What Is a Bezoar?

Cow bezoar ^[1] is a gallstone in the gallbladder of the bovine mammals of the chordal phyla Mammalia. The gallbladder is called "bile yellow" or "egg yolk", the bile duct is called "tubular yellow", and the hepatic duct is called "liver yellow".

[niú huáng]

Cow bezoar ^[1]

The product is mostly oval, spheroidal, triangular, or square, etc., of different sizes, with a diameter of 0.6 to 3 (4.5) cm, and a small number of tubes or fragments. The surface is yellow-red to brown-yellow, and some surfaces have a layer of black and bright film, commonly known as "Wu Jinyi", some are rough, with wartlike protrusions, and some have turtle cracks. The body is light, crisp and easy to peel off in layers. The cross section is golden yellow, with fine concentric layer patterns visible, and some with white hearts. It is fragrant, bitter and sweet, and has a cooling sensation. It is fragile to chew and does not stick to teeth.

Niuhuang is also known as Xihuang, rhinoceros, and ugly treasure. Gallstones in cattle (a few are

1. Inhibit the central nervous system, with sedative, analgesic, antipyretic and anticonvulsant effects;

   This product has a strong antipyretic and detoxifying effect. It is used for sore throat, ulcers, and sore tongue. It can be used with musk, pearl, borneol and other external applications, such as Babao blowing throat powder, or Caoheche, Yinhua,

   Moisture shall be determined according to the moisture determination method (Appendix H first method), and shall not exceed 9.0%. [Content determination]

   Cholic acid

   [Chemical composition] Contains bile acid 5% to 11%, deoxycholic acid about 2%, chenodeoxycholic acid 0.6% to 1.7% and its salts, bilirubin and its calcium salt; and it contains bile Sterol, ergosterol, lecithin, fatty acids, vitamin D, water-soluble peptide components SMC (with contraction of smooth muscle and lowering blood pressure), and copper, iron, magnesium, zinc, etc. Australian bezoar contains carotenoids, alanine, glycine,

   1. Take a small amount of this product, mix it with water, and apply it on your nails to dye your nails yellow.

   2. Take a little of this product and place it in a test tube, add 3ml of the following reagents respectively, slightly warm, and have a color reaction: add glacial acetic acid to show green, and carefully add an equal volume of sulfuric acid after cooling, the lower layer is colorless, the upper layer is green, and the two phases are A red ring appears next to it. (Check the sterol reaction) Add sulfuric acid to show green; add nitric acid to show red; add ammonia to show yellow-brown. (Check bilirubin)

   3. Take 0.2g of powder, add 1ml of hydrochloric acid, and add 20ml of ether to shake and extract, place, separate the ether solution, filter, place in a separatory funnel, add 20ml of barium hydroxide saturated solution, shake, and yellow precipitation will occur The aqueous layer and the precipitate were separated and removed, and the ether layer was washed twice with a saturated solution of barium hydroxide, 10 ml each time. The ether layer was separated, filtered, and evaporated to dryness. The residue was dissolved by adding 1 ml of chloroform, 1 ml of acetic anhydride and 2 drops of sulfuric acid were added, and the mixture was shaken and left for 10 minutes, which was green. (Check for combined bilirubin)

   4. Take a small amount of powder, add 1ml of chloroform and shake well, add 2 drops of sulfuric acid and 30% hydrogen peroxide solution, shake, and it will become red. (Check bilirubin)

   5. Take 0.1g of powder, add 4ml of 60% acetic acid, grind and filter, take 1ml of filtrate, add 1ml of freshly prepared 1% sugar aldehyde (newly distilled to near colorless) solution and sulfuric acid solution (take 50ml of sulfuric acid, add 65ml of water, mix) ) 10ml, heated in a 70 ° C water bath for 10 minutes, then blue-violet. (Check for bile acid)

   6. Take the ethanol extract of this product as the test solution, with bile acid, deoxycholic acid ethanol solution as the control solution. The two solutions were spotted on the same silica gel G thin layer plate, developed with chloroform-ether = glacial acetic acid (2: 2: 1), sprayed with a 10% ethanol solution of aluminophosphoric acid, and dried at 105 ° C for 10 minutes to develop a color. The reference product chromatography showed the same blue spots at the corresponding positions.

