What Is the Concern about Lung Cancer in the Lymph Nodes?

Lymph node metastasis is the most common form of tumor metastasis. It refers to the phenomenon that infiltrating tumor cells pass through the lymphatic vessel wall and are taken to the lymph nodes in the confluence area with the lymph fluid, and the same tumor grows as the center.

Lymph node metastasis

Definition of lymph node metastasis

Chinese name: Lymph node English name: lymph node Definition: It is a peripheral lymphoid organ, located in the lymphatic pool, and is the site of lymphocyte colonization and adaptive immune response. Applied disciplines: immunology (first-level discipline); immune system (second-level discipline); immune organs (third-level discipline) Lymph nodes are organs unique to mammals. Superficial lymph nodes in normal people are small, with a diameter of less than 0.5 cm, and the surface is smooth and soft. There is no adhesion to the surrounding tissues and no tenderness. When bacteria enter your body from the injury, lymphocytes produce lymphokines and antibodies to effectively kill the bacteria. The result is a reactive hyperplasia of lymphocytes and histiocytes in the lymph nodes, which makes the lymph nodes swollen, which is called lymph node reactive hyperplasia. There are also viruses, certain chemical drugs, metabolic toxic products, degenerate tissue components and foreign bodies that can cause reactive hyperplasia of lymph nodes. Therefore, the enlarged lymph node is the beacon of the human body and an alarm device.

Lymph nodes

Lymph node metastasis process

Lymph node metastasis generally first arrives at the group of lymph nodes closest to the tumor (first stop), and then in sequence at the farther distance (second and third stops). When tumor cells infiltrate and grow at each station, The adjacent lymph nodes in the same group expand. However, there are exceptions. Some patients can also directly transfer the lymph nodes in the short-circuit bypass path to a group of nodes that are farther away (second or third station). This is clinically called this The metastatic method is jump-type metastasis. For example, cervical cancer metastases to the cervical lymph nodes first occur after the pelvic peritoneum has not metastasized to the mediastinal lymph nodes.

In addition, there may also be a metastasis in the direction of countercurrent lymphatic confluence to the lymph nodes on the centrifugal side, which may be the result of the obstruction of the lymph vessels in the downstream direction. Such as cervical cancer metastasis to intraperitoneal lymph nodes, gastric cancer metastasis to medullary fossa lymph nodes or intraperitoneal lymph nodes. These characteristics increase the complexity of tumor metastasis, so that there are still some patients with cervical lymph nodes that have confirmed metastatic cancer in the clinic, but eventually they cannot find the primary lesion. This is a very special problem when choosing a treatment plan clinically. Sometimes the treatment time is delayed due to the search for the primary tumor, which affects the prognosis of patients.

Lymph node metastasis cancer metastasis

Lymph node metastasis neck cancer

Cervical lymph node metastatic carcinoma, English name: cervical lymph node metastatic carcinoma , cervical lymph node metastatic carcinoma accounts for about 3/4 of the total number of malignant tumors in the neck; the incidence of cervical lymph nodes is second only to chronic Lymphadenitis and thyroid disease. Most of the primary cancerous foci (85%) are in the head and neck, especially the metastases of nasopharyngeal cancer and thyroid cancer. The primary cancerous foci of the supraclavicular fossa metastasis are mostly in the chest and abdomen (including lung, mediastinum, breast, gastrointestinal tract, pancreas, etc.); Fossa in the left clavicle.

Lymph node metastasis esophageal cancer

Esophageal cancer is a clinically common malignant tumor with high mortality and poor prognosis. There are many factors affecting the prognosis of esophageal cancer. The main factors are tumor metastasis and tumor invasion. Lymph nodes are the main parts of esophageal cancer metastasis. The lymphatic drainage area involves the neck, chest and abdomen, which has important clinical significance for its detection and monitoring. . Lymphatic metastasis is the main metastasis method of esophageal cancer. Lymphatic metastasis of esophageal cancer has a wide range, and there are certain metastasis rules.

Lymph node metastasis lung cancer

Lung cancer lymph node metastasis is a common main spreading route of bronchial lung cancer. The treatment of lung cancer lymph node metastasis depends on the lymph node metastasis.

