What Are the Most Common Sperm Problems?

Abnormal sperm and semen, a urinary system disease, are divided into two types: abnormal semen and abnormal sperm. The former refers to the amount of semen, abnormal color and qualitative abnormality, and the latter refers to the amount of sperm, abnormal qualitative abnormalities, and abnormalities.

Abnormal sperm

Chinese name: Abnormal sperm
Foreign name: Sperm abnormality

Nature: Disease of urinary system
Cause of the disease: Caused by sexually transmitted diseases, etc.
Symptom: Difficulty urinating, frequent urination, hematuria

1, semen liquefaction time prolonged

If the semen is normal, it will be liquefied when it is ejected. Once it is ejected, it will immediately form a jelly or clot. After 5 to 20 minutes in 37 ° C water, the semen solidification state will be changed to liquid, which is called semen liquefaction. If the time exceeds 1 hour, it is called prolonged semen liquefaction.

2, oligozoospermia

In general, the number of spermatozoa in the ejaculate of normal men is less than 20 million per milliliter, which is called oligozoospermia. Too little ejaculated sperm will greatly reduce the fertility rate of the woman and is one of the most common causes of male infertility.

The causes of oligozoospermia are as follows:

(1) Varicocele. The increased temperature of the testes affects the spermatogenic function of the testes.

(2) cryptorchidism. Cryptotestis is one of the important reasons that affects the quality of semen. About 60% of patients with unilateral cryptorchidism are infertile, so if sperm density is low and cryptorchidism is present, early treatment is necessary.

(3) Reproductive tract infection. Can affect various laboratory indicators in semen.

(4) Autoimmune. Male autoimmunity can affect fertility, and anti-sperm antibodies can directly affect sperm production and transport.

(5) Endocrine abnormalities. The normal function of the male hypothalamus, pituitary, and gonad axis determines his spermatogenic function. Any disorder in any link will directly affect the male's spermatogenic function, resulting in a small amount of sperm.

(6) chromosomal abnormalities. Both have a serious effect on sperm density and motility.

(7) Other. Excessive scrotal temperature, radiation damage, chemical and drug effects can cause oligozoospermia.

3. Weakness syndrome

Most of the infertility patients do semen examination and find that there are no obvious systemic symptoms. If secondary to prostatitis, seminal vesiculitis, epididymitis, and testicular disease, corresponding symptoms may appear. Some patients can see impotence, decreased libido, chills, cold limbs, fatigue, weakness in the waist and knees, and other symptoms of kidney-yang deficiency. Or see moist and hot inner signs such as poor urination, dripping, short urination, bitter throat.

Causes of asthenospermia:

(1) Varicocele: As the varicocele causes toxic metabolites CO2, steroids, catecholamines, or prostaglandins to increase, it reaches the testes and has an adverse effect. At the same time, local testicular stasis and qi-blood imbalance affect the sperm morphology and motility.

(2) Reproductive tract infection: Prostatitis and seminal vesiculitis can affect semen quality. Other infections such as Ureaplasma urealyticum and systemic infectious diseases can also cause low sperm motility.

(3) The influence of physical and chemical factors: drugs, organic solvents, tobacco and alcohol, scrotal overheating and environmental pollution, such as: radioactivity, heavy metals, pesticides, chemical poisons, etc., can cause low sperm vitality.

(4) Others: Malnutrition, chromosomal abnormalities, immune abnormalities, and endocrine diseases can all cause low sperm motility. There are also people with low sperm motility who cannot find the cause, which is called idiopathic weak spermatozoa.

4.Azoospermia

Azoospermia means that the semen after centrifugal precipitation is observed under a microscope, and no symptoms of sperm are found. It is also one of the causes of male infertility. Mostly due to congenital deficiency, declining life or acquired disorders, the lack of essence and blood makes it difficult for sperm to survive.

5. Hematospermia

(1) What is Hematospermia:

As the name suggests, semen contains blood and can be called hematospermia. Usually pink and red or bloodshot. Gross blood essence, blood clot-containing blood essence, and microscopic blood essence are classified according to the nature of the lesion and the amount of blood.

(2) Causes of this condition:

Insulin, damage, and stones in the seminal vesicles and prostate can cause blood sperm. Seminal vesicles are one of the most common causes. Tumors such as seminal vesicles, prostate cancer can also cause blood sperm, varicocele and some blood system diseases can also cause blood sperm.

