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The construction of ideological education courses is the need to improve and strengthen the ideological and political education of college students.

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The construction of ideological education courses is the need to improve and strengthen the ideological and political education of college students.

Chinese name

College

Foreign name

institution of higher learning

First, the construction of ideological education courses is the need to improve and strengthen the ideological and political education of college students.

It was learned from the Ministry of Education on December 4, 2009 that the electronic registration of junior colleges and graduate freshmen in the 2009 fall enrollment of ordinary colleges and universities across the country has been basically completed. From now on, they can be designated by the Ministry of Education, provincial education administration departments, and colleges The website provides students with electronic enrollment results enquiries. The Ministry of Education's enquiry website is China Higher Education Student Information Network (Xinxin.com).

The person in charge of the Ministry of Education pointed out that the electronic registration of freshmen's students in general higher education is an important measure adopted by the education administration to strengthen supervision of college admissions and to ensure the healthy development of higher education reform. It is also an important means to effectively safeguard the legitimate rights and interests of students. The person in charge reminded the new students to check their school status online in a timely manner. If the student status information can be found on the provincial and university websites, it indicates that the student status has been recognized by the state; If the website cannot find the student status information, it indicates that the student status has not been approved by the state, and the school and the provincial admission office of the student's source should be contacted as soon as possible to find out the facts and resolve them properly. Otherwise, nationally recognized graduation certificates cannot be obtained at the time of graduation, and electronic registration of academic certificates cannot be performed.

Please participate in the "Outline of the National Medium- and Long-term Education Reform and Development Plan" ^[1] Relevant experts and responsible comrades in the development work to interpret the content of higher education [written record] ^[2]

Xu Mei: Good morning, journalists and friends. Welcome to today's press conference. Today, we continue to make relevant introductions around the "Outline of the National Medium and Long-term Education Reform and Development Plan." I am very glad that we have invited three experts who participated in the drafting work today. They are members of the outline working group office and director Zhang Li of the National Education Development Research Center; the leader of the outline education reform and system innovation strategy theme group and the executive vice chairman of the Chinese Education Society. Mr. Song Hua; Mr. Han Min, Deputy Leader of the Outline Continuing Education Strategy Group and Deputy Director of the National Education Development Research Center; In addition, we also invited responsible comrades from relevant departments of the Ministry of Education, and Zhang Daliang, director of the Department of Higher Education of the Ministry of Education Wang Jianguo, director of the Department of Students of the University, and Li Jun, deputy director of the Department of Degree Management and Graduate Education of the Ministry of Education. These six guests will introduce the content of higher education in the outline draft for comments today. First of all, I would like to invite Director Zhang to make an introduction for everyone. Zhang Li: Good morning, friends from the press. The "Outline of the National Medium- and Long-Term Education Reform and Development Plan" has been open for comments. Today we are discussing with you the content of higher education in the outline text. In fact, everyone also We all see that the text of the outline of the plan has made new and important arrangements for the development and reform of higher education before 2020 in terms of the overall strategic goals, development tasks, system reforms and safeguard measures, and has also proposed many very new policy highlights. . Therefore, in accordance with the requirements of the Office of the Working Group of the Planning Outline, today I will discuss with you the difficult issues and hot issues in higher education with experts from the Strategy Group and the heads of relevant departments and bureaus. Let me make an introductory speech here for your reference. First, how to judge the development of higher education in China. In various sectors of society, including how our education system judges the situation after the expansion of higher education, everyone will have their own views, but we have to look at the basics, that is, the 20 years before the reform and opening up, in fact, the development of our higher education is Relatively steadily and steadily, since the expansion of enrollment in 1999, the growth rate of the entire higher education scale has been very significant. From the original scale of less than 7 million people, it has now increased to 29.79 million people. When do we rank first in the world? Almost around 2005, that is, surpassed the United States, ranking first in the world in the total scale. The gross enrollment rate has also increased from less than 10% to 24.2%. It can be said that it has entered the internationally recognized stage of popularization. From this period of time, we have initially formed a number of high-level universities that can conditionally impact the world's first-class universities, a number of key disciplines, and a large number of cutting-edge emerging disciplines and interdisciplinary disciplines. The number of graduates delivered by universities from the original The number of millions has now reached more than six million, and the ability of technological innovation and social services has been continuously enhanced. For such a situation since the expansion of college enrollment, we