There are three cases of lymph node metastasis in lung cancer: one is hilar lymph node metastasis N1, and N is the abbreviation of lymph nodes. For example, we live in 201, 200, and 202 are N1. N1 lung cancer can be well treated radically by surgery. Pathology after surgery For patients with confirmed hilar lymph node metastasis N1, postoperative plus adjuvant chemotherapy can extend five-year survival.

Lymph node metastasis breast cancer

Breast cancer cells metastasize along the lymphatic vessels. Recent metastases to the supraclavicular lymph nodes have proven to be advanced and can be treated with radiation.

Conditions for feasible breast-conserving surgery:

1. Peripheral breast tumor, which is located outside the areola and nipple.

2. Breast cancer with tumors 3 cm.

3. If the tumor is> 3cm but 5cm, chemotherapy should be performed in 2 to 4 cycles. If the tumor is 3cm, breast-conserving surgery is still feasible.

4. There is no metastasis to the axillary lymph nodes (European and American studies suggest that breast cancer that is positive for axillary lymph nodes also has the condition to perform breast-conserving surgery).

5. Mammography of the mammary gland indicated that localized microcalcifications were confirmed to be cancerous by "stereotactic" resection biopsy. Breast-conserving surgery is still feasible.

6. The study believes that as long as the negative margin is ensured, invasive ductal carcinoma and invasive lobular carcinoma can be performed breast-conserving surgery.

Absolute contraindications: there are two or more tumors in different quadrants, and the molybdenum target shows scattered malignant calcifications.

Regional lymph node metastasis

The lymphatic system is spread all over the body, and the lymphatic branches of the whole body are constantly circulating at any time. In this sense, it seems that tumor metastasis can occur throughout the body, but clinically, lymphatic metastasis is generally regional. In addition, there is a common occurrence of metastasis, which is the mediastinal and hilar aortic lymph nodes.

Lymph node metastasis thoracic duct

The thoracic duct is the largest lymphatic trunk in the whole body, which contains almost all the lymphatic blood flow except the right upper body. The thoracic duct originates from the chyle pool and runs through the aortic hole through the diaphragm. Enter the thorax, along the posterior mediastinum between the hand post and the esophagus, and ascend to the base of the neck. Lymph fluid flows into the left internal jugular vein, left subclavian vein or Yuanming vein, with a total length of 30 '"'-'40cm and a king diameter of 2'" '-' 5mm. The thoracic duct has many branches and communicates with each other through its sides. Malignant tumors of the abdomen and chest organs. Coins may invade thoracic ducts, such as gastric cancer, cervical cancer, lung cancer, and competent cancer. Cancer cells can pass through all branches or breast milk of the thoracic duct, directly spread or infiltrate along the thoracic duct, and can flow into the thoracic duct cavity with lymphoma plugs in the lymph fluid. Violation of thoracic ducts ranged from 3.6% to 37.6% F.

Lymph node metastasis to the clavicle

The upper bone lymph nodes are the lower group of deep cervical lymph nodes. They are located near the injection site of the jugular vein and thoracic duct at the root of the neck. Due to the anatomical connection with the thoracic duct, the metastasis of the supraclavicular body is mostly on the left side. The supraclavicular lymph node metastasis is related to the following factors: In some patients whose full length of the thoracic duct is violated, the cancerous packets can spread directly to the supraclavicular lymph nodes.

Sometimes, although the thoracic duct is not invaded, the occlusive part of the thoracic duct will inevitably have tumor plugs flowing in love. These flowing tumor cells can retrograde human clavicle lymph nodes due to respiratory movement, or the tumor cells are blocked in At the end of the thoracic duct.

Invasion of the thoracic duct spreads directly to the supraclavicular lymph nodes. In some patients, the thoracic duct was not invaded, but the supraclavicular lymph node metastasis also occurred. This may be due to the transfer of thoracoabdominal lymph nodes to the supraclavicular lymph node through the branch of the thoracic duct.

Lymph node metastasis

The scalene lymph nodes are small lymph nodes located in the anterior cervical region and deep in the lower part of the sternocleidomastoid muscle. Sometimes, no obvious lymph nodes can be seen at all. On the surface, it is considered adipose tissue, but it is also an important metastasis site for malignant tumors of the thoracic and abdominal organs, and has special clinical significance. This is because thoracic and abdominal tumors such as lung cancer and other abdominal cancers, where metastasis can occur at an earlier stage. Although this kind of metastasis is relatively hidden and difficult to detect clinically, it is often considered clinically when the lymph node metastasis occurs here.

