What Is a Knowledge Spillover?

The knowledge spillover effect includes knowledge spillover and knowledge transmission, both of which are ways of knowledge diffusion. Knowledge transmission is the duplication of knowledge, while knowledge spillover is the rebuilding of knowledge. The process of knowledge spillover has chain effect, imitation effect, communication effect, competition effect, driving effect, and incentive effect. Both the new economic growth theory and the new trade theory believe that knowledge spillovers are closely related to economic growth. Romer's knowledge spillover theory holds that knowledge is the product of investment decisions made by profit-seeking manufacturers. Knowledge differs from ordinary commodities in that knowledge has spillover effects.

Knowledge spillover effect

Knowledge spillover effect includes knowledge spillover and

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Knowledge spillover spatial distance

Knowledge management theory divides the classification of knowledge into two major categories: explicit knowledge (Ex-plicit knowledge) and tacit knowledge. Explicit knowledge that can be transmitted and learned through coding methods such as language, books, text, and databases; it is explicit knowledge; the knowledge that people have accumulated in long-term practice is closely related to individual experience and experience, and it is often not easy to express, spread, and communicate in language. Learning is tacit knowledge. The diffusion of explicit knowledge is mainly through the mass media. The diffusion of tacit knowledge must be through face-to-face communication. Therefore, the cost of explicit knowledge is proportional to distance and the cost of tacit knowledge is the attenuation function of distance. Most of technical knowledge is explicit knowledge, which is related to professional knowledge on the one hand, and closely related to experience accumulation on the other hand, so knowledge spillovers are limited in spatial scope. This has been confirmed by many empirical studies, and it also explains the formation and development of enterprise clusters and their innovation advantages from a perspective.

Knowledge spillover market structure

For emerging industries, the scale of enterprises is not large, Porter externalities play an extremely important role, and knowledge spillovers are very important for these enterprises. These companies are often smaller than mature ones. On the other hand, they do not have the capacity to conduct large-scale R & D activities, so they are eager to absorb and use new knowledge. For large enterprises in relatively mature industries, MAR externalities have the upper hand. Enterprises have the ability to invest in large-scale research and development, and market monopolies are conducive to obtaining high innovation economic rent. Monopoly also hinders knowledge spillovers, so only by internalizing this externality (knowledge sharing) can the simultaneous development of innovation and economic growth be achieved.

Knowledge spillover receptivity

Agravo's empirical research confirms that the effect of knowledge spillovers is related to the ability to accept spillover economic subjects' cognition, absorption, and application of new knowledge. This ability to absorb and apply new knowledge depends on the necessary prerequisite knowledge of the recipients. An enterprise's ability to absorb and apply external knowledge is closely related to the knowledge endowment and knowledge content of the enterprise itself. Only when the enterprise has the corresponding prerequisite knowledge can it digest and apply new knowledge. The acceptability of the accepting subject is also related to the technical similarity between the overflowing subjects. Jeff used the definition of technology integration index to study the impact of technological distance on the R & D innovation under the condition of knowledge spillover. As a result, the technological distance has a significant impact on corporate innovation activities.

Knowledge spillover social network

Some scholars have emphasized the importance of social networks in geographical areas. The formation of stable and reliable reciprocal social networks is conducive to the mutual exchange of scientific and technological personnel and promotes the spillover and diffusion of knowledge. Sacini's empirical research on Silicon Valley, Boston, and other places in the United States has shown that stable social networks between companies have increased their ability to innovate and reduced transaction costs.