What Conditions Are Considered Physical Disabilities?

Physical disability: A type of disability.

Physical disability

Physical disability: A type of disability.

Chinese name

Physical disability

Foreign name

physical disability

Types of

Disabled

Definition

Loss of human motor function due to limb paralysis

Common disease

The first time in April 1987

Rehabilitation training methods commonly used in children with cerebral palsy

Cerebral palsy in children is because part of the brain tissue that controls movement is damaged before birth, after birth, or in infancy, resulting in physical movement difficulties and posture difficulties caused by muscle control disorders. Once children with cerebral palsy have been diagnosed by a medical institution, rehabilitation training should be started as soon as possible. The first is the correct holding position, that is, the child's legs are riding on the waist of the rehabilitation staff. In order to strengthen the control of the child's head, the prone position can be supported with both hands to lift the head, chest or stretch the upper limbs when supine, and slowly pull it from the supine position to the sitting position. When a child sits on the bed, they should be induced to reach forward and sideways to pick up objects, and gradually appear protective reactions in all directions to enhance the stability of the sitting position.

For children who cannot turn over, when they are lying on their backs, they will flex the lower limbs on the flip side and assist the flexed legs to drive the body to rotate or hold the upper limbs on the flip side to stretch, adduct and drive the trunk to turn over. Learning to crawl is one of the prerequisites for walking. Children need to support both upper limbs and lower limbs with knee joints so that the trunk and thighs are at 90 °. After the posture remains stable, a sounded, colorful toy can be placed in front of the child to induce him to alternately reach forward and grab it, and at the same time, he can push the child's foot forward to assist him. For children who cannot stand on the heel when standing, the trainer can hold the heel with four fingers and press the palm to the center of the foot when the supine is lying on his back. 90 °. You can also wear foot and ankle orthosis to help correct pointed feet, stabilize the ankle joint, and better perform standing and walking training. Some children clenched their fists with both hands and did not catch objects. The trainer insisted on doing passive finger stretching activities and spreading their thumbs out, and other fingers would easily spread. At the same time as sports training, language training must also be strengthened. Use colorful toys to attract children's attention, and strive to imitate the sounds and pronunciation of trainers. Create a good speech environment and correct abnormal pronunciation in time. When the muscle tension of the limbs is significantly increased or the involuntary movement of the limbs hinders the child's activities, consider using antispasmodic or slow-moving drugs, such as diazepam, liostatin, antan, and medopa. Traditional Chinese medicine massage can reduce the tension of spasm muscles and expand the range of motion of the limbs and joints; acupuncture can use scalp acupuncture in the sports and language areas to improve the function of the area.

Common rehabilitation training methods for hemiplegia

In addition to the necessary medical intervention for the treatment of hemiplegia, the main rehabilitation training methods include: exercise therapy, occupational therapy, speech therapy, psychological therapy, stylistic therapy, traditional physical therapy, traditional medicine of the motherland, etc. Movement therapy: It is a general term for a treatment method to improve movement disorders through active exercise and passive exercise. The main contents include joint mobility training, muscle strengthening training, posture correction training and neurophysiology therapy. About 80% of patients with cerebrovascular disease have dyskinesias of varying degrees, mainly due to the hemiplegia spasm mode, which is the spasm mode in which upper limb flexion and lower limb straightness are often seen. During the bedtime period of cerebrovascular disease, the main body position conversion, passive exercise, maintaining good limbs, sitting up training to reduce complications such as pressure ulcers, joint contractures, etc., to lay the foundation for future rehabilitation training; sitting position training should be carried out during bedtime , Balance training, standing training, etc. to promote the improvement of patients' limb function; in the walking period, mainly walk training to improve gait. In order to improve the exercise function of exercise training, a comprehensive method of multiple treatment techniques and exercise relearning therapy are often used to achieve the purpose of restoring limb movement. Occupational Therapy: It is a method to improve and subsidize the function of patients by using targeted and selected operation activities as a treatment method. The purpose is to maximize the ability of patients to take care of themselves, work and leisure, and improve their quality of life. The ideal way for patients to return to their families and society. It mainly includes the evaluation and training of dysfunction, cognitive and perceptual training, the evaluation training of daily life ability, the selection and production of self-help equipment, the design and guidance of environmental transformation, the prescription of wheelchairs and so on. It is the same as the theoretical principle of exercise therapy, except that it designs the movement required for the limb as a work activity, such as using ceramics to train the fine movements of the fingers, which not only increases the interest of patients but also increases Patient's ability to live. Speech therapy: About 22% -32% of people with hemiplegia have language-speech disorders, so language training is essential. Language trainers should first diagnose the type of disorder based on the patient's language situation and lesions, and then use different methods to trigger and strengthen the correct language response of the patient through auditory, visual, and tactile stimuli. Psychotherapy: Physical disabilities and functional disorders often cause psychological disorders such as anxiety and depression in patients, and the disease itself can also cause cognitive impairments in memory, attention and orientation. Effective psychotherapy can enhance patients 'learning ability and active participation. The main methods are supportive psychotherapy, rational emotional therapy and behavior therapy. Stylistic therapy: It is used to train patients with sports and entertainment programs, so that patients' A method by which physical function is improved, and it can improve its bad mental state. This has an inestimable effect on improving physical exercise quality, enhancing physical fitness and creating a good psychological state. Wheelchair skills, hemiplegia gymnastics and various ball games are the main content. Traditional physical therapy: It also has a special effect on the rehabilitation of hemiplegia. In particular, water sports therapy is to make it easier for patients' limbs to complete correct movements in the water through the action of water buoyancy. Traditional Chinese medicine has long been used for the treatment of hemiplegia, and in particular, the use of acupuncture and limb movement has unique advantages.