Obviously, it is very important to notice in time that there is a meta transfer here. Therefore, some oncologists with a positive attitude have suggested that even if the lymph nodes in the supraclavicular and deep cervical superficial lymph nodes are not touched clinically, this group of lymph node biopsies should be routinely performed. According to statistics, in the clinically estimated cases of radical surgery, the lymph node metastasis rate in this group is of special significance. Lung cancer accounts for 10% -26%, breast cancer 15%, cervical cancer 13%, and gastric cancer 6%.

Lymph node metastasis

Interpectoral lymph nodes are a group of lymph nodes located between the pectoralis major and pectoralis minor muscles. It is characterized by distribution along the thoracic acromion artery and thoracic branch, especially in patients with breast cancer. This group of lymph node metastasis is more important. Unfortunately, the importance of group lymph nodes has not attracted widespread attention from clinicians, including many classic anatomy textbooks and pathology literature. According to the literature, 23% of the "" "-'65% of the specimens after radical mastectomy of breast cancer can be found in this group of lymph nodes, even in the case of axillary lymph nodes.

The pectoral lymph nodes metastasized separately. Therefore, it is considered that lymph node metastasis in this group is of equal importance to axillary lymph node metastasis, and their 5-year survival rates are the same. It can be seen that during the radical operation of breast cancer, the lymph nodes of the pectoral muscle is a clear site that cannot be ignored.

Lymph node metastatic colon cancer

Colon cancer is one of the common malignant tumors. Patients who have advanced to the advanced stage are susceptible to lymphatic metastasis of colon cancer in early summer. When patients have symptoms of lymphatic metastasis of colon cancer, they must be treated in time to prevent further deterioration of the disease affecting the patient There is also a lot of knowledge about life and lymphatic metastasis of colon cancer, and many patients and their families do not understand it well.

The following is a brief introduction to lymphatic metastasis of colon cancer:

I. Sequence of Lymphatic Metastasis of Colon Cancer Lymphatic metastasis of colon cancer generally spreads from near to far in the following order, but there are also metastasis across the order.

(1) Colonic lymph nodes in the intestinal fat papilla.

(2) The paracolonic lymph nodes are located in the mesangium adjacent to the colon wall.

(3) Mesangial vascular lymph node is located next to the blood vessels in the middle of the mesentery, also called the middle lymph node group.

(4) Mesangial root lymph node colonic mesangial root.

2. Factors related to lymphatic metastasis in colon cancer patients Studies have shown that colorectal cancer lymph node metastasis is related to tumor location, depth of invasion, and degree of differentiation. The chance of lymphatic metastasis increases after the cancer invades the intestinal muscularis. If the subserosal lymphatics are invaded, the chance of lymphatic metastasis is greater. Moreover, the depth of tumor invasion is also related to the chance of jumping metastases. Because the tumor infiltrates into the deep lymphatic vessels of the intestinal wall and invades the deep mucosal lymphatics, the cancer cells or tumor emboli in the lymphatic vessels leave the primary foci with the lymph fluid, stay or embolize in the same lymphatic vessels, and form new cancer foci. Distant marginal arterial or central jump. Therefore, it should be recognized that distant lymph node metastasis (except those with peritoneal implantation and liver metastasis) is not a contraindication to surgery, and extensive lymph node dissection should be performed.

Third, talk about the treatment of lymphatic metastasis of colon cancer The treatment of lymphatic metastasis of colon cancer is aimed at controlling symptoms, restraining metastasis, and stabilizing the disease. Especially in patients with lymphatic metastasis of colon cancer in the advanced stage, the time of treatment after lymphatic metastasis is relatively reduced, and it is important to choose a scientific symptomatic and reasonable standard treatment method. The treatment of colon cancer lymphatic metastasis includes pregnancy surgery, radiotherapy and chemotherapy, and traditional Chinese medicine treatment. The appropriate treatment should be selected according to the patient's own situation. Surgical resection of colon cancer lymphatic metastasis surgery is still one of the first treatment methods.