need an objective estimate. It is precisely because of the expansion of enrollment that tens of millions of young people of the appropriate age can get the opportunity to further their studies and thus change their lives, so that our country can participate in international competition. China is able to show obvious advantages in terms of human resources. After the expansion of enrollment, graduates are becoming business backbones in various industries, especially in high-tech industries and modern service industries. For example, the "Chang'e-1" project has tens of thousands of scientific and technological personnel under 30 years of age. Talent supply capacity. In fact, when our country entered the stage of popularization of higher education, other countries were not idle, and they were also increasing the supply capacity of higher education. Many European and American countries have entered the popularization stage from the original popularization stage, that is, higher education gross admission The rate has exceeded 50%. After China s enrollment expansion, its ranking in the world s gross enrollment rate has increased by about 10 places. It was originally 70 or 80, and now it is 70. We must soberly see that we are in the same world. Level difference. Accordingly, if we do not expand enrollment, our process of building a well-off society in an all-round way will also be affected. However, we must also see that there are still many difficulties and problems in the development of higher education in China. For example, the ability to train top-notch innovative talents is relatively weak, as Qian Laozhi said. Second, the conditions for the sustainable development of our higher education are inadequate. In 2001, the average cost of education for ordinary college students in China reached 7300 yuan. Later, it fell to more than 5,000 yuan. Now it returns to about 7,500 yuan. The situation of insufficient funds is 1/5 of the statistical caliber of developed countries in the same period, and the difference between different provinces can be as much as 6 times. Third, graduates will face greater employment competition pressure after the expansion of enrollment, and new and higher requirements are put forward for optimizing the discipline structure of higher education institutions and enhancing students' social adaptability. Fourth, the institutional obstacles that restrict development have not yet been fully resolved, and are reflected in the aspects of talent training model, examination and enrollment system, school running system, and management system. Therefore, our scientific development still faces many new challenges. This is a basic judgment on the current situation introduced to you. Second, how to look at the development goals of higher education in 2020. We believe that we need to look at the overall situation, that is to say, in the face of the critical period of building a well-off society in an all-round way, especially to meet the challenges of the in-depth development of economic globalization, the rapid progress of science and technology, and the increasingly fierce competition for talents. From now until 2020, the total scale of higher education will increase from more than 29 million to 35.5 million, and the gross enrollment rate of higher education will increase from 24.2% to 40%. Increased from less than 10% to 20%. It should be said that these goals reflect the steady growth trend of higher education scale development after reaching a high platform. From the perspective of scale growth, China has entered the stage of popularization of higher education from 2002. In the 7 years from 2009, the average annual growth rate of wide-caliber scale was more than 9%, and the growth rate in the later period has slowed down. For example, the increase in 2009 was higher than the previous year. 2.48%, so according to the prediction of the expert group, by 2020, it will only need to increase by 1.6% per year, and an average annual increase of 500,000 people can reach the goal of 40% of the future gross enrollment rate of higher education. In other words, if a student now Without enrollment expansion, we can increase by 10 percentage points. Why? Because the population denominator of the 18-22 age group will drop by almost 40 million people in the next ten years, which means that our current zero growth can also increase the gross enrollment rate of higher education to 35%. Why do we propose such a goal of 40%? It is because we consider the urgency of professionals in all walks of life and the urgent desire of school-age youth to receive education. I want to give you the deepest impression. As Director Zhu Zhixin said at the press conference the day before yesterday, the stock of our main working population in the future, especially the stock of higher education, will reach 200 million. These 200 million people What does it mean? Professor Hu Angang also said yesterday that it is actually equivalent to the fifth economy in the world, that is, the fifth largest human resource stock, which is very remarkable. As for the proportion of the main working-age population with higher education, if it can jump to more than 20%, it means that China's high-end human resource development will reach the top 1/3 level worldwide. Third, how to understand the positioning of China's higher education development tasks. According to the requirements of the "Planning Outline", the future development of China's higher education will be focused on improving overall quality, placing greater emphasis on improving the quality of talent cultivation, scientific research, and social service capabilities. In particular, it is required to optimize the structure of higher education. Features. Because as I said just now, the expansion of higher education in 2020 is no longer the key point. The biggest point is that we will enter a new stage of strategic transformation of development concepts and a comprehensive focus on education quality. First of all, improving quality as the core task of higher education development is the basic requirement for building a strong country with higher education. To this end, the "Planning Outline" puts forward three requirements. First, we must firmly establish the central position of talent cultivation in the work of colleges and universities. We must deepen teaching reform, strengthen