What Are the Advantages of Plastic Pallets?

Plastic pallet (pallet) is a logistics unit used in conjunction with forklifts, shelves and other logistics equipment. It can be used to store, load and move goods. It is one of the essential logistics equipment in modern logistics warehousing. The emergence of plastic trays is the best product to meet the needs of environmental protection. The use of plastic trays instead of wooden trays can reduce the damage to forests; it is an inevitable product of the development of the logistics industry. With the continuous strengthening of the concept of food safety, the medical industry has high requirements for hygiene , Plastic trays are favored and sought after by the food and pharmaceutical industries for their anti-corrosion, anti-humidity, anti-rust, anti-moth, non-mold and other characteristics. In addition, the characteristics of high load-bearing performance and long service life of plastic trays are widely used in chemical, light textile, manufacturing and other fields.

Plastic tray

Chinese definition of scientific term: tray

English name: pallet

Scientific Chinese name in industry: Plastic tray

English name: Plastic tray

Definition 1:

Equipment supporting units for operation and installation.

Subjects: ship engineering (first-level discipline); ship technology (second-level discipline)

Definition 2 :

A device that can install workpieces and their accompanying fixtures, which can be exchanged between workstations and tables.

Subject: Mechanical Engineering (first-level discipline);

Cutting process technology and equipment (secondary discipline);

Metal cutting machine tools-metal machine tool parts (third level subject)

Chinese national standard "logistics term" defines a pallet as: a horizontal platform device used for container loading, stacking, handling, and transportation to place goods and products as a unit load. As

1. The size is 110cm in length * 110cm in width. The flat panel is used on both sides. It is inserted in four directions. It has a dynamic load of 1.5 tons and a static load of 5 tons. The color is orange. The raw material is low-pressure high-density polyethylene (HDPE) pure raw material (no irritating odor, non-toxic and harmless gas emission). The materials used must be corrosion-resistant, do not add recycled materials, and do not use steel pipes for reinforcement. The warranty period is 3 years. For damage caused by quality problems during the warranty period, free replacement will be provided according to the ratio of 1 damaged tray to 1 new tray. If it exceeds the shelf life or is damaged due to operation problems, it will be replaced free of charge according to the ratio of 3 damaged pallets to 1 new pallet. The replacement freight will be borne by the manufacturer. If it does not meet the requirements, Yisheng Petrochemical has the right to request return.

2. Pallet technical standards refer to the requirements of national standard GB / T15234-94.

3. Pallet acceptance requirements meet the GB2934-82 intermodal flat pallet size series.

4. Tray use temperature range: Tray is normally used in the temperature range of -40 to + 60 .

5. Appearance: The surface of the tray should be flat without burrs and cracks and deformations affecting use. There should be no obvious color difference on a single tray, which is consistent with the color of the same batch of products.

Palletizing

1. Wooden, paper and metal containers, such as rigid cuboids, are stacked in single or multiple layers, stretched or shrunk in film;

2. Paper or fiber cargoes are stacked in multiple layers and sealed with cross straps;

3. Single-layer or multi-layer stacking of cylindrical cargo such as sealed metal containers, and wooden cargo lid reinforcement;

4. Paper products and textile goods that need to be protected from moisture and water, such as single-layer or multi-layer staggered stacking, stretch or shrink film packaging, increase corner support, cargo cover partitions and other reinforcement structures

5. One-way or multi-layer stacking of fragile goods, adding wooden support partition structure;

6. Single-layer vertical stacking of metal cylinder cylindrical containers or goods, adding cargo frames and slat reinforcement structures;

7. Multi-layer staggered compaction of bag goods.

In September 2002, the Pallet Professional Committee of the China Federation of Logistics and Purchasing conducted a survey of more than 300 production, transportation, warehousing, and distribution companies in four major cities: Beijing, Tianjin, Shanghai, and Guangzhou. How to solve the problem and conduct a specific understanding and analysis of the use of pallets in China. This work is conducive to strengthening the coordination and guidance of the pallet industry, and also provides valuable information and suggestions for logistics management departments and related enterprises.

Material of existing tray

A preliminary survey by the Pallet Professional Committee of the China Federation of Logistics and Purchasing shows that China now has about 50 million to 70 million pieces of various types of pallets, with an annual output increase of about 20 million pieces. Among them, wooden flat pallets account for about 90%, plastic flat pallets account for 8%, steel pallets, composite material pallets and paper pallets together account for 2%. The rise of composite flat pallets and plastic pallets is large.

Standards and main specifications

Currently, pallet specifications in China are quite confusing. In addition to the use of 800mm × 1000mm and 500mm ~ 800mm two types of pallets specified by JB3003-81 in the mechanical industry system, in 1996, the Research Institute of the Ministry of Communications of the People's Republic of China also proposed to equivalent ISO6780: 1988 "General Dimensions and Tolerances of Intermodal General Flat Pallets" Adopted as the national standard for Chinese pallets. In the future, the former National Technical Supervision Bureau approved and issued this equivalent standard under the GB / T2934-1996 standard serial number, which includes four pallet specifications including 1200mm × 1000mm, 1200mm × 800mm, 1140mm × 1140mm, and 1219mm × 1016mm.

In addition, regarding pallet standards, China also has GB / T3716-2000 pallet terminology, GB / T16470-1996 pallet packaging,

Plastic trays are suitable for chemical, petrochemical, food, aquatic products, feed, clothing, shoemaking, electronics, electrical appliances, ports, terminals, catering, biomedicine, machinery hardware, automobile manufacturing, petrochemical, three-dimensional storage, logistics, Warehouse handling, storage shelves, auto parts, beer and beverages, electronic and electrical textile printing and dyeing, printing and packaging, logistics centers and other industries.