   7. Take 10mg of powder, add 20ml of chloroform to ultrasonic treatment for 30 minutes, and filter the evaporated filtrate. Add 1ml of ethanol to the residue to dissolve it as the test solution. Another bile acid and deoxycholic acid reference substance was added, and ethanol was added to make a mixed solution of 2 mg each in 1 ml as a control solution. Aspirate 2 l of each of the two solutions, and spot them on the same silica gel G thin layer plate, using isooctane-ethyl acetate-glacial acetic acid (15: 7: 5) as the developing agent, unfold, and after taking out to dry, spray 10% sulfuric acid ethanol solution, bake at 105 ° C for about 5 minutes, and inspect under UV light (365nm). In the chromatogram of the test product, at the position corresponding to the chromatogram of the reference product, there were fluorescent spots of the same color. Research Progress in Component Analysis: Slightly

   [Content determination]

   [Pharmacological action]

   1. Effect on the central nervous system: Bezoar can fight the central excitatory symptoms in mice caused by caffeine, camphor and azatoxin, and can enhance the antitussive effect of chloral hydrate, urethane, morphine or sodium barbiturate . Taurine has a central inhibitory effect, which can reduce the autonomic or treadmill activity of mice, and enhance the hypnotic effect of subthreshold dose of pentobarbital sodium on mice. Bezoar also has anticonvulsant effects. Taurine has a significant analgesic effect.

   2. Antipyretic effect: It has no cooling effect on normal rat body temperature, but it can inhibit the fever caused by 2,4-dinitrophenol to rats and reduce the temperature of rats caused by yeast.

   3. Effects on the cardiovascular system: bezoar, bile acid, and bilirubin all have cardiac effects on isolated frog hearts, guinea pigs or rabbit hearts. In addition, this product is beneficial for bile, liver protection and anti-inflammatory.

   1. For warming

   0.15 0.35 grams, more into pills. Apply an appropriate amount to the affected area.

   Excessive use of bezoar can lead to poisoning, manifested by increased gastrointestinal activity, diarrhea, increased skeletal muscle activity, convulsions and spasms, and in severe cases inhibited. Decreased blood pressure,

   1. Studies on the effects on the central nervous system: Bezoar has a certain sedative effect, obvious anticonvulsant effect and antipyretic effect.

   a. Sedative effect: Oral administration to mice can significantly reduce their spontaneous activities, and can reduce the excitement of mice caused by camphor and caffeine, enhance chloral hydrate, urethane, morphine, phenobarbital and The sedative effects of pentobarbital, such as prolong the sleep time of mice caused by pentobarbital, and promote the disappearance of righting reflection in mice caused by subthreshold dose of chloral hydrate. Artificial bezoar has a similar sedative effect.

   b. Anticonvulsant effect: Inject or administer bezoar to mice, it can prevent or prolong convulsion latency caused by camphor, caffeine, cocaine, azatoxin, pentylenetetrazol, etc. Convulsions were ineffective. Studies have shown that artificial bezoar has similar anti-scare activity to natural bezoar. Gavage of artificial bezoar made of cow bile as the main raw material to mice can also prevent convulsions and death caused by cocaine or caffeine, and the effect is better than the same amount of bezoar. Gavage to mice with artificial bezoar 2g / kg can significantly prolong the incubation period of convulsions caused by caffeine and tetrodotoxin, but it cannot fight the percentage of seizures. It has no effect on the convulsions caused by Shining. Some people think that bezoar's analgesic ingredient is deoxycholic acid. The anti-convulsant effect of bezoar has an ascending effect on camphor and coffee ^[3]

   Shade, airtight, cool and dry place, moisture-proof and pressure-proof.

   Should avoid: pregnant women take caution.

