What Is Coprophobia?

Propanoic acid, also known as oleic acid, is a three-carbon carboxylic acid, a short-chain saturated fatty acid with the chemical formula CH3CH2COOH. Pure propionic acid is a colorless, corrosive liquid with a pungent odor.

CAS number: 79-09-4

MDL number: MFCD00002756

EINECS number: 201-176-3

RTECS number: UE5950000

BRN number: 506071

PubChem number: ^[1]

1. Properties: colorless oily liquid with pungent odor. [1]

1. Acute toxicity [16]

LD50: 2600mg / kg (rat oral); 5100mg / kg (mouse oral); 500mg / kg (rabbit percutaneous)

2. Irritating [17]

Transdermal rabbit: 495mg, severe irritation (open stimulus test).

Rabbit eyes: 990mg, severe irritation. ^[1]

Ecological toxicity

LC50: 130mg / L (24h) (Water flea); 188mg / L (24h) (Bluegill sunfish); 4390 ~ 5120mg / L (96h) (Blackhead fish)

2. Biodegradability

In the laboratory water body anaerobic experiment, the degradation half-life was 21 days.

3. Non-biodegradable

In the air, when the concentration of hydroxyl radicals is 5.00 × 105 / cm3, the degradation half-life is 11d (theoretical). ^[1]

1. Molar refractive index: 17.51

2. Molar volume (cm3 / mol): 72.6

3. Isometric Zhang Rong (90.2K): 173.3

4. Surface tension (dyne / cm): 32.3

5. Polarizability (10-24cm3): 6.94 ^[1]

1. Reference value for calculation of hydrophobic parameters (XlogP): 0.3

2. Number of hydrogen-bonded donors: 1

3. Number of hydrogen bond acceptors: 2

4. Number of rotatable chemical bonds: 1

5. Topological molecular polar surface area (TPSA): 37.3

6. Number of heavy atoms: 5

7. Surface charge: 0

8. Complexity: 40.2

9. Number of isotope atoms: 0

10. Determine the number of atomic stereocenters: 0

11. Uncertain number of atomic stereocenters: 0

12. Determine the number of chemical bond stereocenters: 0

13. Uncertain number of chemical bond stereocenters: 0

14. Number of covalent bond units: 1 ^[1]

1. Chemical properties: It has the chemical properties of general carboxylic acids, and can form compounds such as acid chlorides, anhydrides, esters, amides, and nitriles. The -hydrogen atom is easily replaced by halogen under the catalysis of phosphorus trichloride to generate -halopropionic acid.

2. Propionic acid is a flammable liquid with low toxicity. It has a stimulating effect on the mucous membrane and has a bactericidal effect. Rinse with plenty of water when skin gets contaminated with propionic acid. The oral LD50 of the mice is 3.5 ~ 4.3g / kg, and the maximum allowable concentration in the air is 150mg / m3.

3. It belongs to low toxicity category. It is less toxic than formic acid and has irritating effects on eyes, skin and mucous membranes. It is as bactericidal as acetic acid and can inhibit the growth of bacteria. In a 5% ~ 7% solution, bacteria are completely killed in 15 minutes. Rinse immediately with water when in contact with skin. Use foam, powder or carbon dioxide in the event of fire. The olfactory threshold concentration was 0.053 mg / m3.

Storage Precautions [24] Store in a cool, ventilated warehouse. Keep away from fire and heat sources. The storage temperature does not exceed 32 ° C, and the relative humidity does not exceed 80%. Keep container tightly closed. It should be stored separately from oxidants, reducing agents and alkalis. Use explosion-proof lighting and ventilation facilities. Prohibit the use of spark-prone machinery and tools. The storage area should be equipped with spill emergency treatment equipment and suitable containment materials. ^[1]

Microorganisms such as Propionibacterium acidipropionici, Pshermanii can use a variety of fermentable sugars to produce propionic acid. In the industry, many kinds of biomass can be first hydrolyzed with acids or enzymes into monosaccharides such as glucose or xylose, and then introduced into the reactor for fermentation. After the fermentation is completed, lime milk is added and precipitated. After filtration, sodium sulfate is added for metathesis reaction, which is then filtered and concentrated, converted by adding sulfuric acid, and then fractionated. The fermentation reactor can be an immobilized protoplast tower reactor, and the cells are fixed by the following method: the surface of a pre-sterilized packing ring is covered with a sterilized solution containing 20% gelatin and 1.5% shellac by immersion, After drying, it is sprayed with a 2.5% glutaraldehyde aqueous solution to crosslink the polymers on the surface of the ring to increase strength. Rinse with sterile water, and then sterilize with ethylene glycol. After discharging the ethylene glycol, blow it off with sterilized nitrogen. Thereafter, the propionic acid bacteria culture solution was added to the reactor filled with the filled ring, so that a layer of fixed cell membrane was formed on the surface of the filled ring, and then it could be continuously fed for fermentation.