* In terms of corrosion resistance, plastic trays are the best, plastic wood is the second, and steel trays are the worst;

* In terms of moisture resistance, the performance of the plastic tray is excellent;

* In terms of insect resistance, steel trays are the best, followed by plastic trays;

* In terms of average life, steel trays and plastic trays are indistinguishable;

* Paper and wood pallets have certain advantages in pallet weight;

* In terms of load-bearing performance, steel trays work best; paper trays are inferior;

* In use performance, plastic and steel trays are better than paper and wood trays;

* In terms of pallet prices, wooden pallets have advantages, followed by paper and plastic wood, and steel pallets are the most expensive.

However, due to different uses in actual use, some pallets are difficult to replace with other varieties. For example, when carrying heavy items, steel trays are irreplaceable. But overall, plastic, plastic-wood composite and paper trays will be more promising products, and among them plastic trays are the most promising.

Transportation advantages

(1) The use of pallets can improve labor conditions and eliminate heavy physical labor;

(2) The operating time is greatly reduced, the delivery time is shortened, and the truck's transportation rate is increased; usually the driver of a forklift can do the work of ten people. If the goods are scattered or heavy, one person can be said to be equivalent to two The workload of ten people;

(3) It is rare for the goods to be damaged during pallet transportation. When carrying out manual operations, the goods may be damaged due to fatigue, mistakes, and loosening;

(4) The use of pallets has a certain number of cargo loads, which can prevent quantity errors during shipment and facilitate quantity management;

(5) Effectively organize and rectify storage places to implement three-dimensional storage;

(6) The functions of three-dimensional warehouses, automatic shelf warehouses, etc. cannot be realized without pallets;

(7) Pallets must be provided for unmanned transportation in the factory;

(8) Process plans and schedules for handling operations can be formulated. As a disadvantage, the pallet itself has a certain weight and volume, and it will produce extra weight and volume when it is transported with the goods. However, this disadvantage is much smaller than the advantages, so factories, distribution warehouses, and distribution centers in advanced countries in the world must use pallets.

1. Pluggable on all sides, easy to operate;

2. Not only suitable for stacking each other in the warehouse, but also suitable for use on various shelves;

3. Suitable for various types of truck transportation, convenient containerized and unitized transportation of materials;

4. Convenient for forklift truck, hydraulic pallet truck and other handling tools;

5. With non-slip rubber to ensure that the material will not slip during handling and transportation;

6. Long service life, and can be reused through bad;

7. Plastic trays are safe, hygienic, and resistant to insects and worms, without the need for repairs.

Affected by the production mold (complex design and expensive), the plastic pallet structure and size are poor in randomness, and the manufacturer must continue to develop and gradually enrich its product variety. But for special size requirements, sometimes it can not be met.

Because the plastic tray is basically formed at one time, its repairability is very low after damage. After a certain degree of damage, it can only be scrapped, but the waste can be recycled.

The one-time investment is large when purchasing, generally 2-5 times that of wooden pallets.

Plastic pallets are widely used in warehousing and transportation industries.

1. During the use of pallets by hydraulic vehicles and forklifts, the distance between the outer edges of the forks should be as wide as possible to the outer edge of the fork's entrance, and the depth of the forks should be greater than 2/3 of the depth of the entire pallet.

2. During the use of pallets, hydraulic trucks and forklifts should keep moving at an even speed and up and down to avoid damage to the pallet caused by sudden braking and rapid rotation, and collapse of the cargo.

3. When placing pallets on shelves, the pallets should be placed on the shelf beams in a stable position. The length of the pallets should be more than 50mm outside the shelf beams. What kind of plastic tray is suitable for use in cold storage or in high-strength use environments? Positive and negative 40 ° C. Polypropylene, which cannot be made of polypropylene, is not resistant to low temperatures. If you need to put the pallets on the shelf in the cold storage, it is best to use double-sided pallets. If the goods are not so heavy, you can choose Tianzi or Chuanzi pallets. Another: use in low temperature environment, practice has proved that modified polypropylene can be completely competent. Modified polypropylene is a high temperature incomplete polymerization product of polyethylene and polypropylene. He combines the toughness of polypropylene, the low temperature resistance of polyethylene, the stable physical properties, the resistance to wear and tear. Large chemical companies, low-temperature cold storage and other environments generally recommend the use of this material.

Plastic trays made of low-pressure high-density polyethylene can be used. Plastic trays made of pure raw materials can withstand low temperatures of minus 30 ° C. High-strength blow-moulding trays that use extrusion-blow molding at one time are generally blow-molded with HMWHDPE plastic, with a weight average molecular weight of about 350,000 to 400,000; this plastic raw material has a strong adaptability to ambient temperature Capacity, can be used stably in the environment of -40 ~ 40 , it is the first choice of plastic trays that require high-strength use environment. Due to the high cost of plastic raw materials selected for such high-strength blow-moulded trays, the processing technology is more difficult and the use of products Life is particularly long, can reach 5 to 10 years. Although the price will be higher in one purchase, the comprehensive use cost is indeed lower. When high-strength use is required, this high-strength blow-moulded tray can be selected.

sustainable development

As we all know, plastic pallets are nothing but carbon and hydrogen in terms of their atomic composition, so after recycling, incineration is a good solution, and mature experience abroad can be used for reference. Of course, waste plastic can be recycled fuel, which is even more attractive. The technical department of DOw Chemical Company estimates that the energy per pound of PS is equivalent to 75% of No. 2 fuel (20,000 British thermal units BTU). In addition, the recycled plastic pallets can be recycled and granulated as injection molding materials. Some people in China also use impregnated PS pellets to re-impregnate the plastic pallets made of such recycled plastic pallets. Plastic tray waste made of paint and glue is also a successful experience. It is said that the waste plastic tray can be decomposed into styrene monomer again. Of course, to do this, a large amount of waste plastic tray must be supplied. In summary, the so-called "white pollution" of plastic trays is essentially a recycling problem of waste plastic trays. Obviously, not littering the waste and requiring all citizens to do it seriously is indeed a rather daunting task.

