What Are the Different Types of Medical Screening?

The health check is a health-centered physical check. The Ministry of Health of the People's Republic of China on August 5, 2009 promulgated Wei Yi Zheng Fa [2009] 77 "Temporary Provisions on the Management of Health Examinations", proposing that "Health Examinations refer to the physical examination of medical examinees through medical means and methods to understand Health status, early detection of disease clues, and diagnosis and treatment of potential health risks. "

health examination

Right!

The health check is a health-centered physical check.

A health checkup is a medical checkup using medical methods and methods. This includes basic checks in clinical departments, including ultrasound, ECG, radiation and other medical equipment tests, as well as laboratory tests of blood and urine around the human body. A health checkup is a health-centered checkup. General medical experts believe that a health checkup is a comprehensive checkup of the body before the body has any significant disease. It is easy to understand the physical condition and screen for physical diseases. That is, the physical examination of healthy people by applying medical examination means is "healthy physical examination", or "preventive health examination".

The health checkup is used to understand the health status of the subject, and to determine whether there are abnormal signs based on the test results, and further analyze the nature of these abnormal signs. Some abnormal signs are physiological variations that can be reviewed regularly. Some abnormal signs may be disease risk factors that need to be intervened and corrected by means of health promotion. Other signs are the basis for the diagnosis of the disease and require further examination and confirmation.

Physical examination is the diagnosis step of medical treatment, and it is the first step of medical treatment. It is a diagnosis method for symptoms or diseases and related factors. In the past, I always went to the doctor when I was sick. Generally speaking, the medical examination for the purpose of disease diagnosis and treatment is called "medical medical examination". The medical examination when applying for admission, enrollment, enlistment, driving license, going abroad, marriage, insurance, etc. is a medical examination for a specific job or behavior, which is called a "social medical examination". A physical examination for a healthy or sub-healthy population who is not sick, who is ill, or who is about to become sick, is a health examination.

As food safety issues become increasingly prominent, more and more people are paying attention to the advance judgment of their own health conditions. The health concept of "early disease treatment and disease-free prevention" has gradually gained roots in people's hearts. The shift from seeking medical treatment to health management has also become an important idea in the world's medical and health system in the 21st century. Therefore, medical institutions around China have successively launched "health-centered" medical examination services to meet people's needs. These health checkup institutions mainly provide health checkup services for healthy people, and they have developed rapidly, becoming an important part of national health management and making important contributions to the development of China's medical and health undertakings.

Since the establishment of the first professional medical examination institution in China, Beijing Ciming Health Inspection Center in 2002, health examinations have developed rapidly throughout the country, and more and more professional medical examination institutions have been rapidly established in large and medium-sized cities in China. Data show that China's health management (physical examination) institutions are growing at an annual rate of 25%. In 2005, there were more than 2,000. In 2009, it reached nearly 7,000. By October 2011, it had grown to more than 8,000. At present, the domestic medical examination market is mainly occupied by hospitals, nursing homes, outpatient departments and health examination centers. Many hospitals recognize that health check-up centers are a revenue-generating and new economic growth point for hospitals. It has even been suggested that in the near future, medical treatment, equipment and health checkups will become the three major sources of income for hospitals.

Nearly 100 million people undergo medical examinations every year, and the market size is around 10 billion. The high-end medical examination market accounts for nearly one-third of the entire medical examination market. The size of the medical examination market is growing at a double-digit annual rate. The high-end consumer market is increasing at a rate of 30% per year, and the market potential is huge. With the improvement of people's living standards and awareness of health care, people are more and more aware of the importance of daily health care and regular inspections for health. As a current hotspot in the health industry, the medical examination business is emerging everywhere, and the health examination market has a promising future.

In addition, the characteristics of the low-competition, low-risk, high-profit, and stable development of the health check-up industry have also been favored by more and more investment institutions. From CDH International's investment in Ciming Medical Examination in October 2004 to Zhejiang Disheng Investment Co., Ltd. in July 2011 investing 100 million yuan in Beijing Modern Sunshine Health Technology Co., Ltd., all these have injected into the development of the health examination industry. A new round of vitality. During the "Twelfth Five-Year Plan" period, China's health examination industry will usher in a new round of investment boom.

Health checkup, as an industry, first appeared in the United States in the 1940s. After the Second World War, people needed health and needed to know if they could tolerate the attack of pathogenic factors. How to maintain a healthy body; passive diagnosis after treatment, or active consultation with a doctor. The medical examination industry came into being. In 1947, the American Medical Association first proposed the concept of "healthy physical examination" and solemnly suggested that healthy people over 35 years of age should have a comprehensive physical examination every year.