Surgical resection after lymphatic metastasis of colon cancer has great limitations. For example, the lymphatic metastasis of the lower rectal cancer may have lateral metastasis to the intrasacral lymph nodes and obturator lymph nodes. Radical surgery needs to include the rectal and anal canal tissue and the anus. The levator muscle does not preserve the anal sphincter. If the local invasion of the cancer is severe or the metastasis is too extensive to cure, in order to remove the obstruction and alleviate the patient's suffering, remedial resection is feasible. No matter what kind of surgical resection will bring greater trauma to the patient and easy to relapse, often sponsored treatment with traditional Chinese medicine and traditional Chinese medicine can strengthen surgical tolerance, improve postoperative recovery, and reduce the probability of postoperative recurrence and metastasis.

Chemoradiotherapy for lymphatic metastasis of colon cancer is the primary measure in the treatment of lymphatic metastasis of colon cancer, and its short-term effect is obvious. Radiotherapy and chemotherapy can effectively restrain the primary lesions, suppress lymphatic metastasis, and reduce the rate of local recurrence and metastasis, but the toxic and side effects of radiotherapy and chemotherapy are large, such as restraining the bone marrow hematopoietic system and reducing the number of white blood cells and platelets. The traditional Chinese medicine combined with Zhengzheng Guben can supplement the deficiency of radiotherapy and chemotherapy, reduce the damage of radiotherapy and chemotherapy to the hematopoietic system, and reduce the toxic and side effects.

Lymph node metastatic thyroid cancer

There are four main types of thyroid cancer, and the four types of metastasis are different. For example, the main metastatic pathway of papillary cancer is lymph node metastasis in the neck, while follicular cancer rarely metastasizes through lymph nodes, and it is mainly through metastasis of blood.

The characteristics of lymph node metastasis of thyroid cancer are: most of the metastasized lymph nodes are around the veins in the neck, and they will also metastasize to the triangular area at the back of the neck along the lymphatic vessels, and sometimes to the mediastinal lymph nodes, but rarely to the jaw The phenomenon of regional shift.

Lymph node metastasis bladder cancer

Lymphatic patients have a 25-year survival rate of only 25%
According to whether the normal muscle layer of the bladder is violated, bladder cancer is mainly divided into two types: non-muscle invasive bladder cancer and muscle layer invasive bladder cancer.
"If it is found early, after surgical resection, the five-year survival rate of the patient can reach about 70%; but if the bladder cancer infiltrates the bladder muscle layer, the prognosis of the patient will be significantly worse. Once metastasis, the two-year survival rate is only About 25%. It is said that 20% to 30% of patients are muscular invasive bladder cancer at the time of diagnosis, which is prone to lymphatic metastasis, and pelvic lymphatic metastasis is the most important metastatic route of bladder cancer.
For such patients, radical treatment is mainly used clinically. "But once transferred, surgery is difficult to cut clean, and chemotherapy is difficult to avoid killing normal cells, so these methods are not particularly ideal."
Stop cancer cell metastasis and solve the problem of treatment <br /> In previous research, Professor Lin Tianyi's group found that abnormal expression of a class of molecules called long-chain non-coding RNA may play an important role in lymphatic metastasis of bladder cancer . It causes relatively fixed, non-invasive epithelial cancer cells to transform into mesenchymal cells with the ability to invade and move far away (scientifically called "epithelial-mesenchymal transition"), which leads to the cancer cells' Transfer.
"If the expression of such long-chain non-coding RNAs can be corrected, that hopefully blocks or even reverses this process, it also means that there is hope to prevent distant metastasis of cancer cells, thereby achieving the purpose of treatment." Lin Tianyi said Their project is to take the molecular mechanism of bladder cancer metastasis as an entry point, conduct in-depth research on how long-chain non-coding RNA regulates the expression of downstream target genes, determine the key steps for lymphatic metastasis of bladder cancer, and find out New molecular mechanisms and new targets that can be applied to subsequent interventions provide new molecular targets for the early diagnosis and personalized treatment of bladder cancer ^[1] .

Lymph node metastasis other treatments

If the diagnosis is made after a lymph node biopsy, targeted treatment based on the diagnosis is sufficient.

If the origin is still undiagnosable and there is a malignant tumor, this patient has the best surgery. But unfortunately, due to location restrictions, it is not suitable for surgery.

Radiotherapy is the main method.

In addition, if you want to improve the efficacy, it is possible to cooperate with chemotherapy.