No matter how seriously we raise national environmental awareness, we will only talk about the recycling of plastic pallets from the industry itself.

First, "recycling plastic pallets can develop plastic pallets." "White pollution" is caused by waste from plastic pallets. A large number of discarded plastic pallets are not recycled, and it is unacceptable for people to cause pollution to the environment. The rejection of plastic pallet products in some places and some industries is enough to illustrate the seriousness of the problem. Obviously, we have done a good job of recycling, eliminated pollutants, and turned waste into treasure. In this way, the plastic tray industry can be developed without any fear. Many advantages of plastic trays are fully utilized in the packaging industry. 3. Beautify goods and reduce losses caused by poor packaging.

2. Organize and set up the National Plastic Pallet Recycling Association. At present, the Plastic Pallet Recycling Association has been established in the Americas and Europe. Under the Asian Plastic Pallet Recycling Association, eight countries and regions including Japan, Singapore, Malaysia, South Korea, Philippines, Indonesia, Thailand, Taiwan and Hong Kong have participated. Participants in the recycling organization are mainly manufacturers of plastic pallet raw materials and products. In order to develop their own industry and for the benefit of themselves and the public, they must do a good job of recycling their products. There is no other way.

3. Recycling expenses for extracting plastic pallets .. We should learn from the good experience of other countries. In the process of selling raw materials and products for plastic pallets, we will reserve a portion of the funds necessary for recycling plastic pallets. In Europe, a recycling fee of 0.1 DM has to be paid per kg of plastic pallet products. In China, if one yuan per kilogram is collected as a recycling fee, there will be 14 million recycling costs throughout the year, plus the benefits of recycling, which will ensure the smooth progress of the recycling of plastic trays from a financial perspective.

Fourth, the above work must be supported by the government, that is, legislation must be made. The production of plastic trays of foamed foam requires legislative fees; there are incentives to collect plastic trays; the entire recycling process, up to the scientific research and production process using waste foam, must be supported by state taxation. All in all, the recycling of waste foam is a technically feasible and economically beneficial implementation condition. As long as this work is consistent in understanding, solid measures can be completely done. We can conclude that the plastic pallet industry must take the road of recycling. Only by doing a good job of recycling can we truly eliminate "white pollution". Only when recycling is concentrated, can "pollution" become waste and become a treasure, eventually promoting the healthy development of the plastic tray industry. With such a virtuous cycle, the plastic tray can become a good product for protecting the environment.

Noun concept

Plastic trays are made of thermoplastics such as PE \ PP, plus some additives to improve performance, and processed by injection molding, blow molding and other processes.

As the requirements for production conditions, storage conditions, process control, and quality management continue to increase, plastic pallets have begun to emerge due to the limitations of wooden pallets in terms of hygienic conditions and standardized production, and they quickly occupy a place. Has been widely used in machinery, electronics, food, medicine, clothing and other industries. Compared with wooden pallets, plastic pallets are more integrated, sanitary and clean, and easier to wash and disinfect. They are light in weight, non-nailed, acid and alkali resistant, and not moldy. Their service life is 5-7 Times.

Softening or melting range of plastic variety / ° c Softening or melting range of plastic variety / oc

Polyvinyl acetate 35 ~ 85 Polyoxymethylene 165 ~ 185

Polystyrene 70 ~ 115 Polypropylene 160 ~ 170

Polyvinyl chloride 75 ~ 90 Nylon 12 170 ~ 180

Polyethylene

Density 0.92 / cm3 110 nylon 11 180 ~ 190

Density 0.94 / cm3 about 120 polytrifluorochloroethylene 200 ~ 220

Density 0.96 / cm3 about 130 nylon 610 210 ~ 220

Poly-1-butene 125 ~ 135 Nylon 6 215 ~ 225

Polyvinylidene chloride 115 ~ 140 (softened) Polycarbonate 220 ~ 230

Plexiglass 126 ~ 160 poly-4-methylpentene-1 240

Cellulose acetate 125 ~ 175 nylon 66 250 ~ 260

Polyacrylonitrile 130 ~ 150 (softened) polyethylene terephthalate 250 ~ 260

There are four molding methods for plastic trays:

The first: injection molding.

The plastic tray products produced by the injection molding method are flat, smooth, structured, and dense, and have greater freedom in product design. They are divided into double-sided integrated plastic trays and double-sided assembled plastic trays.

Double-sided integral trays generally have a weight of more than 15 kg / piece and are relatively complex in shape. They require injection molding machines with a clamping force of 2,500 tons or more. This type of pallet has complex shapes, large investment and high cost, but because of fewer production processes, the production efficiency is relatively high, and the product quality is better. This method is not commonly used in general plastics processing plants.

