What Are the Different Pest Control Careers?

Pests and diseases are diseases and insect pests, and they often cause adverse effects on agriculture, forestry and animal husbandry.

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Pests and diseases are diseases and insect pests, and they often cause adverse effects on agriculture, forestry and animal husbandry.

Example: "Since the beginning of spring this year, the situation of pests and diseases in the western part of our province has been severe." Many people spray pesticides to prevent pests and diseases. Spraying pesticides can eliminate most diseases and insect pests, but some diseases and insect pests are more stubborn and cause resistance. Pesticide research and development units are required to continuously develop new products to combat pests and diseases.

Chinese name

Pests and diseases

Definition

Abnormal appearance in appearance

Disease types

Seven kinds

Eliminate

spray

There are many types of animals that harm medicinal plants, mainly insects, and others

Pest and Disease Control Law

Agricultural control law is a method to reduce or control pests and diseases by adjusting a series of measures such as cultivation techniques. Most are preventive and include the following:

(1) Reasonable rotation and intercropping In the cultivation system of medicinal plants, it is very important to carry out reasonable rotation and intercropping, regardless of the control of diseases and insect pests or the full use of soil fertility. The land that has been planted with ginseng cannot be replanted in the short term, otherwise the disease will be serious and it will cause a large number of deaths or the whole field to be destroyed. The length of the rotation is generally determined by the duration of the pathogen's survival in the soil, such as the root rot of Atractylodes spp. And the rot of Fusarium wilt on 3-5 years. In addition, reasonable selection of crops is also important. Generally, plants belonging to the same family or plants that are also hosts of some serious diseases and insects cannot be selected as the next crop. The selection principle of crops should be basically the same as that of crop rotation.

(2) Tillage and deep tillage is an important cultivation measure. It can not only promote the development of plant roots and enhance the disease resistance of the plant, but also destroy the nests of dormant insects and wintering places of dormant insects dormant in the soil, directly eliminating pathogens and pests . It is one of the important control measures to carry out ploughing and drying several times to improve the physical properties of the soil and reduce the amount of pathogenic bacteria in the soil.

(3) Weeding, pruning, and clearing of weeds and wheat in the field. After the medicinal plants are harvested, the residues damaged by pests and fallen leaves that fall in the field are often places for pests and insects to hide and overwinter. Of pests and diseases. Therefore, weeding, cleaning the countryside, and combining pruning to burn or bury the diseased insect residues and litter can greatly reduce the extent of pests and diseases in the following year.

(4) The regulation of certain pests and diseases during the sowing period is often closely related to the phenological period of a certain growth and development stage of the cultivated medicine. If we try to make this stage of growth and development miss the dangerous period of invasion by pests and diseases, and avoid pests and diseases, we can also achieve the purpose of control.

(5) Reasonable fertilization Reasonable fertilization can promote the growth and development of medicinal plants, enhance their resistance and their ability to recover from pests and diseases. For example: Atractylodes macrocephala organic fertilizer, appropriate application of phosphorus and potassium fertilizer can reduce mosaic disease. However, the manure or compost used must be decomposed, otherwise the residual germs in the fertilizer and the eggs of the underground pests and pupae will not be killed, which will easily aggravate the underground pests and certain diseases.

(6) The breeding and utilization of different types or varieties of disease-resistant and insect-resistant medicinal plants often have significant differences in resistance to diseases and insect pests. For example, thorn-type safflower is more resistant to anthracnose and safflower flies than non-thorn-type safflower, and atractylodes dwarf type is resistant to seed worms. Therefore, how to use these disease and insect resistance characteristics to further breed high-quality and high-yield varieties that are ideal for disease and insect resistance is a very meaningful task.

Biological Pest Control Law

Biological control is a method that uses various beneficial organisms to control pests and diseases. It mainly includes the following aspects:

(1) Use parasitic or predatory insects to control insect parasitic insects, including both internal and external parasites. After artificial propagation, parasitic insects are released to the field to control the population density of pests. The main types of predatory insects are praying mantis, aphid lion, and walking insects. Most of these insects prey on pests and play an important role in controlling the population of pests. Multiplying and releasing these beneficial insects can control pests.

(2) Microbial control uses fungi, bacteria, and viruses to parasitize the pests to make them ill or to prevent them from harming plants.

(3) Animal control uses beneficial birds, frogs, chickens, ducks, etc. to eliminate pests.

