What Is Bronchogenic Adenocarcinoma?

Occurs in the lungs asymptomatic, often found on X-ray examination. If it occurs in a large bronchus, an irritating dry cough will appear at the beginning, and sputum will be repeated. The tumor is enlarged, and local obstructive emphysema and localized wheezing can occur. All lumens are blocked and atelectasis can occur. Secondary infection of the obstructed distal lung can occur with pneumonia, lung abscess, or bronchiectasis. Because adenomas are benign, symptoms persist for a long time, and some are diagnosed as long as 5 to 15 years.

Bronchial adenocarcinoma

Bronchial adenocarcinoma (Adenocarcinoma) is a primary low-grade lung cancer. Its prevalence is low, accounting for only about 2% of all lung cancer types. The age of diagnosis of bronchial adenoma is earlier than that of bronchial cancer. The symptoms vary depending on whether the tumor growth site and bronchial lumen are blocked, local infiltration and distant metastasis. Bronchial adenocarcinomas mostly occur in larger bronchial tubes, which grow slowly and are more common in young women. Common clinical symptoms are irritating cough and hemoptysis. Tumors often block larger bronchi causing obstructive atelectasis and obstructive pneumonia.

Clinical symptoms of bronchial adenocarcinoma

Occurs in the lungs asymptomatic, often found on X-ray examination. If it occurs in a large bronchus, an irritating dry cough will appear at the beginning and phlegm and blood will be repeated. The tumor is enlarged, and local obstructive emphysema and localized wheezing can occur. All lumens are blocked and atelectasis can occur. Secondary infection of the obstructed distal lung can occur with pneumonia, lung abscess, or bronchiectasis. Because adenomas are benign, symptoms persist for a long time, and some are diagnosed as long as 5 to 15 years.

Bronchial adenocarcinoma has malignant metastases, and its symptoms are similar to those of other cancers. A small number of patients with bronchial carcinoid tumors may develop paroxysmal skin redness, abdominal pain, diarrhea, asthma and tachycardia, or concentric obesity, hypertension, edema, fatigue, hypokalemia, and pigmentation Isotopic ACTH syndrome manifestations.

Classification of bronchial adenocarcinoma

1. Carcinoid.

2. Tracheal adenoid cystic carcinoma.

3. Mucoepidermoid carcinoma. This type of lung tumor surgery is effective.

Bronchial adenocarcinoma diagnosis

1. Identification of other diseases

1) Peripheral bronchocarcinoma is relatively older than adenoma and grows faster. X-ray adenomas have sharper nodular or round focus boundaries than lung cancer, but are sometimes difficult to distinguish. When diagnosis is difficult, a chest examination should be performed in time to avoid losing the chance of cure.

2) Pulmonary tuberculosis occurs in the posterior or lower lobe of the upper lobe of both lungs. Satellite foci are often found around the foci, and concentric or dense calcified foci are often found in the foci.

3) Pulmonary hamartomas are round or lobulated, with clear edges, calcifications in the lesions, and sometimes jade-like patterns.

2.Auxiliary inspection

Bronchial adenomas are younger, and often have a longer cough, hemoptysis, and recurrent lung infections. Chest X-ray signs are densely rounded. In particular, stratified photography and CT scan can clearly show the tumor's location, shape, size, bronchial obstruction and the presence or absence of regional lymph node metastasis.

Bronchoscopy is one of the important methods to diagnose this disease. It can not only determine the tumor site, but also provide pathological diagnosis by biopsy. The positive rate of fiberoptic bronchoscopy biopsy can reach 66% to 86%. Because the tumor is rich in blood vessels and the surface is covered with intact mucosal epithelium, to improve the rate of rash, deep biopsies must be repeated, but bleeding should be prevented; sputum exfoliated cells, bronchial flushing, and swab smear examinations diagnose the disease No help.

Bronchial adenocarcinoma treatment

Surgical resection is currently the only cure for all types of bronchial adenocarcinoma. The extent of resection depends on the site of tumor growth and the condition of the affected distal lung tissue. The principle is to completely remove the tumor, clean the suspicious regional lymph nodes, preserve normal lung tissues as much as possible, avoid total lung resection, improve survival rate and reduce complications; intrabronchial resection, whether treated with electrocautery or laser, is only applicable for medical contraindications Syndrome cannot be performed by thoracotomy and symptomatic central adenocarcinoma. The 5-year survival rate after surgical resection is 95%, and if local lymph node metastases, the 5-year survival rate is 57% to 70%. Because metastatic lung carcinoids do not change or grow chronically for several years, or grow like small cell carcinoma, there is no sure cure. However, the tumor growth rate and histology of specific cases should be evaluated to decide whether to perform chemotherapy and radiotherapy. If radiotherapy is performed, it is better to use X-knife, Nuoli knife and other precise radiotherapy.