What Is a Retroflexed Uterus?

Retrograde evolution is aimed at the degradation that occurs during phylogeny and is still considered as a part of evolution. It is generally called retrograde evolution or retrograde evolution. But the term has also been used in situations where degenerate adaptation is significant.

The simplification or specialization of the individual structure in which the parasite appears is an example of this. Although there are different views on the eye degradation that occurs in cave animals, it is often called retrograde evolution. Rhododendron and other lose their instincts for nesting or parenting, and lay their eggs in other bird's nests. This characteristic of holding eggs is generally considered to be the retrograde evolution of instincts.

Biological species have changed due to mutation

Ecosystem is a dynamic system, like anything in nature, it is always in constant motion and change. In this process of ecosystem development and change over time, changes in system structure and function are multifaceted [8] and are also directional. That is, without external interference, succession follows nature, along a single direction, from simple to complex structures, and eventually establishes a relatively stable functioning ecosystem in a self-sustaining state. The time required for this positive succession and the process of change involved depend on climate, hydrology, geology, and other physical factors, but the succession itself is biological, not physical. Physical factors can only determine the mode of change, not the cause of the change. But strong physical interference and human interference can inhibit or even terminate the succession process. Once the intensity of this disturbance exceeds its load, that is, the resistance of the ecosystem is exceeded and irreversible changes occur, the ecosystem will degrade. Therefore, the degradation of the ecosystem is determined not only by its internal factors, namely, the self-sustainment and resistance of the system, but also by the external driving force disturbance.

Ecosystem retrograde evolution is an adverse change in the components and interactions within the system. All factors that interfere with the components and their ecological processes in the system may cause system degradation. Basically, the interference factors can be classified into two categories from the way of action on the system. One is the direct or indirect impact on the abundance of system structural components, including deforestation and overuse of forests; excavation of medicinal materials and industrial materials; excessive hunting of wild animals; overgrazing; construction of roads and dams. And changes in land use methods such as reclamation; singularization of biological species in agriculture, forestry and animal husbandry; alien species invasion; fire, hail, flood, drought, earthquake, landslides, glaciers, etc. The other is the direct or indirect impact on system structural components and the environment, including abuse of pesticides (unused use); air pollution; sewage discharge; development of ore, coal, petroleum, natural gas, etc .; poor use of chemical fertilizers; poor farming techniques Or afforestation techniques, etc.

It can also be seen from the interference classification above that, except for item À, which is a natural interference factor, the rest are interference caused by humans. Therefore, the fundamental driving force of the retrograde evolution of the ecosystem is human direct or indirect interference. Therefore, according to the driving force of degradation, degraded ecosystems can be easily divided into artificially degraded ecosystems, degraded ecosystems caused by natural disturbances, and degraded ecosystems caused by artificial and natural disturbances. Man-made degraded ecosystems are the most common and have the largest distribution area. Therefore, research on man-made degraded ecosystems should be the current focus.

As mentioned above, there are many human-induced disturbance factors, and these factors may interfere with the ecosystem singly or in combination, either strongly or weakly, or temporarily or intermittently or continuously. And each interference has its specific properties and characteristics, forming a specific interference body (DisturbanceRegime). The interference body is the sum of all types of interference, interference frequency, and interference intensity over a period of time.

Therefore, for degraded ecosystems, the role of human disturbances driving their degradation is sometimes very complex. The research on disturbance bodies and their effects helps to clarify the degradation mechanism of the ecosystem and reasonably avoid the ecological backlashes caused by the increasingly frequent human disturbance to various ecosystems. The study of the artificial disturbances that drive the retrograde evolution of the ecosystem has not attracted widespread attention from scholars in China. This should be a direction for future efforts.

The main motivation for human evolution comes from natural selection and genetic mutation. The purpose of genetic mutation is to make certain individuals more competitive than their opponents. For most of human history, survival has been a difficult subject, and children's mortality rates before adulthood are quite high. Due to the harsh living environment, human beings have only struggled to survive, thus making natural selection a powerful force for evolution. For example, in the ice-century United Kingdom, if a genetic mutation makes a baby more resilient in the face of severe cold and natural disasters, there is no doubt that he will be more competitive and more likely to survive and pass on this gene to his offspring. Offspring. However, in modern society, we have a central air-conditioning system and sufficient food. Similar genetic mutations are far less important to children.

The original meaning of evolution is the improvement of the viability of a species, and the original meaning of degradation is the decline of the viability of the species. The evolution and degradation of species were originally to adapt to the phenomenon of nature. In fact, the adaptability of species is improving, but humans are taking the opposite path. This is caused by the way of survival of tools. Human beings bring a little benefit, but in the long run, its disadvantages-the ability to survive and reproduce is reduced.

In the process of human evolution, our ancestors once had some characteristics and living habits suitable for the environment at the time, but until now, these characteristics have ceased to exist or have no original functions. Over time, these characteristics show us a long history of human evolution. Let us take a look at the physiological characteristics of humans' retrograde evolution.

1. Spiral and outer edge spiral

About 10% of people in the world have spirals on the outer edges of their ears, which are traces left by evolution. In this picture, a thickened part of the horn called a "Darwin nodule" is obvious, a feature common to many mammals. This is not the whole ear. For most primates, they have the flexibility to use their ears, just like satellites capture signals. But for humans, our ears have lost this part of their function. It is worth mentioning that, like humans, chimpanzees have underdeveloped ear muscles and weak ear movement.
2.Appendix

The appendix is probably the most famous "remains" in human organs. From this "Appendix Process" picture, what seems to be an insignificant appendix today has helped our ancestors digest many cellulose-rich plants. Some scientists believe that the appendix of modern people may play a role of "safety house" and help digestion, but those who have had an appendectomy will tell you that the true function of the appendix may be to fill the surgeon Just a pocket.
3.Half-moon folds

The semilunar fold is on the inner side of the conjunctiva of the eye, which is equivalent to the third eyelid of lower animals. It is a trace of degradation during evolution. Such characteristics are found in many birds and reptiles.

