What Are Emissions Standards?

Cars are a mobile pollution source. The main pollutants emitted are carbon monoxide (CO), hydrocarbons (HC), nitrogen oxides (NOx), and particulate matter (PM). They are all substances that pollute the environment and need to be controlled. Vehicle pollutants come from exhaust pipes, crankcases and fuel systems.

Chinese name: Emission Standards

Foreign name: Emission standards

Overview of emission standards

Regulations for setting emission standards

With the increasing seriousness of automobile exhaust pollution, legislation on automobile exhaust emissions is imperative. Countries around the world have established corresponding regulations on automobile exhaust emissions as early as the 1960s and 1970s, and promoted stricter regulations on automobile emission control technology Progress, and with the continuous improvement of vehicle emission control technology, it has become possible to formulate higher standards. ^[1]

Emission Standard Principle

Automobile emissions refer to harmful gases such as CO (carbon monoxide), HC + NOx (hydrocarbons and nitrogen oxides), and PM (particulates, soot) emitted from exhaust gas. They are all harmful gases generated by the engine during combustion work. The causes of these harmful gases are different. CO is an intermediate product of incomplete oxidation of fuel oil. CO is generated when the oxygen is insufficient, and the concentration of the mixed gas and the unevenness of the mixed gas will increase the CO in the exhaust gas. HC is an unburned substance in the fuel. Due to the uneven mixture and the coldness of the combustion chamber wall, some of the fuel will be discharged in time to burn. NOx is a substance produced during the combustion of fuel (gasoline). PM is also a substance produced by lack of oxygen when fuel is burned, of which diesel is the most obvious. Because the diesel engine adopts the compression ignition method, the cracking of diesel oil under high temperature and high pressure is more likely to produce a large amount of visible soot.

Emission standard measures

Emission standard setting standards

Vehicle emission standards are formulated to control vehicle emissions. In order to suppress the generation of these harmful gases and urge car manufacturers to improve their products to reduce the sources of these harmful gases, both Europe and the United States have formulated relevant automobile emission standards. The automobile emission standards continue to increase with the increase in car ownership and the deterioration of the popular environment. Replenish, refine, and tighten.

Emission Standard Domestic Standard

European standards are the emission standards of automobiles that China draws on. At present, new domestic vehicles will indicate the European standards for engine exhaust emissions. ^[2]

Emission standard

Emission Standards for Newly Developed Cars

Newly developed vehicle emission standards are divided into three categories:

Vehicles with a total mass of 3.5t equipped with ignition engines or compression ignition engines.

The total mass is> 3.5t with ignition engine cars.

The total mass is> 3.5t.

Emissions standards for new production and in-use vehicles

New production and in-use vehicle emission standards are divided into two categories: ignition engine vehicles and compression ignition engine vehicles.

Emission standards European and national standards

European standards are implemented by the European Economic Commission (ECE) emission regulations and the European Community (EEC) emission directives. Emission regulations are voluntarily recognized by ECE participating countries, and emission directives are enforced by EEC or EU participating countries. European regulations (directives) standards for automobile emissions were implemented before 1992. Europe has implemented Euro (Europe Type I emission certification limits) since 1992, and Euro (Euro Type II certification and production) since 1996. Consistent Emission Limits), Euro III (Euro III Type Approval and Production Consistent Emission Limits) from 2000, Euro IV (Euro IV Type Approval and Production Consistent Emission Limits) from 2005, to In 2014, Euro standards were implemented.

The national standard of automobiles is not the same as the European standard. The national standard is a national standard based on China's specific conditions. The European standard is a standard commonly used by members of the European Community. The European standard is slightly higher than the national standard. ^[3]

Emissions standards Emissions standards for newly developed vehicles

Emission Standard Basic Core

The Conditions for Exhaust Pollutants under Working Conditions are the basis, and Production Consistency Check and Durability of Control Device (Post-Processing Device) are the cores. Only the consistency and durability of the product can be guaranteed, and the emissions from the actual use of automobiles In order to truly meet the requirements of the popular environment.

Emission Standard Inspection Standard

The OBD system and the in-use vehicle compliance inspection standards ensure that the pollutant emissions of the in-use vehicles are always in a normal state, because the pollutants that are actually polluting the atmospheric environment are the pollutants emitted by the in-use vehicles. The CO and HC emission standard in -7 exhaust gas is to ensure that excessive CO and HC are not emitted in cold climates.

Emissions standards Emissions standards for new production and use in automobiles

Emission standard requirements

Check whether the technical condition of the car is still in a normal state. If it fails to meet the requirements, it needs to be maintained, adjusted or repaired to restore it to a normal state to avoid excessive emissions of pollutants.

Emission Standard Inspection Standard

New production and in-use CO, HC and emission standards and free acceleration exhaust smoke standards should be based on the values measured during the formal approval of newly developed models, so that they can be compared with the The actual emissions of pollutants are linked. The simple operation conditions CO, HC and NOX and the exhaust deceleration conditions under loading and deceleration conditions are trying to use simple methods to reflect the exhaust pollutants and full-load smoke emissions of the vehicle operation method respectively, which are only used in some regions And it is difficult to determine the correspondence between them.

Emission standards

Emission Standard History

China's exhaust emission standards are one step a year: July 1, 2004, the implementation of National 2 emission standards nationwide;

On December 30, 2005, Beijing implemented the national III emission standard. Models that have been on the market and passed the national III standard can be delayed by one year in OBD.

On December 1, 2006, Beijing banned the sale of new cars without OBD in Beijing.

On July 1, 2007, the implementation of National III emission standards began nationwide.

On January 1, 2008, Guo 4 Fuel will be listed in Beijing.

On July 1, 2013, 19 regions including Beijing, Shanghai, Guangzhou, Shenzhen, Nanjing, Urumqi, and Lanzhou strictly implemented the National Fourth Standard. From the New Year's Day in 2014, the national emission standards will be fully implemented.

Progress in emission standards

The national 3 and national 4 standards refer to the European 3 and 4 automotive emission standards. Compared with the national 2, the national 3 has further reduced the pollutant emission limit.