Double-sided assembled tray, that is, the double-sided integrated tray is divided into two parts, which are injection-molded and assembled. Although this product requires 2 sets of molds, the mold structure is greatly reduced, and the total mold investment is still cheaper than the overall type. At the same time, the clamping force of the equipment is reduced. The clamping force is 1500 tons. It's easier to do. This production method may become the mainstream of plastic pallet production.

The second: extrusion-hollow blow molding method.

The extrusion-hollow blow molding of plastic pallets is similar to the general blow molding method of hollow products. Because its products are large and double-sided, it requires larger extruders, mold clamping machines and molds. At present, domestic manufacturers of hollow molding machines have developed ultra-large hollow molding machines that specialize in high-speed production of high-strength blow-moulded trays. They are produced using HMWHDPE high-strength plastics, with fast molding speed, good product quality, high strength, high stiffness, and very long Service life, the service life of general blow tray can reach 5 ~ 10 years, and it can work stably in the environment of -40 ~ 40 . Its dynamic load can reach more than 3t, and its bending strength reaches a high level. It is the first choice for some trays that require long life and high strength. Its price is higher than other plastic trays. Because its service life is particularly long, its cost performance is the highest among all trays. This method has a great advantage in saving limited petroleum resources and logistics costs as the price of molding equipment is greatly reduced.

The third type: vacuum blister molding.

There are also two types of plastic trays produced by vacuum forming: single-sided and double-sided. Single-sided blister trays are mostly used for packaging and transportation of small motors (such as vacuum cleaner motors, electric tool motors, etc.) and wire reels, which have developed rapidly and are mainly dedicated. Double-sided blister trays are assembled, divided into two forms: the upper half is an extruded fixed-length, fixed-width plastic sheet, the lower half is a large vacuum plastic product; the upper and lower half are large vacuum plastics product. Production by this method requires large-scale vacuum blistering equipment, which has lower equipment costs and lower mold costs, but the product wall thickness is uneven.

The fourth: the fourth is the extrusion molding method. The plastic trays produced by this method are assembled. That is, using an extruder, a head and the like, the slat used as the upper and lower panels and the I-shaped connecting plate with flaps as the connection support are extruded, and then assembled. The emergence of wood-plastic composite materials has promoted the development of plastic trays for extrusion molding. It uses natural plant fibers (including wood flour, husks, straw powder, rice bran, etc.) and waste plastic as the main raw materials. It makes the plastic tray not only have a woody feel, but also has the advantages of water resistance and insect resistance. . Among the four molding methods, this method has the least investment in production equipment and molds, the lowest cost, and the best performance-price ratio. This product has been produced in Beijing, Guangdong and other places.

000011 range

This standard specifies the main dimensions and tolerances of various forklift methods, different materials, single-sided and double-sided, single-sided and double-sided intermodal universal flat pallets, and related to pallet trucks, forklifts and other loading and unloading equipment. size. This standard also specifies requirements for features such as tray openings, spacing, chamfers, and wings. The applicability of this standard to double-sided trays in field use may be affected.

This standard applies to general flat pallets for highway, railway, waterway, and air transportation.

000012 Reference standard

The clauses in the following documents have become the clauses of this standard after being referenced. For dated references, all subsequent amendments (excluding the content of errata) or revisions are not applicable to this standard, however, all parties who have reached an agreement in accordance with this standard are encouraged to study whether the latest versions of these documents can be used . For undated references, the latest version applies to this standard.

GB / T3716 pallet term

Performance requirements for GB / T4995 intermodal universal flat pallets

GB / T4996 Test method for universal flat pallets

GB / T15234 plastic flat tray

GB / T18354 logistics term

ISO 6780-2003 International Material Handling Flat Pallets Main Dimensions and Tolerances

000013 Terms and definitions

This standard uses the following definition.

GB / T3716, GB / T18354 and the terms and definitions listed below are applicable to this standard.

000013.1 Tray size

Nominal planar dimensions of pallet length and pallet width.

000013.2 Tray length

L: Refers to the panel size in the direction of the stringer or stringer plate.

Note 1: The length of the pallet without stringers or stringers refers to the longer panel size.

Note 2: Determine the length of the tray first, and then determine the width of the tray.

000013.3 Tray width

W: The size of the slab perpendicular to the length of the pallet.

000013.4 end face

Vertical surface of the pallet in the width direction.

000013.5 side

Vertical surface of the pallet in the length direction of the pallet.

000013.6 Four-way fork tray

Pallets that allow forklifts, pallet trucks, and pallet stacker forks to be inserted from four directions.

000013.7 two-way fork tray

Allows forklifts, pallet trucks, and pallet stackers to insert pallets from only two opposite directions.

000013.8 partial four-way fork tray

Allows pallets with forklifts to be inserted in four directions and pallets and pallet stackers into two directions.

000014 size

000014.1 plane dimensions and tolerances

000014.1.1 plane size

The pallet plane dimensions are: 1200 mm 1000 mm and 1100 mm 1100 mm. 1200 mm and 1000 mm are preferred.

The above dimensions of wooden pallets should indicate their specific moisture content. The above dimensions of the plastic tray should be measured under the temperature of 23 ± 2 .

000014.1.2 Tolerance

The manufacturing tolerances of the plane dimensions given in 4.1.1 shall be mm.

000014.2 Vertical spacing of fork holes in pallets for lifting devices

000014.2.1 Pallet truck

As shown in Figure 1, the height H1 of the fork hole inserted by the fork of the pallet truck under the top deck should not be less than the value in Table 1. The distance H2 from the top surface of the fork hole to the bottom surface of the tray, as shown in Figure 1, cannot exceed 156mm.