4.Sinus

The sinuses are an important "air pocket" for the human body. Although scientists have debated the role of the sinuses, no consensus has yet been reached. One thing is accepted: if your sinuses are infected, it can cause headaches.

5.Wisdom teeth

Wisdom teeth are like unwanted "residents" in the mouth. Usually, there is not enough room in the mouth to accommodate them, but they can be left alone. It will make you uncomfortable. Wisdom teeth rarely grow well, and retaining them can often be very uncomfortable. Most people will choose to unplug it to prevent future illnesses.

6.Goosebumps

When you feel cold or under pressure, the erector hair muscles on your body will unconsciously contract, making you "goose bumps". Because if it is an animal living in the jungle, this function can help maintain its own heat. It's just that most people are unlikely to turn into "hairy" animals with thick hair, and the erectors will not function as much as protecting our ancestors.

7.Male nipples

To date, the biological function of male nipples remains an unsolved mystery. When the fetus lacks the Y chromosome, it develops into a full female; when the Y chromosome is present, the fetus develops into a male.

8.Tail vertebra

The tail vertebra, which also becomes the tail bone, is the last part of the human vertebra, and can also be said to be the remnant of the tail lost by humans. In fact, almost all mammals on the planet have more or less tail shadows, even when the uterus is developing.

9.Tonsils

Tonsils are the first line of defense for the human body, fighting pathogens invading the body. Many people think that it is an important role of the immune system, but humans have evolved so that this function may have been degraded.

10.Hand grip reflection

Palm grip reflex is a degraded behavior of human beings. This reflexive behavior may be useful to our ancestors, for example, the instinct of a newborn baby animal to grasp the hair of the female animal to avoid falling.

The traditional idea of biological evolution refers to the evolution of the structure and function of organisms from low-level to high-level, from simple to complex, and improved physiological functions. Inorganic small molecules to organic small molecules, organic polymers, multi-molecular systems, and primitive life; prokaryotic cells to eukaryotic cells, single cells to multiple cells, two germ layers to three germ layers, invertebrate to spine, aquatic to land Health, the appearance of limbs, the appearance of amnion eggs, the appearance of constant temperature and so on. The evolution of this traditional concept is just one of many models in the evolution process, and often changes from complex to simple adaptation of the biological characteristics of the environment-degradation, the phenomenon of substantial evolution is often ignored and misunderstood.

Scientists have found that for nearly 10,000 years, humans have been "losing" their faces, and their faces have been shrinking. According to a study of human appearance over 10,000 years, the heads and faces of human ancestors were 30% larger than modern people, and scientists believe that food is the main cause of this change. Since our food is softer than what the ancients ate, modern jaws, teeth, skulls and muscles do not need to be as strong as they used to be. Clark Spencer Larson, a professor of anthropology at the University of Ohio, said: "In the past 10,000 years, humans have a tendency to make the skulls more round and the faces and chins smaller. This The phenomenon began with the advent of agriculture and the use of cooking techniques. "His conclusion was based on measuring thousands of teeth, jaws, skulls and other bones collected from prehistoric sites around the world. Larson believes that humans ten thousand years ago are much stronger than humans ten thousand years later, because they need to work hard to collect food to survive. Anthropology professor Charles Brace of the University of Michigan said, "Human faces are shrinking. What's more, human teeth are getting fewer and fewer. Ten thousand years ago, everyone had wisdom teeth. Only half of us have wisdom teeth. , This is the result of evolution. "

Is this degradation and evolution the result of retreat, or is it caused by a directional change in gene frequency? I think it is the unity of the two, based on the use of retirement and adaptation to environmental changes, which in turn leads to the directional change of gene frequency. This has led to such non-genetic mutations, genetic recombination, geography, reproductive isolation, and continuous environmental conditions. Change, this degradation and evolution may be increasing. It can be guessed that, in addition to the effects of the greenhouse effect, we can predict that the rising sea level will have an inestimable impact on human social life, and we can also predict some changes in our human body. The temperature has risen, the four seasons may not be so clear, and the body hair of the human body may continue to decrease, especially men. We know that the amount of male body hair is related to the secretion of male hormones-strong male hormone secretion, more body hair, less male hormone secretion, and less body hair. Of course, the amount of body hair is also related to the physical fitness of the individual. Assuming this body hair volume has a positive proportional relationship with androgen secretion, it is not difficult to conclude that as the temperature rises, male body hair will continue to decrease, and then over time, the male hormone secretion decreases. Such a deduction is even scary to me. The ratio of androgens and estrogen in the human body is relatively stable, so people's secondary sexual characteristics can be maintained. Suppose that the imbalance of the ratio of estrogen and androgen caused by the change of the environment will reduce the difference in male and female traits? Assuming that is the case, what are the consequences? Women have become more masculine, men have become more feminine, homosexuality is increasing, and the ratio of men and women is greatly imbalanced? Will there be any negative impact on the ethics and morals involved in this way? Is there any basis or trend? I think it is worth thinking about. In response to the biological evolution caused by this degradation, we are also calling for: protecting the blue earth and controlling the greenhouse effect.