What Are Follicular Cysts?

Ovarian cyst refers to the formation of cystic tumors in the ovary, which can be divided into two types: tumorous and non-tumorous. Generally speaking, physiological ovarian cysts are non-tumorous. Physiological ovarian cyst is the most common ovarian cyst. It usually occurs in women of childbearing age during ovulation. Physiological ovarian cyst usually disappears automatically.

Basic Information

Visiting department: Gynecology
Multiple groups: Women of childbearing age during ovulation

Common symptoms: Increased abdominal circumference, intra-abdominal mass, abdominal pain, menstrual disorders, compression symptoms
Contagious: no

Classification of physiological ovarian cysts

Tumorous ovarian cyst

Tumor ovarian cysts are benign and malignant since they are tumors. There is a difference between cystic and solid tumors. The mortality rate of ovarian malignant tumors is high. It ranks first in gynecological tumors. Therefore, once it is determined to be an ovarian tumor, even a cystic tumor of the ovary For example, serous cystadenoma, mucinous cystadenoma, benign cystic teratoma, etc. are mostly benign, but they may be transformed into malignant, so they need early surgical resection.

2. Non-tumorous ovarian cyst

Non-tumorous ovarian cysts, also known as non-neoplastic ovarian cysts, are mostly functional cysts of the ovary, including follicular cysts, corpus luteum cysts, flavin cysts, inflammatory ovarian cysts, polycystic ovaries, and endometriotic cysts (ie, ovaries Chocolate cysts) and so on.

Clinical manifestations of physiological ovarian cysts

1. Thickening of abdominal circumference, intra-abdominal mass

This is the most common phenomenon in patients. The patient noticed that his clothes or waistband seemed tight, only then he noticed that the abdomen was enlarged, or he happened to notice it in the morning, so he found that there was a mass in the abdomen by pressing the abdomen, and the bloating was uncomfortable.

Abdominal pain

If the tumor has no complications, it is rarely painful. Therefore, patients with ovarian tumors feel abdominal pain, especially in those who suddenly occur. The pedicles of multiple tumors are twisted, sometimes caused by rupture of the cyst, bleeding or infection. In addition, malignant cysts often cause abdominal pain and leg pain. Pain often causes patients to seek emergency treatment.

3. Menstrual disorders

One ovary or even two ovarian cysts do not cause menstrual disorders because they do not destroy all normal ovarian tissues. And menstrual disorders are often accompanied by ovarian physiological cysts, such as follicular cysts.

4. Compression symptoms

Large ovarian cysts can cause dyspnea and palpitations due to compression of the diaphragm. People with ovarian cysts and a large amount of ascites can also cause this symptom; however, some patients with ovarian cysts have difficulty breathing due to one or both pleural effusions. And often incorporate ascites.

Ovarian cyst examination

Radiological examination

For skin-like cysts, teeth and bone can be displayed; intravenous pelvic tubal angiography can understand whether the fallopian tube is displaced, compressed, and infarcted to identify migratory kidneys and retroperitoneal tumors; barium enema can help understand the intestinal condition. CT scans can supplement lesions that cannot be indicated by B-ultrasound.

2. Ultrasound

At present, the important methods for diagnosing ovarian tumors can be determined by the location, shape and size of the mass; cystic or solid; from the pelvis or abdominal cavity; uterus or accessories; identifying ovarian tumors, ascites, and tuberculous peritonitis. Any mass with a diameter greater than 2 cm can be measured, and the clinical diagnosis compliance rate is greater than 90%.

3. Cytological examination

For posterior fornix puncture, suction ascites for cytological examination, during laparoscopy or laparotomy, fluid can be examined at the same time in the depression of the uterus and rectum, which has a high accuracy rate for the diagnosis of malignant tumors.

4. Laparoscopy

The general condition of the tumor can be seen directly, the entire pelvic abdomen can be observed, multiple points biopsy at the suspicious site and absorption of ascites for cytology can confirm the diagnosis. However, it is contraindicated in patients with large masses or adhesive masses.

Diagnosis of physiological ovarian cyst

Most of the physiological ovarian cysts are non-tumor cysts, and they rarely exceed 5 cm in diameter. Once an ovarian cyst is found, it should be determined as soon as possible whether it is a tumor cyst or a non-tumor cyst. The diagnosis can be determined according to the speed, size, and characteristics of tumor growth and corresponding examinations, such as tumor markers, ultrasound diagnosis or abdominal tomography, magnetic resonance, and laparoscopy and laparotomy if necessary.

Treatment of physiological ovarian cysts

Ovarian physiological cysts are usually observed and often disappear on their own. If a tumorous cyst is diagnosed, surgical resection should be considered regardless of whether it is currently malignant.