Refining method: After drying with anhydrous sodium sulfate, distillation, collecting 139 ~ 141 ° C fraction. The distillate was re-distilled with a small amount of solid potassium permanganate. It can also be converted to ethyl ester and fractionated. It is then refined by hydrolysis of ethyl propionate.

1. The low-carbon hydrocarbon direct oxidation method uses low-carbon hydrocarbons as raw materials to produce formic acid and propionic acid when oxidized to produce acetic acid.
2. In the Reppe process, ethylene is reacted with carbon monoxide and water to synthesize propionic acid in one step under the catalysis of nickel carbonyl. The reaction conditions are 250 to 320 ° C and 10 to 30 MPa.

RCH = CH2 + H2O + CO CH3CH2CO2H

3 Propionaldehyde oxidation Propionaldehyde reacts with air or oxygen in the presence of a manganese propionate catalyst to generate propionic acid.
CH3CH2CHO + O2 CH3CH2COOH

4 Propionitrile hydrolysis is prepared by the hydrolysis of propionitrile under the action of concentrated sulfuric acid. Its reaction formula is as follows:

Dangerous Transport Code: UN 3463 8 / PG 2

Dangerous Goods Symbol: Corrosion

Safety identification: S23

Health hazards: Inhalation of this product is strongly irritating to the respiratory tract and can occur

S23 : Do not breathe vapour.

Do not breathe vapor.

S36 : Wear suitable protective clothing.

Wear appropriate protective clothing.

S45 : In case of accident or if you feel unwell, seek medical advice immediately (show the label whenever possible.)

In case of accident or if you feel unwell, seek medical advice immediately (show the label if possible).

S26 : In case of contact with eyes, rinse immediately with plenty of water and seek medical advice.

After accidental contact with eyes, rinse immediately with plenty of water and seek medical advice.

S1 / 2 : Keeplockedupandoutofreachofchildren.

Store locked and protected from children.

R23 : Toxic by inhalation.

Toxic by inhalation.

R34 : Causes burns.

Causes burns.

R36 / 37/38 : Irritating to eyes, respiratory system and skin.

Irritation of eyes, respiratory system and skin.

[Precautions for operation] Closed operation to enhance ventilation. Operators must be specially trained and strictly abide by the operating procedures. It is recommended that operators wear self-absorption filtering gas masks (half-masks), chemical safety protective glasses, acid- and alkali-proof work clothes, and rubber acid- and alkali-resistant gloves. Away from fire and heat sources, smoking is strictly prohibited in the workplace. Use explosion-proof ventilation systems and equipment. Prevent vapors from leaking into the workplace air. Avoid contact with oxidants, reducing agents and alkalis. Handle with care when handling to prevent damage to packaging and containers. Equipped with the corresponding variety and quantity of fire fighting equipment and leakage emergency treatment equipment. Empty containers may be harmful residues.

[Storage Precautions] Store in a cool, ventilated warehouse. Keep away from fire and heat sources. The storage temperature should not exceed 30 . Keep container tightly closed. It should be stored separately from oxidants, reducing agents and alkalis. Use explosion-proof lighting and ventilation facilities. Prohibit the use of spark-prone machinery and tools. The storage area should be equipped with spill emergency treatment equipment and suitable containment materials.

Determination of aromatic diamines. Gas chromatography analysis standards. Esterifying agent. Manufactures propionic acid compounds. Emulsifier. Nickel plating solution. Food spices.

Main use: used as esterification agent,

China's current total annual production capacity of propionic acid is about 1,000 tons, and the actual annual output is only about 200 tons, which is far from meeting the actual needs and needs to rely heavily on imports to make up.

The consumption structure of propionic acid in China is: 60% is used for grain and feed preservatives, food preservatives, 20% is used for raw materials such as herbicides Dioxin and Heleling, and 20% is used for the production of spices and flavors. After 2000 The demand for propionic acid in China is growing rapidly, and this growth trend will continue in the next few years. .