According to statistics, the total health inspection market in China in 2008 has reached 196 million person-times, and the market capacity has formed a certain size; the total health inspection market in 2009 has increased to 230 million person-times, an increase of 17.06% over the previous year; the 2010 health inspection market The total further expanded to 287 million person-times, an increase of 24.84% over the previous year. To sum up, China's total health inspection market has formed a certain size and has continued to grow.

According to the "Prospects for the Development of China's Health Examination Industry and Analysis of Investment Strategic Planning Analysis Report Preview", according to the results of the Fourth National Health Service Survey released by the Ministry of Health, from 1999 to 2008, an average of about 10 million new chronic cases were added each year. ; In 2008, there were 260 million chronic disease cases diagnosed by doctors nationwide. Faced with a large group of patients, professional medical examination institutions can play an important role in their health information collection, risk assessment and prediction, health maintenance, health education and health guidance.

effect

Health checkups can detect diseases and health risk factors early. Disease is an abnormal life activity in which internal regulatory mechanisms are disturbed under damaging factors. Regular physical examination, early detection, can counteract and resist abnormal activities and avoid pain when symptoms appear

The health checkup provides the subject with an objective description of the test results and hints on potential health hazards. Further examination of the disease is a medical checkup for the diagnosis and treatment of the disease.

Regular health checkups, from the conclusions of audiovisual palpation hearing examinations, find new abnormal signs;

Regular health check-ups, to find out information about physical changes from the quantitative changes in routine laboratory data;

Regular health checkups, with the increase of age, add new items and new content to achieve early diagnosis and early treatment.

Medicine emerged and developed in the long-term struggle against disease and even life-death struggle. With the development of the economy, the improvement of diet and living conditions, the old spectrum of diseases has become a thing of the past. The decrease in physical labor intensity, the acceleration of work rhythms, the increase in psychological pressure, and changes in environmental and pathogenic factors make people aware of new diseases. Regular health checkups, timely and early detection of abnormal signs, make correct diagnosis and effective treatment measures, eliminate the disease in the bud period, provide advance protection for health, and become a fashion to promote physical and mental health.

Physical examination is to find new abnormal signs from physical examination of sight and touch, and it becomes an important way of self-care and active health;

The health checkup can see the information of the qualitative change of the body from the quantitative changes of various laboratory data, which is beneficial to the early detection of the disease;

Health checkups can look for adverse factors that affect health and correct the effects of a bad lifestyle;

Health examination guidance to modify the self-regulation mechanism to maintain internal and external environmental balance;

Health checkups promote "early prevention, early diagnosis, and early treatment" to eliminate the disease from its budding state.

Health checkups can also save medical expenses. In the long run, if you get sick and don't discover it in time, you will spend much more money in the future, and the pain is beyond the calculation of money. The cost of the medical examination is worthwhile, and it is much more cost-effective than the cost of treatment and health care products spent after the illness.

necessity

, health is your own: regular comprehensive health checkups, "regular audits" and "annual checkups" to achieve the goal of prevention.

, health is dynamic: regular comprehensive health check-ups are conducted, and factors affecting health are found from lifestyle and pathogenic causes.

(3) Health is social: regular comprehensive health checkups are conducted to understand the impact of environmental, family, and social factors

, health is proactive: regular comprehensive health check-ups are conducted regularly to understand their own health status, take the best approach and intensity, improve immunity and disease resistance, and early detect health risk factors.

Checkup items

General morphology: Mainly check height, weight, bust difference, abdominal circumference and hip circumference, etc., and evaluate the general situation of nutrition, morphological development, etc. in accordance with "Chinese Adults' Physical Fitness Measurement Standard".

Internal medicine mainly checks blood pressure, cardiopulmonary auscultation, abdominal palpation, and nerve reflex.

Surgery mainly examines skin, lymph nodes, spine limbs, anus, hernia, etc.

Ophthalmological examination for vision, color discrimination, fundus, slit lamp to determine the presence of eye disease

ENT examination hearing, ear diseases and diseases of nasopharynx

Stomatology, including examination of oral diseases and teeth

The examination items for married women in gynecology, such as cervical smear, secretion smear, TCT (ultra-thin cytology brush), etc.