Common rehabilitation training methods for paraplegia

--Physiotherapy: use of hydrotherapy, electrotherapy, phototherapy, etc., with bare hands or with the aid of instruments, to improve the range of motion of various joints throughout the body, increase residual muscle strength, strengthen muscle endurance, restore coordination and balance, and enable paraplegic patients to learn to turn over and rise Movement between seat and bed and wheelchair and between wheelchair and toilet. Occupational therapy: According to the characteristics of the patient's dysfunction, select some targeted activities from daily activities, productive labor or leisure activities to train the patient, improve the patient's comprehensive coordination ability and fine motor ability, so that the patient can master Eat, dress, go to the toilet and other daily activities, and learn some basic vocational skills. After discharge, you can adapt to the needs of personal life, family life, social life and labor. Rehabilitation engineering: Customize some necessary braces or orthotics for patients, use the parallel bars, walkers or crutches to restore the patient's ability to stand and walk within a small area. Stylistic therapy: Select some recreational sports activities within the patient's ability to restore functions, such as wheelchair basketball, billiards, tennis, table tennis, archery, fencing, wheelchair racing, swimming, etc. on the one hand, to restore its function, and on the other hand, to make the patient entertained . The benefits of sports activities are that they can improve motor function and physical fitness, and enhance self-esteem and self-confidence. In addition, participating in cultural and sports activities can distract attention from their disability. Many cultural and sports activities can be carried out with healthy people, which is very beneficial for their active participation and reintegration into society. Traditional Chinese medicine treatment: Traditional Chinese medicine is used for acupuncture, massage, electroacupuncture, and traditional Chinese medicine iontophoresis, which can help to restore the residual muscle strength of paraplegic patients and improve the function of urination. In addition, the use of Chinese medicine for internal or external use has a certain effect on the treatment of complications of paraplegia.

The main part of the rehabilitation of paraplegics-generally, the stitches are removed about 14 days after the amputation operation is completed. After the stitches are removed, elastic bandages for the residual limbs are required. In order to prevent residual limb edema and promote residual limb maturity, flapping of the residual limb is required to thicken the skin of the residual limb, improve the tolerance of the residual limb, and prepare for the installation of prosthetic limbs. At the same time, targeted rehabilitation training should be performed according to different parts of the amputation: thigh amputee patients mainly perform hip strength training and prevent malformations. The specific method is: the patient stretches the thighs in the prone position to train the hip muscles and raises the legs in the supine position , Train the lateral thigh muscles. Pay attention to maintain the normal position of the hip joint, do not sit for a long time to prevent hip flexion deformities. Calf amputation patients mainly train knee muscle strength, and perform knee extension and flexion muscle strength training on the affected limb. Pay attention to keep the knee joint straight and prevent knee deformity. Patients after upper limb amputation should first perform hand-sharing training to cooperate with the healthy upper limb to complete daily activities. And move the shoulder and elbow joints and other joints to carry out strength training of the remaining muscles. After the prosthesis is installed, it is necessary to learn to put on and take off the prosthesis proficiently, and then perform the training of using the prosthesis. Lower limb prosthetic training starts with standing balance, walking with walking sticks or walking gear, walking independently and adapting to various road surface walking training and protective training. Upper limb prosthetic training mainly includes opening and closing hands, elbow flexion, elbow locking, elbow locking, holding and moving objects, putting on and taking off clothes in daily life, opening doors, writing, and making phone calls.