   1. Treatment of febrile diseases such as fever, faint slang, concurrent strokes, five epilepsy, moderate evil, adults, pediatric convulsions due to fever: bezoar one or two, turmeric one or two, rhino horns one or two, Huanglian one two ,

   Guide price information of national essential medicine retail related to bezoar

   Serial number	Essential medicines Directory number	Drug Name	Dosage form	specification	unit	Retail Price	category	Remark
   109	12	Niuhuangjiedu pills	Honey pill	3g (artificial bezoar)	pill	0.56 yuan	Chinese patent medicine	*
   110	12	Niuhuangjiedu pills	Honey pill	30g (artificial bezoar)	bottle	4.7 yuan	Chinese patent medicine
   111	12	Niuhuangjiedu pills	Honey pill	40g (artificial bezoar)	bottle	6.2 yuan	Chinese patent medicine
   112	12	Niuhuangjiedu pills	Honey pill	60g (artificial bezoar)	bottle	9 yuan	Chinese patent medicine
   113	12	Bezoar detoxification tablets	tablet	24 tablets (sugar-coated, artificial bezoar)	Box (bottle)	2 yuan	Chinese patent medicine	* (Referring to the specification of 3 tablets at a time, 2 to 3 times a day)
   114	12	Bezoar detoxification tablets	tablet	6 tablets (sugar-coated, artificial bezoar)	Box (bottle)	0.53 yuan	Chinese patent medicine
   115	12	Bezoar detoxification tablets	tablet	8 tablets (sugar-coated, artificial bezoar)	Box (bottle)	0.69 yuan	Chinese patent medicine
   116	12	Bezoar detoxification tablets	tablet	9 tablets (sugar-coated, artificial bezoar)	Box (bottle)	0.78 yuan	Chinese patent medicine
   117	12	Bezoar detoxification tablets	tablet	10 tablets (sugar-coated, artificial bezoar)	Box (bottle)	0.86 yuan	Chinese patent medicine
   118	12	Bezoar detoxification tablets	tablet	12 tablets (sugar-coated, artificial bezoar)	Box (bottle)	1 Yuan	Chinese patent medicine
   119	12	Bezoar detoxification tablets	tablet	15 tablets (sugar-coated, artificial bezoar)	Box (bottle)	1.3 yuan	Chinese patent medicine
   120	12	Bezoar detoxification tablets	tablet	16 tablets (sugar-coated, artificial bezoar)	Box (bottle)	1.4 yuan	Chinese patent medicine
   121	12	Bezoar detoxification tablets	tablet	18 tablets (sugar-coated, artificial bezoar)	Box (bottle)	1.5 yuan	Chinese patent medicine
   122	12	Bezoar detoxification tablets	tablet	20 tablets (sugar-coated, artificial bezoar)	Box (bottle)	1.7 yuan	Chinese patent medicine
   123	12	Bezoar detoxification tablets	tablet	30 tablets (sugar-coated, artificial bezoar)	Box (bottle)	$ 2.5	Chinese patent medicine
   124	12	Bezoar detoxification tablets	tablet	36 tablets (sugar-coated, artificial bezoar)	Box (bottle)	3 yuan	Chinese patent medicine
   125	12	Bezoar detoxification tablets	tablet	40 tablets (sugar-coated, artificial bezoar)	Box (bottle)	3.3 yuan	Chinese patent medicine
   126	12	Bezoar detoxification tablets	tablet	45 tablets (sugar-coated, artificial bezoar)	Box (bottle)	3.7 yuan	Chinese patent medicine
   127	12	Bezoar detoxification tablets	tablet	48 tablets (sugar-coated, artificial bezoar)	Box (bottle)	3.9 yuan	Chinese patent medicine
   128	12	Bezoar detoxification tablets	tablet	50 tablets (sugar-coated, artificial bezoar)	Box (bottle)	4.1 yuan	Chinese patent medicine
   129	12	Bezoar detoxification tablets	tablet	60 tablets (sugar-coated, artificial bezoar)	Box (bottle)	4.8 yuan	Chinese patent medicine
   130	12	Bezoar detoxification tablets	tablet	80 tablets (sugar-coated, artificial bezoar)	Box (bottle)	6.4 yuan	Chinese patent medicine
   131	12	Bezoar detoxification tablets	tablet	96 tablets (sugar-coated, artificial bezoar)	Box (bottle)	7.6 yuan	Chinese patent medicine
