What Are Big Data?

Big data, a term in the IT industry, refers to a collection of data that cannot be captured, managed, and processed with conventional software tools within a certain time frame. It requires a new processing model to have stronger decision-making, insight, and Massive, high growth rates and diverse information assets for process optimization capabilities. ^[1]

Volume: The size of the data determines the value and potential information of the data under consideration; ^[6]

Big data includes structured, semi-structured, and unstructured data. Unstructured data is increasingly becoming a major part of data. According to IDC's survey report, 80% of the data in enterprises are unstructured data, and these data increase exponentially by 60% each year. ^[7]

The Los Angeles Police Department and the University of California collaborate to use big data to predict crime.

Google Flu Trends uses search keywords to predict the spread of bird flu.

Statistician Nate Silver uses big data to predict the 2012 US election results.

MIT uses cellphone location data and traffic data to create urban plans.

Macy's real-time pricing mechanism. Based on demand and inventory, the company's SAS-based system adjusted real-time prices for up to 73 million items. ^[9]

Today's society is a fast-developing society with advanced technology and information flow. People are getting closer and closer, and life is becoming more and more convenient. Big data is the product of this high-tech era. ^[11]

Trend One: Data Resources

What is resource utilization means that big data has become an important strategic resource that enterprises and society pay attention to, and it has become a new focus that everyone is vying for. Therefore, enterprises must formulate a big data marketing strategy plan in advance to seize market opportunities.

Trend 2: Deep integration with cloud computing

Big data is inseparable from cloud processing. Cloud processing provides elastic and scalable basic equipment for big data and is one of the platforms for generating big data. Since 2013, big data technology has been closely integrated with cloud computing technology, and it is expected that the relationship between the two will be closer in the future. In addition, emerging forms of computing, such as the Internet of Things and mobile Internet, will also help the big data revolution and allow big data marketing to exert a greater influence.

Trend three: breakthroughs in scientific theory

With the rapid development of big data, just like computers and the Internet, big data is likely to be a new round of technological revolution. Relevant technologies such as data mining, machine learning, and artificial intelligence that have emerged may change many algorithms and basic theories in the data world, achieving breakthroughs in science and technology.

Trend 4: The establishment of data science and data alliances

In the future, data science will become a specialized discipline, recognized by more and more people. Major universities will set up specialized data science majors, and will also generate a number of new jobs related to them. At the same time, based on the basic platform of data, a cross-domain data sharing platform will also be established. After that, data sharing will expand to the enterprise level and become the core link of the future industry.

Trend Five: Data Leaks Spread

The growth rate of data breaches in the next few years may reach 100% unless the data can be secured at its source. It can be said that in the future, every Fortune 500 company will face data attacks, regardless of whether they have prepared for security. And all businesses, large and small, need to rethink today's definition of security. More than 50% of Fortune 500 companies will have the position of Chief Information Security Officer. Enterprises need to ensure their own and customer data from a new perspective. All data needs to be secured at the beginning of creation, not at the last step of data storage. Just strengthening the latter's security measures has proven to be useless.

Trend Six: Data Management Becomes Core Competitiveness

Data management has become a core competitiveness, which directly affects financial performance. When the concept of "data assets is the core assets of the enterprise" has been deeply rooted in the hearts of the people, enterprises have a clearer definition of data management. Data management is regarded as the core competitiveness of the enterprise. Continuous development, strategic planning and use of data assets, become corporate data. The core of management. The efficiency of data asset management is significantly positively related to the growth rate of main business income and the growth rate of sales revenue. In addition, for companies with Internet thinking, the proportion of data asset competitiveness is 36.8%, and the management effect of data assets will directly affect The financial performance of the business.

Trend 7: Data quality is the key to BI (Business Intelligence) success

Companies that use self-service business intelligence tools for big data processing will stand out. One of the challenges is that many data sources bring a lot of low-quality data. To succeed, companies need to understand the gap between raw data and data analysis to eliminate low-quality data and make better decisions through BI.