6.Sperm motility and dead sperm disease

After ejaculation, if there is less than 50% of active sperm, and the most active sperm is less than 25%, it is abnormal. It is called hypospermia, and can also be called weak sperm. If the sperm is completely inactive, it is called dead sperm. The main reasons for the low sperm motility and dead sperm are as follows:

(1) Prolonged abstinence. Long-term non-ejaculation will lead to sperm accumulation, the density will continue to increase, the more dead sperm will be, and the motility is poor, but this situation is normal.

(2) Reproductive system infection. Will change the composition of seminal plasma, zinc, magnesium, fructose will decrease and pH increase will affect sperm motility.

(3) Varicocele. Impaired blood circulation in the testes and epididymis increases the local temperature of the testes, which in turn accumulates toxic substances, which reduces the ability of the sperm to move.

7.Sperm with high deformity

Normal people's semen also contains abnormal spermatozoons with abnormal fire fields, generally less than 30%. If the percentage of abnormal sperm is higher than 50%, it will become a sperm with high deformity rate, which may cause male infertility.

Cause: If there are a large number of abnormal sperm in the semen, it is an abnormality in the testes. Certain drugs can also increase the abnormal rate of sperm, such as furans. Varicocele can also cause an increase in abnormal sperm, such as double-headed sperm. In addition, some acute diseases and other diseases caused by physical and mental factors can also produce abnormal sperm.

Symptoms of abnormal sperm and semen 1. Blood sperm

If there is blood in the semen, the patient needs to go to the hospital for treatment in time, because this may be the key to the disease in men, and even cause male infertility.

Symptoms and symptoms of abnormal sperm and oligospermia

Patients with male sperm density below 20 million / ml are clinically referred to as oligozoospermia.

Symptoms of abnormal sperm and semen 3, azoospermia

Patients whose sperm are not found in three semen tests are called azoospermia.

Symptoms of abnormal sperm and semen

The sperm survival rate in semen is gradually reduced, and patients with more than 40% dead sperm during semen examination are called dead spermatozoa.

Symptoms of abnormal sperm and semen

The performance is usually that the normal semen is a uniform flowing liquid. If the sperm liquefaction time exceeds the normal time and range, it can affect the sperm aggregation, slow down the braking, or inhibit the normal movement of the sperm.

Chinese medicine treatment

Chinese medicine believes that the kidney hides essence and gasification essence. Kidney yin and kidney yang lose balance, qi deficiency and inability to transform into true sperm, will cause abnormal sperm, and change the appearance of sperm. At the same time, the kidney yang is consumed and the phase fire is too hot, which will also cause sperm burns, resulting in abnormal sperm.

Semen abnormalities are caused by many different factors. In the treatment, the causative factors must be clarified first, and then symptomatic and symptomatic treatment should be combined according to the actual situation. For those who cannot conceive after conventional treatment, the purpose of fertility can be achieved by artificial conception. The specific treatment needs to be determined according to the specific condition, and a brief analysis and explanation are given below:

1. If chronic prostatitis is present, correct and standardized treatment is required. Prostatitis is difficult to heal due to the limitations of traditional treatment and non-standard treatment measures. Now, through the "prostatitis differentiation therapy", the stubborn problem of prostatitis can be effectively solved, and the harm of complications is also reduced. It plays a vital role in the recovery of semen abnormalities.

2. For those with reproductive infection (sexually transmitted diseases), sexually transmitted diseases directly harm and invade the reproductive system. Therefore, the primary disease must also be treated. Only when the primary disease is cured can the sperm and semen production be expelled and reduced. However, in the actual clinical treatment, due to the limited popularization and application of new technologies for the treatment of various sexually transmitted diseases, traditional treatments are difficult to efficiently treat sexually transmitted diseases. In addition, the irregular diagnosis and treatment of some hospitals make the condition more complicated and difficult to recover from sexually transmitted diseases. With the development of high technology now and the clinical application of new advanced treatment technology, not only the harm of venereal disease to azoospermia can be solved efficiently, but also the clinical cure effect can be achieved completely.

3. Similarly, for testicular diseases and other semen abnormalities caused by other diseases, highly effective treatment is required before fundamentally solving infertility caused by abnormal semen. For those who have irreversible damage to the spermatogenic system, they can only consider giving birth through artificial conception.

TCM diagnosis and treatment

Semen abnormality refers to the color, quantity, form count, activity, and activity rate of semen. Liquefaction is not within the normal range of fertility, and this disease is one of the intractable problems in male subjects. Abnormal semen is one of the main causes of male infertility. Its etiology is extremely complex and covers a wide range. In the aspect of syndrome management, after repeated research and discussion, examining the cause of the disease, and diagnosing and treating the symptoms, the pathogenesis is due to lack of essence. A variety of conditions such as low semen volume, abnormal color, malformation, azoospermia, low sperm count, weak motility, poor motility, semen that does not liquefy for more than 60 minutes, and pus (blood) semen appear.