(4) Application of infertile insects Through radiation or chemical substance treatment, the pests lose their fertility and cannot reproduce offspring, thereby achieving the purpose of destroying the pests.

Pest and Disease Control Law

The physical control method for soil diseases and insect pests, ground pests, and airborne diseases involved in physical plant protection technology in physical agriculture can be used to control plant diseases and insect pests during the whole growth period. This method does not have the problem of pesticide residue caused by pesticides. Safe and sustainable plant protection. The physical control method for soil diseases and insect pests is the soil electric disinfection method; the physical control method for airborne diseases uses the space electric field biological disease prevention and promotion method; the flying insects on the ground usually use light, color and taste The combined trapping method is combined with the setting of the insect net to prevent and control it.

Law on physical prevention and control (12 photos)

The physical and mechanical control method is a method for controlling various diseases and insect pests by using various physical factors and equipment. For example, the phototaxis of pests is used for light trapping; according to the weight of seeds with pests and diseases, the weight of seeds is lighter than healthy seeds, wind and water selection can be used to eliminate the seeds with pests, and soaking with warm water. Progress has been made in the use of plasma seed disinfection, combined gas-electricity treatment, and radiation technology for prevention and control.

Chemical Pest Control Law

The chemical control method is a method for controlling diseases and insect pests by applying chemical pesticides. The main advantages are fast action, good effect, convenient use, can eliminate or control a large number of pests and diseases in a short period of time, is not an important seasonal means of controlling pests and diseases, and is not an alternative to other control methods. Chemical pesticides include pesticides, fungicides, nematicides, and the like. Insecticides can be further divided into stomach poisons, contact pesticides, systemic agents, fumigants and so on according to their insecticidal functions. Bactericides include protective agents and therapeutic agents. There are many ways to use pesticides, including spraying, dusting, spraying seeds, soaking seeds, fumigation, soil treatment and so on.

The body wall of an insect is composed of three layers: the epidermis layer, the skin cells, and the basement membrane. The epidermis layer is divided into the inner surface layer, the outer epidermis, and the upper epidermis in order from the inside to the outside. The upper epidermis is the outermost and thinnest layer of the epidermis, which contains waxy or similar substances. This layer plays a very important role in preventing the evaporation of water in the body and the entry of pharmaceuticals. Generally speaking, as the insect age increases, the body's resistance to the agent also continues to increase. Therefore, solvents that dissolve fats and waxes are often added to insecticides. For example, emulsions are generally more toxic than wettable powders because they contain highly soluble oils. The medicament enters the pest's body mainly through the mouth, epidermis and stomata. Therefore, for insect body wall structure, the selection of appropriate agents is of great significance for improving the control effect. For example, chewing mouthparts pests corn borer, swallowtail butterfly larvae, cabbage worms, etc. should use the stomach poison trichlorfon, etc., and thorn sucking mouthparts pests should use systemic agents. In addition, it is necessary to grasp the occurrence of pests and diseases, seize the favorable opportunity for prevention and control, and use drugs in a timely manner. It is also necessary to pay attention to the rational mixing of pesticides, alternate use, and safe use to avoid poisoning and human and animal poisoning.

Due to the large amount of chemical pesticides, a large number of pesticides are put into the environment, and due to the unreasonable use and abuse of pesticides, people pay more and more attention to biological control.

Pest and field diagnosis

The field diagnosis of crop diseases and insect pests is mainly based on the field observations of pests and diseases, through the presence or absence of disease symptoms, the characteristics of the symptoms, and the field environment.

Brown planthopper

Careful observation and analysis of the situation, and the practice of initially determining the cause of its onset, are the prerequisites for good crop pest control. Only accurate diagnosis can be targeted, and the right medicine can be given, so as to receive the expected prevention and treatment effect.

Strengthen the control of diseases and insect pests, strengthen field management, promote the robust growth of vegetables, increase disease resistance, use drip irrigation to reduce air humidity, high tillage cultivation, strengthen field cultivation and weeding, timely drain water after summer rain and rinse with well water, properly reduce planting density, and enhance ventilation and light transmission performance Pay attention to crop rotation. The pest natural enemy Trichogramma is used to control vegetable pests, the orange board is used to trap white flies, the black light is used to trap night moths and pupae, scarabs, and the silver gray film is suspended to repel aphids and insect nets. In addition, the use of sweet and sour to lure ground tigers can reduce the broken seedling rate to 1% to 3%.