Figure 1 shows the vertical spacing of fork holes in some pallet styles.

H1 is the vertical spacing of the fork holes

H2 is the distance from the top surface of the pallet fork hole to the bottom surface of the pallet

China's logistics industry has developed rapidly, with an average annual growth rate of more than 15%. Experts predict that in the next few years, the average annual growth rate of China's logistics market will remain 20%, and the annual increase in the use of pallets will exceed 20 million pieces. "High efficiency, energy saving, environmental protection and low cost" will be the main characteristics of the future logistics industry. This is a once-in-a-lifetime development opportunity and a huge challenge for the plastic tray manufacturing industry, which started late.

For a long time, wooden pallets used by China's logistics industry are mainly wooden, accounting for 90% of the total domestic pallets. However, with the increase of environmental protection pressure, the prohibition of wooden pallets for railway transportation has been promulgated. Europe, the United States, and Japan have imposed stricter fumigation and inspection and quarantine requirements on wooden packaging (including wooden pallets) of imported products. Demand has a huge impact. Some experts even assert that in the next 5 to 10 years, the market share of China's wooden pallets will fall from 90% to less than 50%. On the one hand, the development of the logistics industry is driving the demand for pallets soaring, and on the other hand, the demand for wooden pallets, the "main force", is declining, indicating that plastic pallets are facing huge business opportunities. In particular, the plastic-wood tray that has just emerged this century not only has the original advantages of plastic trays, but is also favored because its price is only 2/3 of that of pure plastic trays, and its development momentum is very rapid.

However, while affirming the huge business opportunities of the plastic pallet industry, we should also see the negative factors restricting the healthy development of China's pallet industry.

The first is the lack of a unified standard for pallets, making it difficult for China to establish a "big logistics" system as soon as possible. There are 6 sizes of plastic pallets in the national standard, and there are more than 30 types of pallets in actual circulation. It is difficult to achieve national or regional palletized intermodal transportation and storage, and it is difficult to match containers and forklifts, resulting in cargo transportation and transshipment. Due to the inability of large-scale enterprises to share pallets, they have to spend a lot of money to purchase pallets. This virtually increases the cost burden of the enterprise and reduces their enthusiasm for using pallets. Many small and medium-sized enterprises cannot afford or simply use them. No tray.

Secondly, the high price of plastic pallets has directly affected its promotion and application. The price of synthetic resins has continued to rise in recent years, driving the cost of plastic trays soaring, and the price has continued to rise, which has greatly reduced the cost-effectiveness advantages of plastic trays. In order to compete for the market, some small companies are aggressively selling at low prices. On the one hand, they use a large amount of recycled materials or add a large proportion of fillers in the production process, so that many inferior plastic trays flow into the market, which not only disrupts the order of the plastic tray market, but also makes plastic The pallet is facing a credit crisis, which has a great negative impact on the promotion and application of plastic pallets and their future development. Well-known domestic plastic pallet companies have complained to reporters about the disorder of the domestic plastic pallet market and mixed fish and fish, and they hope to raise the barriers to entry for plastic pallet enterprises, and soon introduce strong and unified technical standards for plastic pallets, and increase counterfeit and inferior products. Efforts to investigate and maintain in order to maintain the normal order of the plastic tray market.

It is gratifying that with the joint efforts of industry experts, logistics companies, and pallet manufacturers and the strong support of relevant national departments, the adverse factors affecting the rapid development of China's pallet industry, especially the plastic pallet industry, are weakening, and it is expected that in 2011 eliminate. According to the "Eleventh Five-Year Plan", by 2012, the Pallet Professional Committee of the China Federation of Logistics and Purchasing will formulate and revise more than 300 logistics-related standards, which no doubt tells us that the biggest problem restricting the rapid development of China's pallet industry is the pallet standard system. It will be established during the "Eleventh Five-Year Plan". Once the pallet standard system is established and perfected, it will remove technical obstacles for the formation of a "big logistics" system. By then, the Chinese pallet industry, especially the plastic pallet industry, will usher in a real golden age.

Plastic pallets play an important role as an integral part of the warehousing and logistics industry.

If the plastic tray is used in accordance with the correct usage specifications, it can not only give full play to its role, but also extend its service life and reduce the purchase cost of plastic trays.

Some points to note when using plastic trays:

1. Handle the plastic tray gently to avoid uneven force and damage when landing.

2. When placing the goods, they should be placed evenly to avoid side skew during lifting and transportation.

3. When using the handling equipment, it should be considered whether the size of the cargo is suitable for the use of this plastic tray, to avoid improper size and damage the plastic tray.

4. When stacking, the load of the bottom pallet should be considered.

The correct use of plastic pallets should be such that the packaging combination code is placed on the plastic pallet plus appropriate strapping and wrapping to facilitate the use of mechanical loading and unloading and transportation, so as to meet the requirements of loading, unloading, transportation and storage. In order to make the plastic tray safe for long-term use, we hope to use it properly according to the following requirements:

1. The plastic tray should be protected from direct sunlight, so as not to cause aging and shorten the service life.

2. It is strictly forbidden to throw the goods into the plastic tray from a high place. Reasonably determine how the goods are stacked in the pallet. Cargo should be placed evenly. The pallets carrying heavy objects should be placed on a flat floor or an object surface.

3. It is strictly forbidden to throw the plastic tray from a high place to avoid the tray being broken and cracked due to violent impact.