For the diagnosis and treatment of abnormal semen, relying on the ancient four diagnosis of traditional Chinese medicine to restrict the diagnosis of certain diseases and syndromes, deviations and errors will occur. Therefore, it must be combined with modern medical examination methods to conduct routine examination of clinical semen and comprehensive analysis of the four diagnosis. To find out the essence of the changes in sperm and semen, to treat the syndrome, and to verify by modern inspection methods, follow the symptoms, change the rules, rationale prescriptions, in order to achieve a better therapeutic effect. The treatment of abnormal semen is mainly to promote the improvement of spermatogenic function, so kidney treatment should be one of the important links. The kidney is divided into kidney yin, kidney yang and kidney qi, and their functions are similar.

Kidney Yin:

Metabolize blood and body fluid to nourish the human body and make the human body grow and develop.

All the tissues, such as the bones, skin, and bones of the human body.

The essence can produce the marrow, the marrow is connected to the brain, the brain is the house of the Yuanshen, so the essence can produce wisdom.

Yuan Jing can prevent disease.

Yuan Jing has reproductive ability.

Kidney Yang:

Yuanyang has biochemical effects, and its main growth and development.

Yuanyang has the function of warming and nourishing. It can warm the hundred bones, raise the viscera, and fill the Jiuqiao. The human body's thermal energy depends on Yuanyang.

Yuanyang has the role of defending the outside world.

Yuanyang also controls reproduction. Tiangui is the essence of human reproduction, and the formation of Tiangui depends on Yuanyang, which can turn yang energy into qi, and qi energy can produce sperm.

Kidney Qi:

Can nourish and promote viscera function activities, dominate human growth and development, kidney Qi Sheng is human growth and development, kidney Qi failure is aging and childless.

Resist external invasion. Therefore, kidney qi is the foundation of the human body, and it is the sum of kidney yin and yang. The treatment of abnormal semen involves liver, spleen, heart, and lung functions.

Liver and kidney: Liver and kidney functions are very close, so there is a saying that the liver and kidney are homologous. Liver hides blood, kidney hides essence. The metaplasia of blood depends on the gasification of the essence in the kidney; the enrichment of essence in the kidney depends on the nourishment of the blood. Therefore, the essence can produce blood, and the essence can be converted into essence. Physiologically breed each other and affect each other pathologically. If kidney essence is deficient and liver blood is inadequate; if liver blood is insufficient, kidney essence may be deficient, so semen abnormalities are often caused. The liver is drained and the kidneys are sealed. They restrict each other and complement each other. Men's semen is sealed in the kidneys, and the instinct for drainage is in the liver. If the relationship is dysfunctional, men's nocturnal emission or yangqiang can occur, resulting in abnormal semen or azoospermia.

Spleen and kidney: The spleen is the foundation of the acquired, the kidney is the innate foundation, the spleen is healthy, the metaplasia is subtle, and it is necessary to rely on the warmth of the kidney yang, so there is a saying that the spleen yang is rooted in the kidney yang. Kidney essence also relies on the subtle nourishment of Mizutani to be able to continuously fill and mature. Therefore, the spleen and kidney are physiologically born and born, and they are born innate. They mutually support and promote each other. The spleen and yang cannot be warmed, and the spleen loses its healthy movement, resulting in a lack of qi and blood biochemical resources. The day after tomorrow, it loses its nourishment, which leads to insufficient kidney essence, which leads to the kidneys hiding, resulting in less essence and abnormal quality.

Heart and kidney: The heart belongs to fire, which is located above and belongs to yang, and the kidney belongs to water, located below and belongs to yin. Those who are below are ascending, those who are above are descending. "Su Wen Liu Wei Zhi Da Lun" states that "the ascendant has descended, and the descendant is heaven; the descended has ascended, emanating from the sky." From the phenomenon of the universe, the laws of yin, yang, water, and fire rise and fall. Heart fire falls to the kidney, and the kidneys benefit the heart from the water. Only in this way, the function between the heart and the kidney can be coordinated. Therefore, the "heart and kidney intersect" is also referred to as "water and fire complement each other". Conversely, heart fire cannot lower the kidneys and become hyperactive, and the kidney water can't help the heart and condense, then the physiological functions between the heart and kidneys will lose coordination and lead to heart and kidney discomfort. That is to say, "the water and fire are bad". Therefore, clinical insomnia, upset, unconsciousness, waist and knee weakness, dreaming of spermatorrhea, and semen abnormalities caused.

