What Are Megaprojects?

The significance of the project to society, to the enterprise, and to the individual is very important, so project management is regarded as a golden career in the next two decades.

big project

Right!

Second, the project is

A project is a special limited task to be completed. It is to meet a series of specific objectives within a certain period of time.

1. One-time: One-time is the biggest difference between a project and other repetitive operations or operations. The project has a clear start and end point, there is no precedent that can be copied completely, and there will not be exactly the same copy. Other attributes of the project are derived from this main feature.

2. Uniqueness: Each project is unique. or

The product or service it provides has its own characteristics; or the product or service it provides is similar to other projects, but its time and place, internal and external environment, natural and social conditions are different from other projects, so the project process Always unique.

3. Target certainty:

(A) Temporal objectives, such as completion within a specified period of time or before a specified point in time

(b) Outcome objectives, such as the provision of a specified product or service

(c) binding objectives, such as not exceeding prescribed resource limits

(d) Other requirements to be fulfilled, including those that must be fulfilled and those that are fulfilled as far as possible

The certainty of the target allows a range of change, which can be modified. However, once the project objective changes substantially, it will no longer be the original project, but a new project will be generated.

4. Temporary and open organization: The number, members, and responsibilities of the project team are constantly changing throughout the project. The members of some project teams are seconded, and the team will be disbanded and the staff transferred at the end of the project. There are often many organizations involved in the project, even dozens or more. Through agreement or

Project management is the application of various resources to goals in order to achieve the goals of the project and meet the established needs of all parties.

Project management is management in the first place, but the management object is very specific, that is, the project; the management method is

The project management knowledge system also divides the project implementation process into four phases, namely the Concept Phase, Development Phase, Execute Phase, and Finish Phase. The project is in different phases. The content of its management is also different.

C-Concept stage, propose and demonstrate the feasibility of the project. Many large software R & D companies have a product pre-research department that is responsible for the pre-research of new products. The pre-research work includes requirements collection, project planning, feasibility research, risk assessment, and project proposal. At this stage, the manpower and material resources required are not much, but it has a great impact on the later stage. The importance of the concept phase can be summed up in one sentence: a valuable requirement being planned into a project can undoubtedly achieve good economic benefits, and a small value project being suspended in time can reduce the direct loss of the enterprise. Therefore, many companies pay more attention to the latter. The Integrated Product Development (IPD) project management model adopted by IBM and Huawei has achieved one of the most significant results. The cost of abolishing projects has been significantly reduced. . For general bidding projects, most of the work in the concept phase has been completed by the owner.

In the D-development phase, the preparation of the human resources and all the software and hardware before the start of the feasible project is the overall planning of the project. The development phase is an important guarantee for the successful implementation of the project. Its main task is to plan and configure the project tasks and resources in detail, including setting the scope and objectives, establishing the main members of the project team, establishing the technical route, decomposing the work, determining the main plan, and transferring Planning (expenses, quality assurance, risk control, communication), etc. In project management practice, the inadequate planning work is the fundamental reason for the level of project management in China. In the software development industry, we have always called for system analysts, architects, and IT blue-collar workers, but we cannot truly implement the work in a software development project in full hierarchy The current status of separation is a very important reason because the high-level designers of the software industry in China have not yet reached the level of planning and design they should have, so that the developers at the bottom have to shoulder certain design tasks. This has something to do with the differences between Chinese and Western cultures. Chinese people are used to qualitative and extensive work not only in project work, we must be good at using other aspects (such as team tacit understanding) to make up for this shortcoming.

E-Implementation phase, implementation of project work according to project plan. Implementation stage

It is the phase with the longest time in the project life cycle, the largest amount of work completed, and the most resource consumption. This stage should be organized and coordinated according to the project's work breakdown structure (WBS) and network plan to ensure that each task is quality and completed in time. Guidance, supervision, prediction and control are the key management points in this period. The implementation stage requires project managers to be able to manage on-site; identify problems and make decisions in a timely manner; resolve conflicts among various tasks and members in a timely manner and resolve conflicts; resolve project implementation difficulties in a timely manner and clear channels. The management work at this stage needs to be completed by the bottom managers, so managers and project team members need a high sense of goal recognition.

F-End stage, related work at the end of the project, completed the work of the heart, the final product is formed. The project organizer should carry out financial clearing, document summary, evaluation and acceptance of the project, final delivery to the customer for use, and evaluation of the project summary. The work at the end stage is not much but important. The successful experience of a project can be copied and the lessons of failure can be avoided, which has a good impact on subsequent projects. The lack of Chinese people in the project planning and team tacit understanding mentioned above requires in-depth project summary and evaluation.

Analyzing the specific content of project management according to different life cycle stages, you can have a comprehensive and systematic understanding of project management, and it is also the main focus of project management in general.

The process review of a project is an important part of quality assurance. A very simple truth is that quality is made, not detected. Take the software project as an example, the reliability of the software depends on the reliability of each module. The reliability of the module is cast in the module's outline design, detailed design, coding, and testing.

The significance of process review is to find problems in time and correct them in a timely manner. Stage reviews are not only to ensure quality, but also to control project costs.

With the market's norms and the maturity of the owner, the supervision system of construction projects has gradually been adopted by IT projects. This is the progress of society and is called third-party project management in project management.