What Are the Different Types of Forging Tools?

Forging tools are materials and equipment used in the forging process. The main components are carbon steel and alloy steel.

Mainly carbon steel of various composition and

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Forging tool forging

Forging is a metal processing method that uses the plasticity of metal. Usually after the billet is heated, it is pressurized with a press or hammered with a hand hammer or forging hammer to deform the workpiece to a specified size and shape. At the same time, the physical properties of the metal can be changed Nature ^[1] . Usually, the billet is heated and then hammered or pressed with a hand hammer, forging hammer or press, so that the billet is plastically deformed and becomes a workpiece of a certain shape and size. The resulting workpiece is called "forging" ^[2] .

Forging is a forming method that applies external force to a metal blank under the action of a tool or die under impact or static pressure to plastically deform it, change its size, shape, and properties. Called forging. Forging has fine grains, dense structure and continuous forging streamlines, which can improve the mechanical properties of metal. In addition, forging has the advantages of high productivity and material savings. Forging therefore plays an important role in hot metal processing.

According to the movement of the billet, forging can be divided into free forging, upsetting, extrusion, die forging, closed die forging, and closed upsetting.

Forging tools forging production

Forging production includes two major categories of forging and stamping, and belongs to the category of metal pressure processing production methods. Among them, forging is divided into two types: free forging and die (type) forging ^[3] .

Compared with other processing methods, forging processing has higher production efficiency; it can eliminate internal defects of parts or blanks; the shape and dimensional stability of forgings are good, and they have high comprehensive mechanical properties; the biggest advantages of forgings are good toughness, The fiber structure is reasonable, and the performance changes between forgings are small; the internal quality of the forgings is related to its processing history, and will not be exceeded by any metal processing technology.

However, forging production also has the following disadvantages: it cannot be directly forged into parts with complex shapes; the dimensional accuracy of forgings is not high enough; the heavy machinery and equipment and complex tools required for forging production have high requirements for the foundation of the plant, and the initial investment high cost.

Forging production is divided into free forging, die forging and special forging according to the different tools and production processes. The forging process plays a significant role in the production of forgings. The quality of the forgings obtained is very different due to different technological processes, and the types of equipment and tonnage used are also very different. Forgings have a wide range of applications, and almost all the major force-bearing members in motion are formed by forging. Forging has an irreplaceable role in machine manufacturing. The forging level of a country can reflect the level of machine manufacturing in that country. With the development of science and technology and the increasing degree of industrialization, the number of forgings required has increased year by year. It is predicted that forged (including sheet metal forming) parts used in aircraft will account for 85%, automobiles will account for 60 to 70%, and agricultural machinery and tractors will account for 70%.

Although forging production has high production efficiency, high comprehensive performance of forgings, and saves raw materials, it has a long production cycle, high cost, and is in a disadvantageous competitive position. Forging production must keep up with the development of contemporary science and technology, and it is necessary to continuously improve technology, adopt new processes and technologies to further improve the performance indicators of forgings; at the same time, shorten production cycles and reduce costs.

Free forging tool

Free forging is a processing method in which a heated metal blank is placed between the upper and lower anvils of the forging equipment, and an impact force or pressure is applied to cause plastic deformation to obtain the required forging. Free forging is characterized by flexible process ^[4] .

Free forging on a forging hammer or hydraulic press, using the up and down movement of a simple hammer or anvil to apply force, and forging the hot ingot or hot billet to obtain the required shape and size. The blank is compressed in the height direction during forging The direction can be extended and stretched freely ^[5] .

In the forging process of the billet, except for the part of the surface that is in contact with the upper and lower anvils or other auxiliary tools, they are free surfaces, and the deformation is not restricted, so it is called free forging.

The advantages of free forging are: the tools used are simple, versatile and flexible, suitable for single and small batch forgings, especially the production of extra large forgings.

The disadvantages of free forging are: low precision forgings, large machining allowances, low production efficiency, and high labor intensity.

Free forging can usually be divided into manual free forging and machine free forging.