Lungs and kidneys: The yin fluid between the lungs and the kidneys is mutually dependent, and the kidney is the root of the yin fluid, so the lung and kidney yin deficiency is often seen at the same time. And see the two flushes, flushing bones, hot flushes, night sweats, dry cough, dry throat, soft waist and knees, and abnormal or semen caused by semen (pulmonary tuberculosis migrated to renal tuberculosis or testicular tuberculosis).

Therefore, the functions of kidney yin and kidney and liver, spleen, heart, and lung play a leading and synergistic role in spermatogenesis. The fundamental purpose of its regulation is the production of semen.

Therefore, according to clinical symptoms, the method of regulating spermatogenesis is divided into five types, ten rules: namely kidney deficiency type, spleen deficiency type, liver depression type, essence and heat type, phlegm dampness resistance type and nourishing kidney essence, warming kidney essence. , Yishenshengjing, Qingshenshengjing, Quyushengjing, Liqishengjing, Gushenshengjing, Lishishengjing, expectorant and spermatozoa, combined with modern scientific inspection methods and methods Discuss separately.

The modern application of acupuncture to treat semen abnormalities was first reported in 1958 [1]. But since then, until the 1970s, almost

the Lord. During this period, traditional methods were basically used in acupoint selection and acupoint stimulation methods, such as Shenshu, Guan Yuan, Mingmen, etc., which were selected by acupoints; the methods were acupuncture or moxibustion, and the treatment time was longer. With Chinese medicine. In the past 10 years, a large number of clinical observation articles have appeared, and the mechanism of acupuncture treatment of this disease has begun. In order to objectively evaluate the efficacy of acupuncture, the indications of acupuncture were also discussed.

At present, the general indications that acupuncture is suitable for treatment are: total sperm <60 million / ml; sperm motility <60%, and abnormal sperm> 15% [2]. The effective rate of acupuncture is about 90%. The effect of pure semen abnormality is better than those with other diseases such as prostatitis. Foreign scholars also affirmed that acupuncture has a significant effect on sperm quality of men with low fertility [3].

Observation of various hormonal changes in male infertile patients treated with acupuncture showed that before treatment, the human chorionic gonadotropin (HCG) and testosterone (T) secretion concentrations were lower than in the normal control group. All of them rose back to normal levels, suggesting that acupuncture can adjust the function of sex hormones to achieve the purpose of nourishing kidney, strengthening yang, strengthening qi, and strengthening energy [3, 4]. It was also found that the urine 17-hydroxyl and urine 17-ketones in these patients were at a low level before treatment, which were increased after acupuncture, reflecting a significant impact on adrenal function [5].

treatment

Acupuncture (1)

(A) acupoint

Main point: divided into 2 groups. 1. Dahe, Qugu, Sanyinjiao, Zhongji, Guanyuan; 2. Hachiman, Shenshu, Mingmen.

(II) Governing Law

Take 1 set at a time, alternately used every other day. In the first group, acupuncture Dahe, Qugu and Sanyinjiao first. After getting Qi, apply light stimulus tonic and keep the needle. That is, the ginger moxibustion was performed in Guanyuan and Zhongji two points, and three moxibustions were performed. The size of the moxa was taken as the degree of redness in the moxibustion area. 3 strong. Leave the needle for 15-20 minutes. During the needle retention period, move the needle every 5-10 minutes. 15 times is a course of treatment. After the needle is stopped for 5 to 7 days, the next course of treatment is continued.

(Three) evaluation of curative effect

A total of 160 cases were treated by the above method. According to the similar standards, 125 cases (78.3%) were cured, 33 cases were effective (20.6%), 2 cases were ineffective (1.1%), and the total effective rate was 98.9%. Follow-up of 103 cases, of which 80 cases were cured, the number of births was 68 (85%), and 23 cases improved, and the number of births was 6 (26%), indicating a high fertility rate of the cured [5].

Acupuncture (2)

(A) acupoint

Main point: divided into 2 groups. 1. Qihai, Guanyuan, Sanyinjiao; 2. Shenshu, Ciyu, Taixi.

Acupoints: Zhongji, Zusanli, Zhaohai, Mingmen.

