compensated in accordance with the "National Compensation Law of the People's Republic of China" and other relevant laws and regulations.

Chapter VIII Supplementary Provisions

Article 51 The Chinese People's Armed Police Force performs security tasks assigned by the state.

Article 52 This Law shall enter into force on the date of promulgation. The "People's Police of the People's Republic of China" promulgated on June 25, 1957 was repealed at the same time.