teaching management, and improve colleges and universities by cultivating high-quality specialized talents and cutting-edge innovative talents. Teaching evaluation and improving the quality assurance system for teaching have been specifically put forward. This is also the first time that it is proposed to create a new mechanism for joint training of talents between universities and research institutes and industry enterprises, and vigorously promote the reform of the training mechanism for graduate students. Second, we must give full play to the important role of colleges and universities in the national innovation system, encourage colleges and universities to contribute to knowledge innovation, technological innovation, national defense science and technology innovation, and regional innovation, and have clear policies for strengthening colleges' basic research, applied research, and construction of innovation base platforms. The direction, especially for the institutional obstacles in the scientific research field, requires the promotion of the sharing of scientific and technological and educational resources in universities, research institutes, and enterprises. Everyone noticed that this time not only the resources of scientific research should be shared, but also the educational resources of our industry-university-research cooperation should be deepened and shared. Third, we must firmly establish the consciousness of colleges and universities to take the initiative to serve the society. We must take advantage of the ability of talents pooling and comprehensive interdisciplinary competence of colleges and universities to provide comprehensive services. We need to further promote the combination of production, teaching, research, and research, accelerate the transformation of scientific and technological achievements, and actively participate in cultural construction and participate in decision-making Consulting, giving full play to the role of think tanks and think tanks. Secondly, we must effectively guarantee the scientific development of higher education and the steady improvement of education quality, and we must optimize the structure and provide characteristics. Because the diversity and regional differences in the demand for high-level specialized talents in our country's modernization are rare in the world, it is difficult to use a single rule of academic discipline evaluation to measure all universities. To this end, the text of the "Planning Outline" also clearly requires that by 2020 our higher education structure be more rational and distinctive. There are two points to note here. The first is that the state proposes to establish a college classification system, implement classification management, guide colleges to rationally locate, and overcome homogeneity. Not only must we continue to accelerate the construction of first-class universities and first-class disciplines, and promote the construction of key disciplines. Innovate and build a group of internationally renowned, high-level universities with characteristics. This includes not only undergraduate universities and colleges, but also vocational colleges. Several universities have reached or approached world-class universities. In addition, it is necessary to guide other types of colleges and universities to establish characteristics at different levels and in different fields, and strive to be first-class, including supporting the establishment of key disciplines of local or industry background colleges and universities, improving management models, introducing competition mechanisms, implementing performance evaluation, and dynamic management. The second is to optimize the structure of disciplines and specialties. This is also to meet the needs of modernization. The focus is to expand the scale of training high-skilled, applied, and compound talents, accelerate the development of professional degree graduate education, optimize the regional distribution structure, and focus on supporting higher education in the central and western regions. Development and encourage higher education in the east to take the lead in development, that is, to allow universities to not only practice internal skills in discipline construction, but also to develop features for the needs of modernization construction. This is to create a high-quality Chinese higher education system in the new century and new situation. The only way. Fourth, how to deepen the reform of the higher education system and strengthen the guarantee of policies and measures. In the third part of the "Planning Outline", we have comprehensively planned new ideas and directions for system reform. Most of them involve higher education. We can list a series of new reform entry points and policy measures, such as updates. The concept of talent training, innovative talent training model, reform of education quality evaluation and talent evaluation system, deepening reform of examination and admission system, and so on, all need to form a broader consensus and common conscious action among teachers and students in various colleges and universities. Compared with primary and secondary schools, the construction of a modern school system, the implementation and expansion of school autonomy, the focus is also on colleges and universities, and the key lies in improving the modern university system with Chinese characteristics, including adhering to and improving the principal responsibility system under the leadership of the party committee, and exploring professors for academic studies. Effective ways to explore the establishment of higher education institutions councils or boards of directors, improve the long-term mechanism of social support and supervision of school development, and promote the combination of production, education and research. Related to this, deepening the reform of the school-running system and the reform of the management system is, in the final analysis, the juncture of the entire reform. It is to straighten out how the government manages education and education, and how schools guide self-hosted education in accordance with laws and regulations and macro policies. Many are related. At present, the issues of concern and hot discussion in the society are also complicated, showing the typical characteristics of the "deepwater zone" reform. At the same