What Are the Different Causes of Bone Calcification?

Bone calcification can be divided into intra-bone and cartilage bone calcification, which is physiological or pathological.

Bone calcification

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Bone calcification can be divided into intra-bone and cartilage bone calcification, which is physiological or pathological.

Pathological calcification refers to the deposition of solid calcium salts in tissues other than bone and teeth. Its main components are calcium phosphate and calcium carbonate and a small amount of iron, magnesium and other substances.

Calcium salts are deposited in necrotic or near-necrotic tissues or foreign bodies, called malnutrition calcification. At this time, calcium and phosphorus metabolism in the body is normal. It is found in tuberculosis, thrombosis, atherosclerotic plaque, senile aortic valve disease and scar tissue. Etc., may be related to the increase in local alkaline phosphatase.

Calcium salts deposited in normal tissues due to dysregulation of calcium and phosphorus throughout the body are called metastatic calcifications. They are mainly found in hyperparathyroidism, excessive vitamin D intake, renal failure, and certain bone tumors. They often occur in blood vessels and Interstitial tissue of kidney, lung and stomach. Calcium and phosphorus metabolism disorders can worsen malnutrition calcification.

Cartilage tumors can show intra-cartilage calcification, osteonecrosis caused by bone infarction can occur in bone marrow calcification, and a small number of articular cartilage or intervertebral disc cartilage degeneration can also show cartilage calcification. X-rays of tumor cartilage calcification appear as dense, small, or semi-circular dense shadows, varying in number, which can be widely distributed within the tumor or limited to a certain area. CT can show calcifications that cannot be seen on plain film, and the morphology of tumor cartilage calcification is the same as that seen on X-rays.