4. For forklift or manual hydraulic truck operation, the fork thorn should lean to the outside of the fork hole of the pallet as much as possible. The fork thorn should all extend into the pallet, and the angle can only be changed after the pallet is lifted smoothly. The fork stabs must not hit the sides of the tray to prevent the tray from breaking and cracking.

5. When placing pallets on shelves, you must use shelf-type pallets. The load capacity depends on the shelf structure. It is strictly prohibited to overload.

6. When carrying corrosive items, pay attention to the packaging and loading of the items to avoid contamination of the tray.

7. When using a plastic tray, try not to place it in a humid and dark place, so as not to affect the service life of the plastic tray.

As mentioned above, plastic pallets can be divided into many types according to the shape of the bottom. Not every pallet can be used with all forklifts. Some plastic pallets can only be used with mechanical forklifts, and some are mechanical and manual. A detailed description is given below, and each tray is accompanied by a description of the relevant features:

1.Double-sided plastic tray

Flat double-sided plastic tray (only for four-way use of mechanical forklifts)

Grid double-sided plastic tray (only for four-way use of mechanical forklifts)

2.Single-side use plastic tray

Flat nine-leg plastic tray; grid nine-leg plastic tray (mechanical or manual can be used in four directions)

Flat field plastic tray; grid field plastic tray (only for four-way use of mechanical forklifts)

Flat Chuan plastic tray; grid Chuan plastic tray (four-way for mechanical forklifts, two-way for manual forklifts)

Whether mechanical manual forklifts can be used generally depends on the structure of the bottom of the pallet. For example, double-sided or field-shaped pallets cannot be accessed by manual forklifts because of the crossbeams or flat plates at the bottom, even if the entry is impossible because the fork is in the middle of the pallet, so consumers When purchasing plastic pallets, you must choose according to your actual use situation, so as not to buy a pallet product that is not suitable for you.

You can see the specific reasons through the reference materials at the bottom, there are photos of the bottom structure of various pallets, and you can choose the matching pallet products according to your forklift at a glance.

Before various plastic recycling methods are used to recycle waste plastic, most of them need to be sorted. Because plastic consumption channels are numerous and complicated, and some post-consumer plastics are difficult to distinguish by appearance, it is best to indicate the type of material on the plastic product. China has formulated GB / T162881996 "Recycling Marks for Plastic Packaging Products" with reference to the material variety marks proposed and implemented by the American Plastics Association (SPE). Although the above marking methods can be used to facilitate sorting, there are many unmarked in China The plastic products bring difficulties to sorting. In order to separate different types of plastics for classification and recycling, we must first master the knowledge of identifying different plastics. The simple plastic identification method is introduced below:

According to the Australian Department of Transport's calculations, if Australia abandons the pallet standard of 1165 × 1165mm and adopts the international standard of 1200 × 1000mm pallets, it will bring a net value of 2.5 billion US dollars, but it will also generate Australia in the next 10 years. The economic loss of 1.6 billion US dollars shows how huge the economic value of pallet standards is, so a country generally will not easily change its own pallet size standards.

In 1988, the ISO International Organization for Tray Committee (ISO / TC51) introduced three specifications (1200 series: 1200 × 800mm, 1200) recommended in 1961 (ISO / R198) in order to prevent the increase in pallet specifications and cause confusion in the world's logistics system. × 1000mm, 1000 × 800mm), two specifications (1200 series: 1200 × 1600mm, 1200 × 1800mm) added in 1963 (ISO / R329), and three specifications (1100 series: 1100 × 800mm, 1100 × 900mm and 1100 × 1100mm) are integrated into four specifications (1200 × 800mm, 1200 × 1000mm, 1219 × 1016mm, and 1140 × 1140mm).

In order to promote the standardization cause in China, Chinese experts revised the pallet size standard for the first time in 1996, and equivalently adopted the four specifications recommended by the ISO World Standards Organization in 1988. However, after nearly 10 years of practice, it is found that although there are still many pallet specifications in practice, most of the pallet specifications are mainly concentrated on the two specifications of 1200 × 1000mm and 1100 × 1100mm. In 2003, the ISO World Standards Organization added two specifications (1100 × 1100mm and 1067 × 1067mm) on the basis of maintaining the original four specifications while it was difficult to coordinate the interests of the logistics standards of the world s countries. Fully consider the adaptability of Chinese pallet standards.

China Plastic Tray Standard

China's national standard GB / T16470-1996 gives 4 kinds of pallet specifications, namely: 1200mm × 1000mm, 1200mm × 800mm, 1140mm × 1140 mm, 1219mm × 1016mm, and specifies the technical requirements for pallet packaging requirements, sampling, and experimental methods. And intermodal flat pallet external dimensions

Plastic tray test report

Serial number	Check item	standard requirement	skills requirement	test result		Single conclusion
				One-sided	-
1	Stacking test	Fork load: P = 1000kg Test load: 1.1P = 1100kg Duration: 24h Deformation after test: <= 4mm, no effect on cracks and deformation	Deformation mm	<3mm		qualified
			Exterior	No cracks and deformations affecting use
2	Corner drop test	Drop height: 500mm Number of drops: 3 times After the test, the diagonal change rate is <= 1%, and it has no effect on the cracks and deformations used.	Diagonal change rate%	<0.5%		qualified
			Exterior	No cracks and deformations affecting use
3	Uniform load strength test	Fork load: P = 1000kg Test load: 1.1P = 1100kg Duration: 48h After the test, the deflection rate is <= 5%, and it has no effect on the cracks and deformation.	Deflection%	<2%		qualified
			Exterior	No cracks and deformations affecting use

