What is Candida?

Candida belongs to the phylum Ascomycota and is a type of deep-infecting fungus ^[1] . Candida, also known as Candida, can invade the skin, mucous membranes, and internal organs, manifesting as acute, subacute, or chronic inflammation, mostly secondary infections. There are many types of Candida, but only a few are pathogenic to humans. Candida albicans, Candida albicans, is the most common and has the strongest pathogenicity, followed by Candida tropicalis and others. Candida, Candida near smooth and Candida tropicalis.

Candida

Candida albicans cells are round or oval, with a diameter of 3 ~ 6m.

Candida is not resistant to heat and can die after heating to 60 ° C for 1 hour. But for dry, sunlight, ultraviolet and

Candida

Candida review

Candida (also known as candidiasis) is a local or systemic infection caused by a variety of pathogenic Candida. It occurs in patients with low immunity and is currently the most common deep mycosis. Candida disease patients, carriers, and food, water, and hospital environments contaminated with Candida are the source of the disease. Candida colonized in the body proliferates and invades surrounding tissues under certain conditions It is more common to cause self-infection, and it can also be transmitted through direct contact ^[4] .

Clinical symptoms of candida

(A) skin candidiasis

1. Erosion between fingers (toes) is more common in people who have been engaged in wet work for a long time. The rash is most common between the third and fourth fingers (toes). The skin between the fingers (toes) is dipping and whitish, removing the impregnated epidermis, showing a well-defined wet surface, the base is flushed, and there may be a small amount of exudation. Consciously itch or pain.

2. Candida intersexual rash is more common in children and obese and sweaty. The rash occurs in the folds of the groin, gluteal groove, armpits, and under the breast. The area has a well-defined, moist erosive surface with flushed bases and collar-like scales on the edges. There are often scattered red papules, herpes, or pustules on the periphery.

3 Pimples-shaped candidiasis is more common in obese children and can be complicated by erythema. The rash is mung bean-sized flat dark red papules with clear edges, covered with gray-white collar-like scales, scattered or densely distributed on the chest, hips, or perineum. It was accompanied by candidal cheilitis and stomatitis.

4 Candida paronychia and nail bed inflammation are more common in nails. Paronychia is swollen, or has a small amount of fluid, but does not purulent, slightly painful and tender, and has a chronic course. The deck was turbid, with white spots, hardened, and ridges and grooves on the surface, uneven but still shiny, and not broken.

5. Chronic cutaneous mucosal candidiasis is rare. It is a chronic and progressive Candida infection, often accompanied by certain immunodeficiency or endocrine disorders, such as hypoparathyroidism, adrenal insufficiency, etc., especially congenital thymoma. The disease usually begins in infancy, but can also occur in the neonatal period. Good skin lesions occur in the head and face, the back of the hand and the distal limbs, and occasionally in the trunk. It starts with erythema, pimples and scaly lesions, and gradually appears wart-like or nodular, covered with yellow-brown or dark-brown oyster shell-like crusts with dark red halo around. Some lesions are highly proliferative, conical or wedge-shaped, resembling skin horns, removing keratinous masses, and underneath are granulomatous tissue. Scaly after healing, hair loss that can affect the scalp.

(Two) mucosal candidiasis

1. Thrush is more common in infants and young children, with clear white false membranes on the oral mucosa, pharynx, tongue, and gums, and peripheral redness. Removal of the false film reveals a red, moist substrate. If the corners of the mouth are involved, there will be erosion of the corners, cleft palate, etc., and pain.

2. Genital candidiasis is divided into candidal vaginitis and candidal balanitis. Both are closely related to sexual behavior and can spread to each other through sexual behavior.

Candidal vaginitis, also known as vulvovaginal candidiasis (VVC), is an inflammatory disease of the vagina and vulva caused by candida in the vagina. Clinically, it is characterized by typical tofu-like leucorrhea and severe vulvar itching. The vaginal secretions are sticky, yellowish or cheese-like patches, and off-white pseudomembranous patches can be seen on the vaginal wall, with itching or burning sensations. False membranes and leucorrhea smears show pseudohyphae and clusters of spores. Patients with an acute attack are easily converted to chronic recurrent candida vaginitis (RVVC) if they are not treated thoroughly.

Candida balanitis is inflammation of the male foreskin glans caused by Candida. Male patients are rare, and they are mostly infected by their spouses. The foreskin and glans are flushed, dry and smooth, and the inside of the foreskin and the coronary sulcus are covered with false membranes.

(Three) visceral candidiasis

Candida infections can affect all internal organs of the body, of which intestinal candidiasis and pulmonary candidiasis are more common. In addition, it can still cause urinary tractitis, nephronephritis, endocarditis and meningitis, and occasionally candida sepsis. All visceral infections are often secondary to a variety of chronic wasting diseases, and there are long-term application of broad-spectrum antibiotics, corticosteroids and chemotherapy, radiotherapy and other predisposing factors. The symptoms are mostly non-specific and should be vigilant.

(D) Candida rash

It is a skin allergy caused by Candida and its metabolites. The main damage is clusters of sterile vesicles, which are more common between fingers. Psoriasis-like, pityriasis rosea, seborrheic dermatitis-like, and urticaria are also seen. Erythema-like, centrifugal ring-shaped lesions.

Candida treatment

Various antifungal creams and ointments can be used locally; amphotericin B, fluconazole, ketoconazole, itraconazole, etc. can be used for systemic administration. Due to the obvious side effects of antifungal drugs, only after the exact diagnosis Use ^[1] .

Candida prevention

According to the causes of the disease, improving the body's resistance and preventing the abuse of antibiotics can play a role in preventing Candida infections ^[5] .