time, we also see that in order to achieve the development goals of higher education and complete various development tasks, it is simply impossible to do without the necessary financial support and good institutional arrangements. We must deepen the reform of the system and strengthen the guarantee of policies and measures. Take a new step. The fourth part of the "Planning Outline" guarantee measures, especially proposed to strengthen the construction of higher education teacher teams, in terms of funding to implement the organizer's input-oriented, educated people to share the training costs reasonably, schools set up funds to receive social donations and other multi-channel financing It is worth noting that in order to strengthen the management of funds, it is clearly proposed to set up a higher education funding advisory committee to enhance the scientific nature of funding allocation. The establishment of the chief accountant position in universities, and the chief accountants of public universities are appointed by the government. The purpose of international practice is to strengthen system supervision, social supervision, and media supervision, so that the allocation of public resources in the field of higher education can operate in the sun. In addition, the state is accelerating the process of education informatization. Colleges and universities are not only the beneficiaries of the popularization and sharing of high-quality resources, but also the main participants in the development and application of high-quality resources, and they are bound to play a more important role. Among the major projects and trials of reforms planned to be implemented in the next three years, there are also many projects involving the development and reform of higher education. If organizational leadership and measures can be put in place, I believe that the cause of higher education in China is set to re-innovate along the path of scientific development. Below, we will answer the questions of friends from journalists. thank you all. Xu Mei: Thank you Director Zhang Li, Director Zhang just gave you a comprehensive and very clear introduction to the content of higher education in the Outline of Planning. Let s ask reporters questions. Reporter of China Education Television: I have a question to ask Director Zhang of the Higher Education Department. In the draft of the planning outline, he proposed that by 2020, a number of internationally renowned and high-level institutions of higher learning will be built. The level of a first-class university, I would like to ask, how do you evaluate the level of running a comprehensive university in China at this stage, and what kind of effort is needed to achieve the goal of building a world-class university? Thank you. Zhang Daliang: This issue is very important. When Director Zhang Li introduced the situation of higher education just now, China is a big country of higher education. There are already 27.79 million students and there are also a large number of universities. There are 2,263 universities. The next step is to build higher education. A strong country in education and a strong country in higher education must have a group of universities close to and reach the level of world-class universities. This must play a leading role and also be an important indicator of our country's strong country in higher education. Recently, we are also studying the indicators of the power of higher education. According to the research of experts, we will be able to enter the ranks of the power of higher education in the next 30 years or so. This is a quantitative indicator for us. We wo nt say it here because Being studied. At the same time, we also have a qualitative statement, that is to say, a powerful country for higher education built at that time. The first is to express it in a system, that is, to build a modern higher education system with the world's advanced level and socialism with Chinese characteristics. In such a higher education system, there are a number of universities and colleges at all levels and levels. When it comes to leading and demonstrating universities, there are a number of universities that have reached world-class standards and several world-class universities. Therefore, I think this is the goal we must achieve in the process of advancing towards a higher education power. Xinhua News Agency Reporter: I have two questions. First, put forward some innovative methods in the reform of the college entrance examination system. Is there a timetable for progress? What is the general scope of the pilot? Second, the outline proposes to gradually eliminate the current The requirements of the administrative level of colleges and universities, how much operability? Thank you. Tan Songhua: The question of college entrance examination is an important issue in this reform, and it is also a matter of high social concern. The timetable mentioned by the reporter just now, I want to say here first, this time the reform of the college entrance examination has a general idea, because after the reform and opening up, the restoration of the college entrance examination system has played an important historical role. Since the 19th century, the country has continued to carry out some explorations and reforms in the admissions system for higher education examinations. However, it now appears that the original admissions system for college entrance examinations was at the stage of elite education. When higher education has become popular, the talent selection system and training The system does need to undergo major changes. Therefore, the reform of the college entrance examination system must be adapted to the stage of higher education development. The original college entrance examination system has the advantage of uniformly organizing examinations and uniform admissions throughout the country. This will ensure the basic national standards. At the same time, it can ensure education fairness, but one of its disadvantages is that when higher education has become popular, different types of higher education have appeared in higher education. One test method is used to select students from different institutions. This test selection method requires Transformation to adapt to multiple forms and types of higher education school. At the same time, in the original enrollment