   132	12	Bezoar detoxification tablets	tablet	100 tablets (sugar-coated, artificial bezoar)	Box (bottle)	7.9 yuan	Chinese patent medicine
   133	12	Bezoar detoxification tablets	tablet	120 tablets (sugar-coated, artificial bezoar)	Box (bottle)	9.4 yuan	Chinese patent medicine
   134	12	Bezoar detoxification tablets	tablet	10 tablets (film coating, artificial bezoar)	Box (bottle)	0.95 yuan	Chinese patent medicine
   135	12	Bezoar detoxification tablets	tablet	12 tablets (film coating, artificial bezoar)	Box (bottle)	1.1 yuan	Chinese patent medicine
   136	12	Bezoar detoxification tablets	tablet	18 tablets (film coating, artificial bezoar)	Box (bottle)	1.7 yuan	Chinese patent medicine
   137	12	Bezoar detoxification tablets	tablet	20 tablets (film coating, artificial bezoar)	Box (bottle)	1.8 yuan	Chinese patent medicine
   138	12	Bezoar detoxification tablets	tablet	24 tablets (film coating, artificial bezoar)	Box (bottle)	2.2 yuan	Chinese patent medicine
   139	12	Bezoar detoxification tablets	tablet	30 tablets (film coating, artificial bezoar)	Box (bottle)	2.7 yuan	Chinese patent medicine
   140	12	Bezoar detoxification tablets	tablet	36 tablets (film coating, artificial bezoar)	Box (bottle)	3.3 yuan	Chinese patent medicine
   141	12	Bezoar detoxification tablets	tablet	40 tablets (film coating, artificial bezoar)	Box (bottle)	3.6 yuan	Chinese patent medicine
   142	12	Bezoar detoxification tablets	tablet	45 tablets (film coating, artificial bezoar)	Box (bottle)	4 yuan	Chinese patent medicine
   143	12	Bezoar detoxification tablets	tablet	48 tablets (film coating, artificial bezoar)	Box (bottle)	4.3 yuan	Chinese patent medicine
   144	12	Bezoar detoxification tablets	tablet	60 tablets (film coating, artificial bezoar)	Box (bottle)	5.3 yuan	Chinese patent medicine
   145	12	Bezoar detoxification tablets	tablet	100 tablets (film coating, artificial bezoar)	Box (bottle)	8.7 yuan	Chinese patent medicine
   146	12	Bezoar detoxification tablets	tablet	120 tablets (film coating, artificial bezoar)	Box (bottle)	10.4 yuan	Chinese patent medicine
   147	12	Niuhuangjiedu capsule	Capsule	0.5g * 20 capsules (artificial bezoar)	Box (bottle)	8 yuan	Chinese patent medicine	*
   148	12	Niuhuangjiedu capsule	Capsule	0.3g * 12 capsules (artificial bezoar)	Box (bottle)	3.2 yuan	Chinese patent medicine
   149	12	Niuhuangjiedu capsule	Capsule	0.3g * 20 capsules (artificial bezoar)	Box (bottle)	5.3 yuan	Chinese patent medicine
   150	12	Niuhuangjiedu capsule	Capsule	0.3g * 24 capsules (artificial bezoar)	Box (bottle)	6.4 yuan	Chinese patent medicine
   151	12	Niuhuangjiedu capsule	Capsule	0.3g * 36 capsules (artificial bezoar)	Box (bottle)	9.6 yuan	Chinese patent medicine
   152	12	Niuhuangjiedu capsule	Capsule	0.4g * 20 capsules (artificial bezoar)	Box (bottle)	6.7 yuan	Chinese patent medicine
   153	12	Niuhuangjiedu soft capsule	Soft capsule	0.4g * 12 capsules (artificial bezoar)	Box (bottle)	6.2 yuan	Chinese patent medicine	*
   154	12	Niuhuangjiedu soft capsule	Soft capsule	0.4g * 24 capsules (artificial bezoar)	Box (bottle)	12 yuan	Chinese patent medicine
   155	13	Niuhuang Shangqing Pill	Honey pill	6g (artificial bezoar)	pill	0.63 yuan	Chinese patent medicine	*
   156	13	Niuhuang Shangqing Pill	Honey pill	3.5g (artificial bezoar)	bag	0.66 yuan	Chinese patent medicine
   157	13	Niuhuang Shangqing Pill	Honey pill	4g (artificial bezoar)	bag	0.76 yuan	Chinese patent medicine
   158	13	Niuhuang Shangqing Pill	Honey pill	5g (artificial bezoar)	bag	0.95 yuan	Chinese patent medicine