Comparison of the use of two tray functions	Plastic tray	Wooden tray
First, durability	Long service life, generally about 5 years, acid and alkali resistance and impact resistance	Half to one year, easy to rot
Reliability	Easy to handle and operate , lightweight and sturdy, low loss, non-slip, no maintenance required	Self-heavy, increase logistics costs, leaking nails and burrs pose potential safety hazards
Third, specificity	Special industry drilling applications such as food, medicine appearance color optional , custom logo	Limited use range, single appearance
Fourth, environmental protection	Recyclable after damage and scrap, reducing waste disposal costs	One-time use, cannot be recycled, aggravating tree loss
V. Global Trends	Many countries in the world have issued new standards requiring the use of plastic pallets	Fumigation treatment is tedious for export

Pallet occupies a pivotal position in the modern logistics system. The rational use of pallets and the consistent implementation of pallet operations are important means to keep the logistics and supply chain connected, smooth, and continuous. They are also the key factors that greatly improve the efficiency of logistics and the cost. Therefore, the development of the pallet industry is a national Important content of modernization. As a rising star in the pallet family, can plastic pallets take on this task? In recent years, with the economic development, China's logistics industry has continued to heat up, with an average annual growth rate of more than 15%. Some experts predict that the average annual growth rate of China's logistics market will remain 20% in the next few years.

The improvement of logistics efficiency and cost reduction cannot be separated from the pallet. From the moment a product leaves the production line, it has an inextricable bond with the pallets. Transportation, warehousing, loading and unloading, packaging, circulation, and distribution all these logistics links. Without pallets, it will cost several times more, Dozens of times of time and labor. More importantly, the cargo objects processed in the logistics system have different shapes and sizes. Only by placing the cargo into cargo units with a uniform size and a certain shape can it be possible to realize mechanization and automation, and truly reduce costs and improve The purpose of efficiency.

It can be said that pallets are the basic tools for seamless docking of all aspects of logistics. Without pallets, the integration, standardization and rapid response of modern logistics industry will be impossible to talk about.

The role of pallets in modern logistics is self-evident. What is the status quo of China's pallet industry?

The pallets are mainly divided into wooden pallets, plastic pallets, metal pallets, paper pallets and composite material pallets. Of China's 220 million pallets, wooden pallets are still the main force in the pallet family. A pine tree can take decades to grow, while an adult pine tree can only produce 6 standard pallets. Due to the constraints of limited forest resources and long regeneration cycles, the development space of wooden pallets is restricted. In addition, with the increase of environmental protection pressure, the prohibition of wooden pallets for railway transportation has been promulgated. Europe, the United States, Japan and other countries have imposed strict fumigation and inspection and quarantine requirements on wooden packaging (including wooden pallets) of imported products. More restrictions. As wooden pallets faced more and more serious bottlenecks in development, plastic pallets stood out and became a rising star.

The development of plastic pallets has benefited from several factors. First, the performance of the plastic pallets is superior; second, the state has increased control over deforestation, and the cost of wood has risen sharply. In addition, European and American requirements for wooden pallets have become more and more severe. Stimulated the use of plastic pallets; furthermore, the plastic pallet processing equipment has a high degree of automation, large output and flexible design, which can better meet the individual needs of customers.

According to reports, plastic trays are made of PE or PP as raw materials and processed through injection molding, blow molding and other processes. They have been widely used in machinery, electronics, food, medicine, chemical, clothing and other industries. Compared with wooden pallets, plastic pallets have good integrity, hygiene and cleanliness, and are easy to wash and disinfect. In use, they are lightweight, corrosion-resistant, acid- and alkali-resistant, moisture-proof, moth-proof, non-mildew, and impact-resistant. In general, the service life of plastic pallets is 5 to 7 times that of wooden pallets. In addition, the plastic tray meets environmental protection requirements, and the waste tray material can be recycled. Although the price of plastic pallets is relatively high, the cost of use is lower than that of wooden pallets. Plastic pallets are the pallets with the best comprehensive performance.

The data provided by the Pallet Professional Committee of the China Federation of Logistics and Purchasing shows that China's plastic pallets have reached more than 100 million, and the proportion of total pallets has increased from 11% in 2008 to 13%. The reasons are: first, because plastic tray companies have carried out process reforms by adding steel parts and other methods, the plastic trays have increased the carrying capacity and broadened the scope of use; the second is because beer, beverages, dairy products and other high-quality, standard packaging products The superiority and necessity of using pallets have gradually emerged. The domestic demand for plastic pallets by large beer, beverage, and dairy products manufacturers such as Tsingtao Beer, Yanjing Beer, Huiyuan, Master Kong, Wahaha, Mengniu, Yili, etc. has grown rapidly; Plastic pallet processing design is flexible, which can better meet customer's customized needs.

Plastic pallets are commonly known as plastic pallets: turnover pallets (named as small enterprises in the south), plastic pallets (named in Jiangsu, Zhejiang and Shanghai), plastic pallets (named in Shenzhen enterprises), plastic pallets (named in Taiwan enterprises), plastic pallets (Guangdong Title), pallet (commonly known), pallet (commonly known by Taiwanese enterprises), moisture-proof board (referred to as textile enterprise), board (referred to as northeast)

Plastic trays are large in the process of commodity circulation and transportation, and small in the supermarket for clean dishes. Whether large or small, the development of this industry is very fast. It is understood that plastic trays are in a period of rapid growth in China. There are about 80 million pallets required for domestic circulation each year, of which 20 million are used by ports (for export), and total demand will further increase. Although plastic trays are available late and the cost is relatively high, they are still growing at a rate of more than 10% each year.