Trend VIII: Strengthening the degree of compounding of the data ecosystem

The world of big data is not just a single, huge computer network, but an ecosystem composed of a large number of activity components and multiple participant elements. Terminal equipment providers, infrastructure providers, network service providers, network access Into the ecosystem built by a series of participants such as service providers, data service enablers, data service providers, contact services, data service retailers, and so on. Today, the basic prototype of such a data ecosystem has been formed, and the next development will tend to the subdivision of the internal roles of the system, that is, the segmentation of the market; the adjustment of the system mechanism, that is, the innovation of the business model; the structure of the system Adjustment, that is, adjustment of the competitive environment, etc., thereby gradually increasing the degree of compounding of the data ecosystem. ^[15]

The concept of big data is applied to the data generated by IT operation tools. Big data can enable IT management software vendors to solve a wide range of business decisions. IT systems, applications and technology infrastructure generate data every second. Big data unstructured or structured data represent absolute records of 'all users' actions, service levels, security, risks, fraud, etc.'.

Big data analysis was created to

Signed and approved by Premier Li Keqiang, in September 2015, the State Council issued the "Outline of Action to Promote the Development of Big Data" (hereinafter referred to as the "Outline"), and systematically deploy the development of big data.

The "Outline" is clear, promote the development and application of big data, create a new model of social governance with precise governance and multi-party cooperation in the next 5 to 10 years, establish a new mechanism for stable, safe and efficient economic operation, and build people-oriented services that benefit the entire people. The new system opens a new pattern of innovation driven by mass entrepreneurship and innovation, and cultivates a new ecology for high-end intelligent and emerging and prosperous industrial development.

The "Outline" deploys three main tasks. First, we must accelerate the open sharing of government data, promote resource integration, and improve governance capabilities. Vigorously promote the data sharing of government departments, steadily promote the opening of public data resources, coordinate the planning of big data infrastructure construction, support the scientificization of macro-control, promote the precision of government governance, promote the convenience of commercial services, promote the efficiency of security guarantees, and accelerate the popularization of livelihood services Huihua. Second, we must promote industrial innovation and development, cultivate new business formats, and help economic transformation. Develop the application of big data in industrial, emerging industries, agricultural and rural industries, promote the organic combination of big data development and scientific research and innovation, advance basic research and core technology research, form a big data product system, and improve the big data industry chain. Third, we must strengthen safety guarantees, improve management levels, and promote healthy development. Improve the big data security system and strengthen security support. ^[17]

On September 18, 2015, Guizhou Province started the construction of China's first big data comprehensive experimental area, and strived to build the Guizhou big data comprehensive experimental area into a national data aggregation application new highland and comprehensive governance demonstration area through 3 to 5 years of efforts. , Industrial development gathering area, the preferred place for entrepreneurial innovation, and the policy innovation leading area.

Aiming at this goal, Guizhou Province will focus on building "three major systems", focusing on "seven major platforms" and implementing "ten major projects."

The "three major systems" refers to the establishment of a first-in-first-test policy and regulation system, a cross-border integrated industrial ecosystem, and the prevention and control of an integrated security system; the "seven major platforms" refers to the creation of a big data demonstration platform, a big data aggregation platform, Big data application platform, big data transaction platform, big data financial service platform, big data exchange and cooperation platform, and big data entrepreneurship and innovation platform; the "ten major projects" are the implementation of data resource convergence projects, government data sharing open projects, and comprehensive governance demonstration and improvement Engineering, big data for the benefit of the people project, big data three types of cultivation project, traditional industry transformation and upgrading project, information infrastructure upgrading project, talent cultivation and introduction project, big data security protection project and big data regional pilot integrated development project.

In addition, Guizhou Province plans to explore new models of big data applications through the construction of comprehensive test areas, cultivate new approaches to big data transactions, conduct market trials of data transactions, encourage data exchange between upstream and downstream of the industry chain, and standardize data resources. Trading behaviors promote the formation of new formats.

Relevant experts from the National Development and Reform Commission said that the construction of a big data comprehensive experimental area is not simply an industrial park, a data center, or a cloud platform. It must rely on existing facilities and resources to make good use of existing facilities and build new ones. Plan well to avoid waste and loss of space resources. Explore a new model of big data application, focus on data, use data, and manage data to carry out first trials and better serve the national big data development strategy. ^[18]

On March 17, 2016, the Outline of the Thirteenth Five-Year Plan for the National Economic and Social Development of the People's Republic of China was issued, of which Chapter 27, "Implementing the National Big Data Strategy," proposed that big data be used as a basic strategic resource , Comprehensively implement actions to promote the development of big data, accelerate the promotion of data resource sharing, opening up, and development and application, and help industrial transformation and upgrading and social governance innovation; specifically include: accelerating the open and sharing of government data and promoting the healthy development of the big data industry. ^[19]