method, the most important and even sole criterion for fairness is the score. Of course, the score can reflect the development level of a student, but it is not unique. So just using scores to restrain students will guide students to pay attention to academic performance only, or even only test scores, but not to other aspects of overall development. Therefore, the reform of the college entrance examination admission system is summarized from the system design, mainly in three sentences: classified examination, comprehensive evaluation, multiple admissions, classified examination means that different types of colleges and universities can take different examination methods, from the outline Judging from the methods now prescribed, undergraduate colleges and universities implement unified national examinations, and higher vocational colleges and universities organize examinations for enrollment by provinces, and high-level universities can take additional tests. Encourage the implementation of the joint examination in the outline. Now some schools are implementing the joint examination. This means that high-level colleges and vocational colleges of undergraduate colleges can have different examination methods, and the examination is not only once a year. Some subjects can be tested multiple times a year, giving candidates multiple opportunities. Comprehensive evaluation means that in addition to the test scores, it is a very important evaluation for students, and it is also necessary to establish a comprehensive high school test and a comprehensive quality evaluation at the middle school level. These two items are actually more comprehensive evaluations for students. When the conditions are mature, the high school examination and comprehensive quality evaluation will be used as one of the basis for selecting students. I would like to say here that after the conditions are mature, we can only gradually advance in local areas when the conditions are not mature. Diversified admission means that the basic principle of our admission is to select the best candidates. Based on the comprehensive evaluation of students, including college entrance examination results, we will also include high school vocational level examinations and comprehensive quality evaluation to select the best candidates. At the same time, universities will gradually expand the proportion of independent admissions. Recommended admissions can also be targeted admissions, also can be exceptional admissions, so that you can recruit students with different talents, especially students with special talents, can break through the limitations of our current college entrance examination admissions evaluation of students, you can use various channels to enter the higher education School, this is a design idea for the college entrance examination enrollment system we are now proposing. This is a goal. Achieving this goal requires conditions, especially the establishment of the integrity system and the improvement of some regulations for admissions. Therefore, it is necessary to pass trials, accumulate experience through trials, improve regulations, and gradually establish an integrity system. Actively and steadily promote the reform of the college entrance examination system. Tension: Three sentences cancel China's actual administrative level and administrative management mode. The first sentence must be done. This is the general trend. The direction of public institution reforms identified and determined by the state, including the direction of the reform of high-level management of state-owned enterprises, is such a direction, which is to achieve "separation of government and schools, separation of management and management." There must be such a new system design and a trend of moving forward. Second, how to do it is called "establish first and then break, not stand and not break". "Establishing" is to explore the establishment of a management system and supporting policies in line with the characteristics of the school. "Broken" is just mentioned, and gradually eliminate the actual administrative level. And administrative management models, including school content, but also how the government manages the school's administrative tendency. The third sentence, when will it be done? Start with the easy ones and gradually advance to the difficult ones. Therefore, the pilot should be carried out first, and the conditions should be created first. This is the country's established policy, so I believe that you will see the emergence of the pilot in the near future. My answer is that. People's Daily Reporter: After I heard Mr. Zhang's introduction just now, I have such a problem. After the expansion of enrollment, our college student employment has been a very, very important job in the work of the Ministry of Education since the previous year. Many measures have been taken to solve it unprecedentedly. Some countries, such as Europe and Oceania, you have introduced have entered the stage of popularization. The gross enrollment rate of universities has exceeded 50%. How do these countries solve the problem of employment of college students? The country has three characteristics. The first characteristic is that the young population is declining, but our decline is not the same as their decline. Young people abroad are not willing to have children. The entire population is aging and declining. Therefore, the resources of the original higher education can accommodate more high school graduates. In fact, in terms of total volume, the expansion is not very large, although it exceeds 50%. In fact, the total supply of labor to the entire labor market The increase is not particularly significant, and there are still some immigrants. The second characteristic is that these countries usually have relatively rapid technological transformation, or originally low-skilled jobs moved out of their home countries quickly, so young people can meet the employment needs after receiving a high school diploma, and now find some jobs There is an increasing need for university diplomas. The third characteristic is that when they find that their number of school students is increasing, but still they are rich in resources, they tend to play the card of internationalization of higher education and recruit more students from Asia including China. Studying there has also