Lymph node metastasis food therapy

1 Peeled garlic head 90 grams, 2 duck eggs, add the same amount of water and cook. After the duck eggs are cooked, remove the shell and cook for a while, eat soup and eat eggs, 2-4 times a day, can cure early cervical lymph tuberculosis.

2 30 grams of fresh conch shell, 1 egg, wine, decoction, beginning treatment of cervical lymph tuberculosis

3 Seaweed pork soup-100 grams of lean pork, 25 grams of seaweed soup, add an appropriate amount of salt, MSG seasoning. It has the functions of clearing heat, reducing phlegm, and strengthening the skin. For goiter, cervical lymph node tuberculosis, beriberi, etc.

4 Prunella boiled pork-30 grams of prunella and 50-100 grams of lean pork, cook soup, season with salt after cooking, and drink soup. It has the functions of clearing heat, loosening and reducing blood pressure. Suitable for hypertension, headache, dizziness, cervical lymphadenopathy, tuberculosis, breast tuberculosis, dysentery, infectious hepatitis, etc.

5 , jellyfish (soaked and desalted) 50-100 grams each, and decocting the soup in 2-3 times. This is the "Xueying Tang", which has the effects of clearing heat and reducing phlegm, eliminating stasis, and reducing blood pressure. It can be used for Treatment of phlegm-heat cough, lymph tuberculosis, and essential hypertension.

6 Coriander steamed chicken liver-6-10 grams of coriander seeds, roasted on a fire, grind into fine powder and mix with 1-2 chicken livers, steamed and eaten together. It has the functions of eliminating phlegm, replenishing liver and kidney, and nourishing blood. Applicable to lymph tuberculosis, tuberculosis, pediatric embolism, etc.

7 Use 3 kg of raw taro, dry the ground, and use another 300 grams of Chen Haiyu (washed salt) and 300 grams of horseshoe, add water to boil and remove the residue, mix with taro powder to make pills like mung beans, use warm water Delivered, 6 grams each time, three times a day; or washed with fresh taro, steamed and peeled in a pot, seasoned with soy sauce, eat as a dish every day. Treatment of embolism, cervical lymphadenopathy, etc.

8 Seaweed, 30 grams each of raw oysters, 15 grams of black ginseng, 10 grams of prunella vulgaris (or 10 grams each of seaweed, prunella vulgaris, incense, and Fritillaria cirrhosa), decoction to treat lymph tuberculosis

9 150-200 grams of soy beans, 30 grams each of seaweed and kelp, boil the same soup and season with salt or sugar. It has antipyretic, antihypertensive, loosening and softening effects, and is suitable for hypertension, simple goiter, chronic cervical lymphadenitis and other symptoms. Special Note: Those who are frail, have cold stomach or cold stools, and thin stools should not eat.

Lymph node metastasis prevention method

A) Develop a good lifestyle, stop smoking and limit alcohol and smoking. The World Health Organization predicts that if people stop smoking, 5 years later, the world's cancer will decrease by 1/3. Second, don't drink too much. Tobacco and alcohol are extremely acidic substances. People who smoke and drink for a long time can easily cause acid constitution.

B) Do not eat salty and spicy foods too much, do not eat foods that are too hot, too cold, expired and spoiled; those who are frail or have certain disease genetic genes should eat some anti-cancer foods and high alkali content, as appropriate. Alkaline foods maintain a good mental state.

C) Have a good attitude to cope with stress, work and rest, and don't be overly tired. It can be seen that stress is an important cause of cancer. Chinese medicine believes that stress leads to overwork and weakness, which results in decreased immune function, endocrine disorders, metabolic disorders in the body, and the deposition of acidic substances in the body; and stress can also cause mental tension and cause qi stagnation, blood stasis, and poison The fire was trapped.

D) Strengthen physical exercise and physical fitness, exercise more in the sun, and sweat more to expel acidic substances from the body with sweat to avoid the formation of acidic physique.

E) People who have regular lives and irregular habits, such as singing karaoke all night, playing mahjong, and not returning home at night, will aggravate their acidity and be prone to cancer. You should develop good living habits so as to maintain a weak alkaline constitution and keep all kinds of cancer diseases away from yourself.

F) Do not eat contaminated food, such as: contaminated water, crops, poultry, fish eggs, moldy food, etc., eat some green organic food, and prevent illness from entering the mouth.