(II) Governing Law

The main points are selected one at a time, and the two groups are used alternately. Auxiliary points as appropriate. Acupuncture the lower acupuncture point with a straight piercing or acupuncture point slightly downwards, mainly by lifting, repeatedly searching to make the needle sense pass down; piercing the back point with 0.8 to 1 inch, applying twisting to supplement and insert Place a 2 cm long moxa segment and ignite the warming needle. Sanyinjiao and Taixi, with the needle point upward, press the right thumb with the lower part of the acupoint to make the needle feel up; Leave the needle for 15-20 minutes. After the needle is taken, the abdomen and lower limb points can be used for moxibustion and moxibustion by moxa sticks for about 15 minutes, with local flushing as the degree. Once a day or every other day, 10 times is a course of treatment, with a rest period of 5 to 7 days.

(Three) evaluation of curative effect

Efficacy evaluation criteria: Basic recovery: total sperm count> 70 million / ml; sperm motility rate> 60%, abnormal sperm <15%; effective: total sperm count and activity rate increased after treatment, and abnormal sperm decreased; The above three items remain unchanged.

A total of 256 patients were treated, and 155 cases (60.5%) were basically cured, 57 cases (22.3%) were effective, 44 cases (17.2%) were ineffective, and the total effective rate was 82.8% [2, 6-8].

Acupuncture (3)

(A) acupoint

Main point: divided into 2 groups. 1. Guan Yuan and Zusanli; 2. Shenshu and Sanyinjiao.

Acupoints: Taixi, Hachiman, Zhongji, Sea of Blood.

(B) Governing Law:

Choose one group daily, Guan Yuan with Zusanli, Shenshu with Sanyinjiao, alternately used. Guan Yuan stabs directly or obliquely 1 to 1.5 inches, and Shenshu obliquely stabs 1.5 inches toward the spine. Zusanli, Sanyinjiao pierce 1.5 to 2 inches, and each point is inserted and twisted, and the needle is left for 15 to 20 minutes, and the needle is moved every 5 minutes. Mianyang deficiency plus moxibustion of Shen Yu and Guan Yuan; those with partial yin deficiency supplement Taixi; phlegm dampness and blood stasis plus Baxuan, Zhongji, Xuehai, and diarrhea. Acupuncture is performed once a day, with continuous treatment for 5 days intermittently for 25 days, and 3 months is a course of treatment, usually one to three external courses of treatment.

(Three) evaluation of curative effect

A total of 86 cases were treated by Shangfa, 46 cases were cured, 23 cases were markedly effective, 13 cases were effective, and 5 cases were ineffective. The total effective rate was 94.2% [9].

Vulnerable population

Infected people. The genitourinary system is infected, causing abnormalities in semen, such as bacteria, parasites, and viruses.

People with endocrine disorders. Endocrine disorders cause abnormal semen.

varicocele. Varicocele can also cause abnormal semen.

People with congenital diseases. Congenital abnormalities or genetic disorders can cause sperm abnormalities.

The sperm tail defect is more common in spring

The sperm count is dominated by spring, but spring is also the season when sperm tail defects occur most frequently, which may be related to the increase in scrotal temperature, resulting in poor sperm motility of tail defects, making it difficult to contact the eggs and fertilize them.

Immature sperm are more common in summer

The immature sperm are higher in summer than in other seasons, the speed of sperm activity is also reduced, and the number of defective sperm is relatively increased. In order to change the problem of poor sperm in hot weather, you can find ways to cool the testes in summer.

Zygomatic malformations are more common in autumn

Although the sperm motility of men is the strongest in autumn, there are more sperm in malformed heads. This is because in the hot summer, the temperature of the scrotum is high, so in the autumn, the sperm with a deformed head are released from the semen.

Winter is the best season for successful fertility

The strongest sperm motility is in winter. This is because the male reproductive organs will be more active at colder temperatures.

Take more exercise. Studies have shown that obesity in men's bodies can cause temperature rises in the groin, impair sperm growth, and lead to infertility. Therefore, weight control within the standard range can improve sperm quality;

Less go to sauna, steam bath. High temperature steam bath directly harms sperm and also inhibits sperm production;

Quit smoking and drinking. The data show that smoking and alcohol consumption are the most important factors for the decrease in sperm quantity and quality;

Relax. Excessive mental stress also has a negative impact on sperm growth, so men should relax themselves appropriately;

Eat more green vegetables. Green vegetables contain vitamin C, vitamin E, zinc, selenium and other ingredients that are conducive to sperm growth;

often go to the clinic for medical examinations. Bacterial infection is also an important factor for male infertility, and you should often go to your doctor for chlamydia and prostate examinations.

What Are the Most Common Sperm Problems?

Abnormal sperm

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