Radiology department for chest radiography, additional X-rays if necessary;

The laboratory includes three major routines of hematuria, blood biochemistry (including liver function, kidney function, blood glucose, blood lipids, protein, etc.), serum immunity, hemorheology, tumor markers, hormones, and trace elements;

Complementary clinics include ECG, B-ultrasound (liver, gallbladder, pancreas, spleen, kidney, prostate, uterus, accessories, heart, thyroid, carotid arteries), TCD (transcranial Doppler ultrasound to determine cerebral blood flow Condition), bone density and other items.

Medical examination classification

Health checkups are mainly divided into entry checkups, individual checkups, team checkups, and enlistment checkups. In addition, there are marriage checkups. Depending on the requirements of various industries, some industries have different requirements for the health of the human body. For example, some positions are not suitable Jobs for people with congenital defects, such as color blindness, make onboarding a medical checkup a category of health checkups. Personal medical examinations are generally voluntary. With the improvement of living standards, many people start to care about their physical health. Such medical examinations are called personal medical examinations.

According to age, it can be divided into student medical examination, youth medical examination, middle-aged medical examination, elderly medical examination and so on.

Edit this section of the traditional method of medical examination process

In order to accurately explain how to use the medical report management software, let us first look at the general process of the medical examination business. In general, the medical examination process is divided into the following steps:

1. Determine the content of the medical examination: Whether it is a group medical examination or an individual medical examination, the content of the medical examination must be determined first, and a form or notebook is issued to the medical examination personnel, which details the medical examination items of each department.

2. Charges: For individual medical examinations, calculate the payment amount based on the content of the medical examinations; for group medical examinations, payment is generally not made on-site at the charging window, and business personnel at the medical examination center negotiate the payment amount, process and other procedures.

3. Examination by department: The medical examiner will go to each physical examination department to make an item-by-item examination according to the contents of the examination table. The examination doctor will fill in the examination results into the examination form. After the physical examination of one department is completed, fill out the summary of the physical examination of the department;

4. General examination: After all the physical examination departments have completed, submit the medical examination form to the general examination doctor, and the general examination doctor will comprehensively evaluate the entire physical examination result and give corresponding health advice.

5. Output report: For individual medical examination, send the medical examination report (the content can be complicated or simple, depending on the user's needs) to the individual. For group medical examinations, not only individual medical examination reports should be issued, but the medical examination results of the unit must be summarized and a summary of the medical examination of the unit must be written.

Medical report

1. Batch import of medical examination registration, bar code scanning during medical examination, summary of department, general examination doctor's review recommendations are automatically generated, reducing manual operations and improving work efficiency

2. The group unit supports eight levels to meet the statistical analysis of large group units by department, and improve customer loyalty to the medical examination center

3. The report format is neat and standardized, and the content forms are diversified, which comprehensively improves the image of the medical examination center.

4. Rich and detailed health advice, professional health assessment and health management, reflecting the professionalism and focus of the medical examination center

5. High-end post-examination service functions such as follow-up management, health assessment, health intervention, health education, and membership management are professional and comprehensive, allowing customers to experience physical examination services and considerate all the way

6.SMS, voice, LCD screen display automatic inspection, automatic queuing, optimize environment, improve customer satisfaction, improve image

7. Fully automated medical examination, the fastest medical report is available within 4 hours. The medical report can be sent by optical engraving on CD-ROM, SMS, website, and Email. The client can view the report quickly, efficiently, and conveniently.

8. Standard and clear medical examination process guidelines, strict authority settings, and more standardized medical examination center management [2]

Edit this paragraph medical report

The medical examination center is the responsibility of the medical examination organization, and we are responsible for maintaining your health. At the same time, I hope that everyone will pay attention to their physical examination and its results, and do not forget the doctor's advice. Therefore, regular health check-ups are an effective means and guarantee for discovering relevant factors affecting health, preventing (foreseeing) diseases, and promoting physical and mental health. Don't let your health check-ups only come to an end. The check-up report prompts you for further checks and must not be ignored to avoid delaying the best time for treatment or intervention.

Maintaining everyone's health is our responsibility, and your health is in your hands. Please do not forget to take a physical examination, cherish your health, and keep in mind the blessings of our loved ones and our reminders.

In 1957, the World Health Organization further stated that the state of health is the function that an individual can properly express his behavior under certain environmental and genetic conditions, and further supplemented the health classification in 1984:

The first level of health, that is, physical health: includes no hunger, cold, and illness, and can live and work vigorously to meet basic health requirements.

The second level of health, that is, physical and mental health: includes meeting basic economic requirements and freedom of daily living.