   159	13	Niuhuang Shangqing Pill	Honey pill	6g (artificial bezoar)	bag	1.1 yuan	Chinese patent medicine
   160	13	Niuhuang Shangqing Pill	Honey pill	54g (artificial bezoar)	bottle	10.2 yuan	Chinese patent medicine
   161	13	Bezoar supernatant	tablet	48 tablets (sugar-coated, artificial bezoar)	Box (bottle)	6.4 yuan	Chinese patent medicine	* (Refers to the specification of 4 tablets at a time, 2 times a day)
   162	13	Bezoar supernatant	tablet	8 tablets (sugar-coated, artificial bezoar)	Box (bottle)	1.1 yuan	Chinese patent medicine
   163	13	Bezoar supernatant	tablet	18 tablets (sugar-coated, artificial bezoar)	Box (bottle)	$ 2.5	Chinese patent medicine
   164	13	Bezoar supernatant	tablet	24 tablets (sugar-coated, artificial bezoar)	Box (bottle)	3.3 yuan	Chinese patent medicine
   165	13	Bezoar supernatant	tablet	36 tablets (sugar-coated, artificial bezoar)	Box (bottle)	4.9 yuan	Chinese patent medicine
   166	13	Bezoar supernatant	tablet	40 tablets (sugar-coated, artificial bezoar)	Box (bottle)	5.4 yuan	Chinese patent medicine
   167	13	Bezoar supernatant	tablet	60 tablets (sugar-coated, artificial bezoar)	Box (bottle)	7.9 yuan	Chinese patent medicine
   168	13	Bezoar supernatant	tablet	80 tablets (sugar-coated, artificial bezoar)	Box (bottle)	10.5 yuan	Chinese patent medicine
   169	13	Bezoar supernatant	tablet	24 tablets (film coating, artificial bezoar)	Box (bottle)	3.6 yuan	Chinese patent medicine
   170	13	Bezoar supernatant	tablet	36 tablets (film coating, artificial bezoar)	Box (bottle)	5.3 yuan	Chinese patent medicine
   171	13	Bezoar supernatant	tablet	40 tablets (film coating, artificial bezoar)	Box (bottle)	5.9 yuan	Chinese patent medicine
   172	13	Bezoar supernatant	tablet	48 tablets (film coating, artificial bezoar)	Box (bottle)	7 yuan	Chinese patent medicine
   173	13	Niuhuang Shangqing Capsule	Capsule	0.3g * 24 capsules (artificial bezoar)	Box (bottle)	18.9 yuan	Chinese patent medicine	*
   174	13	Niuhuang Shangqing Capsule	Capsule	0.3g * 12 capsules (artificial bezoar)	Box (bottle)	9.7 yuan	Chinese patent medicine
   353	29	An Gong Niuhuang Wan	Honey pill	3g (artificial musk, natural bezoar)	pill	99 yuan	Chinese patent medicine	*
   354	29	An Gong Niuhuang Wan	Honey pill	1.5g (artificial musk, natural bezoar)	pill	52.1 yuan	Chinese patent medicine
   355	29	An Gong Niuhuang Wan	Honey pill	3g (artificial musk, in vitro cultivation of bezoar)	pill	80 yuan	Chinese patent medicine	*

   Note:

   1. The dosage form specifications marked with "*" in the remarks column in the table are representative products.

   2. The dosage form specifications marked with "" in the remarks column in the table and other specifications of the same dosage form are temporary prices.

   3. The dosage form specifications of the dosage and dosage are indicated in the remarks column. The prices of other specifications in the dosage form are based on the same dosage and are calculated according to the "Drug Price Comparison Rules".

   4. "Honey pills" marked in the dosage form column in the table, including Xiaomi pills and Damei pills.

   NiuhuangOne of thirty-six yellow. See Volume 55 of "Taiping Shenghui Fang": "Bezoars, whose tongues are wax-colored, their mouths are stubborn, do not speak, or as bulls roar. If the eyes and heads remain unchanged, those who are dark yellow can be cured; as on the tongue And the body is yellow and black, it is difficult to treat. See jaundice for various articles. Chinese medicine name. NiuhuangOne of thirty-six yellow.