Plastic tray is a new product that was promoted abroad in the 1970s and 1980s. Compared with traditional wooden trays, it has the characteristics of light weight, water resistance, moisture resistance, cleanliness, high hardness, and strong recyclability. However, the promotion and application in the domestic market has been affected by various factors such as prices and has been difficult.

In recent years, the market for plastic pallets has quietly changed, especially as market demand has increased significantly. The main influencing factors are: the state s increased control over deforestation, and the cost of wood has risen sharply; foreign transportation has become increasingly demanding of wooden pallets, which has stimulated the use of plastic pallets; people s awareness of environmental protection and the improvement of national environmental regulations, The advantages of recyclability of plastic pallets appear; the rapid development of China's ethylene production scale has reduced the cost of raw materials for the production of plastic pallets, and the price is no longer a disadvantage of plastic pallets. The national railway department officially stated that the use of wooden pallets in rail transport will be banned in the future, and rumors that the food and pharmaceutical industries may also ban wooden pallets after two years have increased the number of orders for plastic pallets from these industries. trend.

According to experts, more than 100 million pallets are used in China each year. Calculated based on half of the 40% of plastic pallets in developed countries, the domestic demand for plastic pallets will also reach 20 million. This does not include the update and development of plastic pallets. The average annual update rate and growth rate of plastic pallets in recent years have been around 10%. Among them, the number of plastic pallets used in the petrochemical, tobacco, food, pharmaceutical and transportation industries has doubled. As far as the production capacity of domestic plastic pallets is concerned, the basic balance between supply and demand can only be reached after 5-10 years.

The annual production capacity of domestic plastic pallets has reached about 200,000 tons, which has doubled from 1998. At present, several major domestic plastic pallet production factories have accelerated the pace of expanding production capacity to meet the rapid market demand. At the same time, foreign plastics processing giants are quietly advancing inland. General Electric (GE) Plastics Group announced that it will relocate its Asia-Pacific headquarters from Tokyo to Shanghai, and expand plastics production capacity in China by more than 50%, while some foreign companies will expand plastics production capacity in China by means of joint ventures and mergers.

At the Yuyao Plastic Products Fair that year, the two domestic plastic pallet equipment manufacturers' orders totaled nearly 35 million yuan, and they agreed to reach 70 million yuan. This number means that in the near future, the domestic plastic pallet production capacity will be The ratio will double and it will bring fierce competition in the market.

The correct use of the pallet should be to pack the goods with the combination code on the pallet and add appropriate strapping and wrapping to facilitate mechanical loading and unloading and transportation, so as to meet the requirements of loading, unloading, transportation and storage.
First, the bearing weight of the tray:
The weight of each pallet should be less than or equal to 2 tons. In order to ensure the safety during transportation, the height of the center of gravity of the loaded goods should not exceed two thirds of the width of the pallet.
Second, the pallet stacking method:
According to the type of the goods, the quality of the goods carried on the pallet and the size of the pallet, the way in which the goods are stacked on the pallet is reasonably determined. The utilization rate of the bearing surface area of the pallet should generally not be less than 80%. There are the following requirements for palletizing cargo:
1. Single or multiple layers of stiff cuboid cargo such as wood, paper and metal containers are staggered, stretched or shrink-wrapped.
2. Paper or fibrous goods are stacked in a single layer with multiple layers, and cross-sealed with straps;
3. Single-layer or multi-layer stacking of cylindrical cargo such as sealed metal containers and reinforcement of wooden cargo lids;
4. Paper products and textile goods that need to be protected from moisture and water, such as single-layer or multi-layer staggered stacking, stretch or shrink film packaging goods to increase angular support, cargo cover partitions and other reinforced structures;
5. One-way or multi-layer stacking of fragile goods, adding wooden support partition structure;
6. Single-layer vertical stacking of cylindrical containers or cargoes of metal bottles, adding cargo frames and slat reinforcement structures;
7. Multi-layer staggered packing of bag-type goods.
Third, the protection and reinforcement of the cargo:
After the goods carried by the pallets are fixed, if they still cannot meet the transportation requirements, you should choose protective reinforcement accessories according to your needs. Reinforced protective attachments are made of paper, wood, plastic, metal or other materials.
Fourth, the way of carrying goods:
The cargoes carried on the pallets are fixed mainly by means of bundling, gluing, stretch packaging, and can be used in conjunction with each other.

1. The forks can be inserted around the plastic tray, which is very easy to operate;
2. Plastic pallets are suitable for truck transportation, which facilitates containerized and unitized transportation of materials;
3. Plastic pallets can be stacked on each other in the warehouse, saving a lot of space;
4. Plastic trays are safe, hygienic, insect-proof and need not be repaired when used;
5. The non-slip rubber matched with the plastic tray will never slip off during handling;
6. The cost of using a plastic pallet is 10-15% lower than the one-time purchase of a wooden pallet;
7. Plastic pallets solve the quality problems of wooden pallets;
8. High-quality plastic trays can improve the safety during product transportation;

Disposable plastic trays will be included in the scope of management of disposable plastic lunch boxes, that is, in accordance with the provisions of the "Interim Measures for the Management of Disposable Plastic Lunch Boxes".
Relevant departments will establish a one-time plastic tray recycling network and require sales units to pay recycling and disposal fees. Units that produce and sell disposable plastic pallets can organize the recovery of pallets, but they should be sent to the place designated by the City Appearance and Environmental Sanitation Bureau and cannot be arbitrarily discarded.