The third level of health, that is, active health: includes the ability to actively pursue a healthy lifestyle, adjust the mental state to the pressure of society and work, and live a lifestyle that contributes to society.

Physical Exam Instructions

1. Please make an appointment in advance for the physical examination [3]; avoid alcohol on the day before the physical examination, limit high-fat and high-protein diet, and avoid using drugs that affect liver and kidney function.

2. The first three to five days of inspection should be a light diet. Do not eat bloody foods such as pig liver and pig blood. After twelve o'clock in the evening before the inspection, please fast completely (including drinking water).

3. When doing X-ray inspection, wear cotton underwear. Do not wear clothes with metal buttons and bras; please remove necklaces, mobile phones, pens, keys and other metal items. Pregnant and potentially pregnant female subjects, please inform the health check service staff first, and perform X-ray examination with caution.

4. Blood extraction and liver and gallbladder ultrasound must be performed on an empty stomach; do not urinate when the bladder, prostate, uterus, and accessory B are overtime; if there is no urine, drink water until the bladder is full.

5. Ms. physiological period, it is not suitable for gynecological examination and urine test; empty the bladder before gynecological examination; the best far-infrared review of breast should be selected within one week after the physiological period. Unmarried women are not suitable for gynecological examinations. People with special needs must sign relevant agreements (notifications) before conducting corresponding examinations.

6. Please measure blood pressure, height and weight before medical examination.

7. You need to draw blood on the day of the test and complete the abdominal ultrasound before you eat.

8. When there is a thermal imaging item during the physical examination, the stool and urine must be emptied before the examination, and fasting and water must be fasted.

9. Dressing requirements on the day of the physical examination: wear convenient clothing, shoes and socks, preferably not wearing necklaces, etc. Lesbian bras should not wear steel bras, and do not wear underwear with metal sequins.

Five taboos for physical examination

Physical examination is one of the effective means to prevent diseases. Through physical examination, you can understand your own health status and find some early-stage diseases that are not easy to detect, so that you can intervene and stop the occurrence and development of the disease in a timely manner and get more results with less effort. However, many subjects have not paid enough attention to some key aspects of the medical examination, or have misunderstandings, and various omissions have occurred, making it difficult to achieve the purpose of the medical examination.

First, avoid blood collection time too late The physical examination tests require fasting blood collection at 7: 30-8: 30 in the morning, and it should not exceed 9:00 at the latest. Too late will distort blood glucose values (although still fasting) due to the effects of physiological endocrine hormones in the body. Therefore, the subject should take blood as early as possible, and don't miss the time easily.

2. Don't rush to stop blood collection before medical examination requires fasting, but patients with chronic diseases should be treated differently. Such as hypertension patients taking antihypertensive drugs every morning is necessary to maintain blood pressure stability, rashly stopping or delaying medication can cause a sudden rise in blood pressure and danger. Blood pressure is measured after taking the medicine as usual, and the medical doctor can also evaluate the antihypertensive scheme. The effect of taking a small amount of antihypertensive drugs on the test is slight and can be ignored. Therefore, patients with hypertension should take a physical examination after taking antihypertensive drugs. For patients with diabetes or other chronic diseases, they should also take medicine promptly after blood collection, and should not interfere with routine treatment due to physical examination.

3. Don't discard the inspection items at will. The inspection items set in the medical examination table include both basic items that reflect the health of the body and some special inspection items for malignant and common diseases. Some tests have special significance for early detection of the disease. Such as digital anal examination, the detection of rectal masses in subjects over 40 years of age is particularly important. Some testees give up the test because they are afraid of trouble or shyness. If the testees really have lesions, they will naturally lose the best time for treatment. The consequences are self-evident.

4. Avoid neglecting important medical histories. Presenting medical histories, especially important medical histories, is an important reference for medical examiners to determine the health status of subjects. Based on this, the development of interventions has a very important impact on the outcome of the disease. Some subjects hold a mentality of "assessing" the level of the medical examiner, believing that the disease can only be detected, not uttered. As everyone knows, the result is often contrary to expectations. For example, before guiding the treatment of hypertension patients, it is necessary to understand the key issues such as the onset time, treatment process, and medication status of hypertension, so as to make further targeted treatment suggestions, including adding or reducing medication doses, and adjustments. Medication varieties, etc., so as to achieve the best therapeutic effect. If the subject can't remember the name of the medicine he is taking, he can bring the medicine box to identify it. The medical history statement should strive to be objective and accurate, and important diseases must not be omitted.