pushed up the gross enrollment rate of their entire higher education, and these people may not necessarily stay in their home country after finishing their studies. It should be said that their employment pattern is very different from China. Let me give you another example. If we take a look at the OECD, the total number of employees in the 30 member countries is about 430 million or 450 million, while China is 780 million, and it looks like 800 million. We The total number of people employed in the country is almost double that of more than 30 countries combined. At present, China cannot say that the proportion of our main age population with higher education has reached the ceiling. In the future, as our entire technological structure, industrial structure, and employment structure change, more jobs for college students may be created, provided that the economy can maintain sustainable development, and the level of urbanization will be slow and gradual. Improving, in this case, a comprehensive consideration of the employment of college students will be a more objective perspective. Wang Jianguo: Thank you for your concern about the employment of college students. Director Zhang just talked about how to solve the problem of college graduate employment when the gross enrollment rate of foreign countries exceeds 50%. In the past two years, the problem of college graduate employment in our country has become increasingly serious, but I I feel that the Party Central Committee and the State Council have attached great importance to these two departments in the past two years. All departments are working together. In response to what you just said, we should say that our employment situation is still good. For example, last year, our first employment rate in 2009 reached 74%. Correspondingly, India also counts according to the initial employment rate, which was 25% in 2007. Many countries in the West are based on statistics from six months to two years after graduation. Generally, the employment rate is about 80% after six months. It can be seen that the overall situation of college student employment in our country is very good, but the problem is still serious. I would like to express a few points. First, as our country builds a well-off society in an all-round way and realizes the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation, our college students are generally not more or less, so we propose in this goal that our gross enrollment rate will continue to climb to 40% by 2020 What's the problem now? I think that to solve the problem of college students' employment, the first is that our country's economic structure must develop from a relatively extensive and labor-intensive type to an intensive type and to high-tech. With the adjustment of the industrial economic structure, The demand for college students in our various industries will become higher and higher. Second, the development of our country now requires a large number of college students in small and medium-sized cities and small and medium-sized enterprises. However, due to conceptual reasons and institutional reasons, some college students are not willing to go to the grassroots level and are not willing to work in small and medium-sized enterprises. If we take a multi-pronged approach in terms of policy, system, and education, I believe that the wider region of our country and more companies in our country will be able to absorb more university graduates. Third, it is also to meet the needs of the country's economic and social development. There is no doubt that colleges and universities must also continue to deepen education and teaching reforms, so that our students 'innovative spirit and practical ability are stronger, and our students' entrepreneurial ability is stronger and better adapted. The needs of national economy and social development. So on the whole, I am optimistic about the employment prospects of college students in our country. Reporter of China Education Daily: There are two questions to ask Director Zhang of the Higher Education Department. First, Qian Xuesen's question, Qian Qiansen, has caused the whole society's attention and thinking on the cultivation of top innovative talents in universities. It is a systematic engineering training professional talent. The first question is what kind of reforms and explorations our universities have carried out, and how we will reform our talent training model in the future so that more top-notch innovative talents can emerge. Second, what kind of system design will we adopt so that more universities can set up their own characteristics and change the status of the current one thousand schools? Thank you. Zhang Daliang: Let me answer the first question first, about the issue of training top innovative talents. Training top-notch innovative talents is of great strategic significance for us to build an innovative country, promote socialist modernization, and realize the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation. In the past ten years, we have been continuously exploring and training top-notch universities in our high-level universities. Innovative talents have made a lot of good and useful attempts, such as the "Yuan Pei Project" of Peking University and the "Tsinghua School" of Tsinghua University. They have done a good job in this area and have gained some experience. We Thinking about the cultivation of top innovative talents should also be diversified. At the same time, we should continue to explore based on the original accumulated experience, because the deepening reforms involving talent training models, curriculum systems, teaching content, teaching methods, etc. have been proposed in the text of the planning outline this time, and it must be firm To establish the central position of talent training in the work of colleges and universities, we must focus on cultivating high-quality specialized talents and top innovative talents with good morals, rich knowledge, and strong skills. Therefore, under the current situation of higher education development, we should seize the favorable opportunity of higher education quality improvement projects. Because in this text, there is a higher education promotion project among the top ten reform projects and reform pilots. In this promotion project, there is a sentence that is to implement the experimental