What Is Mastalgia?

Dysmenorrhea is one of the most common gynecological symptoms. It refers to those who experience pain in the lower abdomen before and after menstruation or menstruation, accompanied by backache or other discomfort. The symptoms seriously affect the quality of life. Dysmenorrhea is divided into two types: primary dysmenorrhea and secondary dysmenorrhea. Primary dysmenorrhea refers to dysmenorrhea without organic lesions in the reproductive organs; secondary dysmenorrhea refers to pelvic organic diseases such as endometriosis, uterus Dysmenorrhea due to adenomyosis.

Basic Information

English name

dysmenorrhea

Visiting department

Obstetrics and Gynecology

Multiple groups

Adolescent women

Common causes

Increased prostaglandin and mental, disease and other factors

Common symptoms

Lower abdominal pain, bloating and other discomforts before and after menstruation or during menstruation

Causes of Dysmenorrhea

1. The occurrence of primary dysmenorrhea is mainly related to the increase of endometrial prostaglandin content during menstruation. The main cause of dysmenorrhea when the content of PGF2 is increased. High PGF2 content can cause excessive contraction of uterine smooth muscles, vasospasm, uterine ischemia and hypoxia and dysmenorrhea.

2. Increase of vasopressin, endogenous oxytocin and -endorphin.

3. Mental and neurological factors.

4. Secondary pain is often caused by endometriosis and adenomyosis.

Clinical manifestations of dysmenorrhea

1. Primary dysmenorrhea is more common in adolescence, and usually occurs within 1 to 2 years after menarche. With the regular onset of the menstrual cycle, abdominal pain is the main symptom. Symptoms of secondary dysmenorrhea are the same as those of primary dysmenorrhea. Secondary dysmenorrhea due to endometriosis is often aggravated.

2. Pain usually begins after menstrual cramps, and it first appears 12 hours before menstruation. The pain is most severe on the first day of menstruation, which lasts for 2 to 3 days. Pain is often spastic. It is usually not accompanied by abdominal muscle tension or rebound pain.

3. May be accompanied by nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, dizziness, fatigue and other symptoms. In severe cases, the complexion becomes pale and sweaty.

4. No abnormality was found in gynecological examination.

Dysmenorrhea diagnosis

According to the menstrual period of lower abdominal pain, no positive signs in gynecological examination, clinical diagnosis.

Differential diagnosis of dysmenorrhea

It should be distinguished from secondary dysmenorrhea caused by endometriosis, adenomyosis, and pelvic inflammatory diseases.

Endometriosis

(1) Symptoms: dysmenorrhea, infertility.

(2) Gynecological examination and auxiliary examination: pelvic examination found endometriosis lesions; imaging examination (pelvic ultrasound, pelvic CT and MRI) found endometriosis lesions, serum CA125 levels were mild and moderately elevated.

(3) Laparoscopy: Laparoscopy is currently a common method for diagnosing endometriosis. The diagnosis can be confirmed only by seeing the typical lesions described by gross pathology under laparoscopy or biopsy of the suspicious lesions.

Adenomyosis

Symptoms: dysmenorrhea; abnormal menstruation (can be manifested as excessive menstruation, prolonged menstruation and irregular bleeding);

Gynecological and auxiliary examinations: uterine enlargement, tenderness, etc .; imaging examination (pelvic ultrasound), serum CA125 and other tips.

Dysmenorrhea treatment

Dysmenorrhea is a common symptom in women. Before unmarried dysmenorrhea is older, especially after marriage, the dysmenorrhea naturally disappears and treatment is unnecessary. Except in individual cases. However, those who suffer from dysmenorrhea for up to 3 days should be treated for those who affect their lives. The treatment of primary dysmenorrhea is mainly symptomatic treatment, mainly analgesia and sedation.

General treatment

(1) Pay attention to psychotherapy to eliminate tension and anxiety.

(2) Adequate rest and sleep, regular and moderate exercise, and quit smoking.

(3) When the pain is intolerable, supplement with medication.

2. Drug treatment

(1) For dysmenorrhea caused by adenomyosis without fertility requirements, Man Yue Le Huan is the first choice.

(2) Oral contraceptives: suitable for dysmenorrhea women who require contraception, with an effective rate of more than 90%.

(3) Over-the-counter drugs: acetaminophen, acetaminophen plus parmabromide, ethylene salicylic acid (aspirin).

Dysmenorrhea prevention

1. Keep warm during menstruation, avoid cold and menstrual cold.

2. During the menstrual period, fast food and cold food should be avoided. No menstrual periods allowed to swim, tub bath, cold water bath.

3. Keep vagina clean and sanitary during menstruation.

4. Adjust your emotions, keep your mind comfortable, and eliminate fear.

5. If severe dysmenorrhea occurs, or even fainting, warm first, and then give antispasmodic analgesics.

6. Drink hot milk. Such as drinking a cup of hot milk with a spoonful of honey before bed every night can relieve dysmenorrhea.

7. Exercises such as yoga, bending down, and relaxation can relax muscles and nerves, and physical fitness can help improve menstrual pain.

8. Actively and correctly check and treat gynecological diseases. Unnecessary gynecological examinations and various surgeries should be avoided during menstruation to prevent bacterial infection. Patients with gynecological diseases should be actively treated to eliminate the hidden dangers of dysmenorrhea.