V. Don't despise the conclusion of the medical examination The conclusion of the medical examination is a summary and summary of the health status of the examinee. It is a doctor's health prescription issued to the examinee through a comprehensive analysis based on the results of the physical examination in each department, to correct the bad living habits, prevention and treatment Disease has important guiding significance. Some subjects pay more attention to the medical examination process, but ignore the conclusions of the medical examination, fail to read and implement it carefully, and make the medical examination meaningless [4].

Edit this paragraph to read health management

Health management refers to the process of comprehensively managing the health risk factors of individuals or groups of people. Its purpose is to mobilize the enthusiasm of individuals and collectives to effectively use limited resources to achieve maximum health effects.

The implementation of health management is to change passive disease treatment to actively manage health, so as to achieve the purpose of saving medical expenses and maintaining health. Health management is provided by third-party service organizations (professional health management companies) other than traditional medical institutions such as hospitals. Health management companies and medical institutions are in a cooperative relationship. The specific approach is to assess the health status, lifestyle and living environment of individuals and groups through professional health management companies, provide targeted health guidance to individuals and groups, and intervene in implementation.

Health management is an individualized health affairs management service based on personal health files. It is based on modern nutrition and information management technology models, and comprehensively treats everyone from the perspectives of society, psychology, environment, nutrition, and sports. Health protection services. It helps and guide people to successfully and effectively grasp and maintain their own health.

Generally speaking, from a low-risk state to a high-risk state, early lesions occur, clinical symptoms appear, and diseases develop. This process can be very long, often taking years or even decades, or even decades. Most of the changes in the period are not easily noticed, and there is no sharp line between the stages. Targeted prevention and intervention before disease formation can successfully block, delay, or even reverse the occurrence and development of disease, thereby achieving the purpose of maintaining health. But traditional medical and health professionals can no longer meet people's growing needs for health protection services. For this reason, it is necessary for health managers to become an independent profession.

Lifestyle diseases continue to rise worldwide, medical expenses are overwhelmed, and heavy burdens are placed on families and society. How to achieve a strategic move forward and sink the focus from the doctors and patients in the big hospitals to the community to manage the health and disease of the entire population is an issue we urgently need to solve.

Medical examination

Health examination and medical examination have a lot in common in the examination methods, but in the project portfolio, department structure, system management, examination results processing and communication, there are many differences from the hospital examination.

The service object is different: the health physical examination service object is the "guest" who takes the initiative to prevent medical examination; the medical physical examination service object is the "patient" who seeks medical treatment due to illness or injury.

The guiding ideology is different: the guiding ideology of health checkups is "prevention-oriented" and "treating the disease"; the guiding ideology of medical checkups is "saving the sick and helping the wounded" and "treating the disease to save people."

The purpose is different: the purpose of the health checkup is to find abnormal signs through physical examination in healthy people, suggesting factors that may threaten health; the purpose of medical checkup is to find the cause and location through physical examination based on the symptoms of the pain, to make a clear diagnosis, and to treat Provide evidence.

The center is different: the health checkup is based on the healthy health checkup process and conclusions; the medical checkup is based on the illness centered medical checkup process and conclusions. The purpose of the medical checkup is based on the main complaint of the patient or family member about the symptoms of the pain. Causes and locations to clarify the diagnosis and provide the basis for treatment.

Items are different: The items for a health checkup are different from those for a medical checkup. The Student Health Standards and Chinese Adult Physical Fitness Standards issued by relevant parts of the country are our standards for assessing physical fitness, and we have set up physical fitness tests and psychological tests according to their requirements; as well as trace elements, tumor markers and even genetic properties There are no testing items in general medical examinations.

"Product" is different: The result of the health checkup is the final summary report of the health checkup, that is, the interpretation, analysis, and treatment suggestions for abnormal signs found in this checkup. The result of medical examination is to write a medical history and a record of the course, and to eliminate the pain and symptoms through effective treatment.

Different venues: Most of the health check-up agencies have a flat design, which is divided into male and female check-up lines. Medical check-ups are set up in departments, and the complete check-ups need to be repeated upstairs and downstairs, which may cross patients and increase the chance of infection.

The methods are the same: Western medicine has inspection, palpation, percussion, and auscultation, and Chinese medicine has hopeful inspection, smell diagnosis, questioning, and pulse resection. ECG, B-, X-ray, blood biochemical analyzer and other equipment are the same as the hospital. The main composition of medical staff is the same.