program for the training of top students in basic and applied disciplines. I think This plan is divided into two parts. The first part is to train top-notch innovative talents in basic disciplines. We want to train them on the principle of little, but high-level, internationalization. Last year, we have begun preparations in this regard, because in the principle of first try first, in the process of formulating the principles of the planning outline, we can try first if there are accurate ones that can be tested, and we have made outstanding innovations in basic disciplines. Preparations have been made for the training of talents, and more than ten universities including Tsinghua University and Peking University have been selected to take the lead in piloting five disciplines in mathematics, science, chemistry, computing, and students. I want to make a breakthrough in the cultivation of innovative talents. Therefore, I would like to take this opportunity to talk about the basic ideas, mainly to grasp the reform in seven aspects: First, in the selection of students, focus on investigating the comprehensive ability of students, students' interests and development potential, and implement dynamics. Coordination mechanism, free choice of majors, the best students are selected into the training plan. The second is the provision of teachers. We must arrange high-level experts and scholars to serve as professional mentors and lecturers, and hire well-known overseas scholars to host and participate in teaching. The third is the training mode. It is necessary to highlight individual training, and actively carry out reforms in teaching concepts, models, content and methods, so that students have free time and space to explore, encourage students to learn independently, participate in scientific research project training, and train them. Their scientific research interests, so that their ambitions are even more ambitious, and their attitudes must be peaceful, with both virtue and talent, to become future first-class scholars and world-class scientists. The fourth is to create an atmosphere. This atmosphere is to create a strong atmosphere of academic division and open and equal communication through the visits of world-class scientists, high-level academic reports, etc., to stimulate students' desire for knowledge and innovation. Fifth, it is necessary to innovate in the system. A combination of tutor system and class management is adopted for student management, and flexible courses are selected, exempted, and delayed. Sixth, support in terms of conditions. National key laboratories, open laboratories, national key laboratories, open laboratories, national experimental teaching and experimental centers, etc., must be open to students participating in this program and provide special activities for student innovation activities. Support, funding support, conditional support, space support. Seventh is international cooperation. Through joint training of short-term inspections of summer schools, etc., students are sent to top-ranking foreign universities in batches to study and communicate in batches. Students are encouraged to use foreign conditions to carry out scientific research and integrate into the subject area or international top-ranking as soon as possible. Among the community of scientists. Therefore, the cultivation of top-notch innovative talents is considered to be a systematic project that requires the strong support of society, families, schools, and employment departments, including our news media, to create a good atmosphere and policy mechanism for top-notch innovative talents to stand out. In this plan, there is also the problem of training top talents in applied disciplines. Regarding the cultivation of top talents in applied disciplines, we must also combine with the training of high-quality specialized talents, because applied disciplines are not the same as basic disciplines. We should apply a large number of applied disciplines. In order to cultivate high-quality specialized talents, and at the same time cultivate few but sophisticated innovative talents, in this regard, we are researching, preparing and launching the training plan for future outstanding engineers, outstanding doctors, and outstanding teachers. So I think in terms of training excellent engineers, we are going to train a large number of outstanding engineers who are research-oriented, R & D-oriented, or capable in the production line, so this is a full-caliber. The excellent engineers in the production line are the high-quality specialized engineers mentioned earlier. Talent, a small amount of research and development are really top-notch innovative talents. To train a large number of outstanding doctors, some of them are specialists who can solve difficult diseases in large hospitals, some are general practitioners who can enter the community and go to the countryside, and also a large number of outstanding teachers required by various schools at all levels. In short, they can show excellence in their respective positions, becoming highly qualified professionals and top innovative talents. The second question is about the one-thousand-schools. This question concerns that our management and guidance of higher education should be classified guidance and classified management. Therefore, this also establishes a classification system of higher education through classified management and classified guidance. We In order to solve the problems on the one hand, it is actually necessary to make our current 2263 colleges and universities have their own characteristics, so this problem is simply considered in three aspects. The first is to give play to the guiding role of policies, to revise the implementation regulations and related policies of our ordinary colleges and universities in accordance with the principles of science, diversity, operability, and fairness, and to establish a classification system based on the classification of colleges and universities. , Implement classified management, carry out classified evaluation, guide different levels and types of colleges and universities to be able to reasonably position, can be in their respective positions, each show directors, and have their own characteristics. Governments at all levels must make overall plans and guide policies.2119852263 Thank you.? 802009! ?