What Are the Different Types of Green Construction Materials?

Green building materials are clean, non-toxic, non-polluting, and non-radioactive. They are produced using clean production technology without using natural resources and energy. Protective and human health building materials. The definition of green building materials revolves around the four links of raw material adoption, product manufacturing, use, and waste disposal, and achieves the two goals of minimizing the global environmental load and benefiting human health, and achieving the four goals of "health, environmental protection, safety, and high quality" .

Green building materials

(Architectural term)

(1) Meaning

A. High-performance traditional building materials produced at the expense of relatively low resource and energy consumption and environmental pollution, such as high-quality cement produced using modern advanced processes and technologies.

B. Building material products that can greatly reduce building energy consumption (including energy consumption during production and use), such as new wall materials with light weight, high strength, waterproof, heat insulation, heat insulation, sound insulation and other functions.

C. It has higher use efficiency and excellent material properties, which can reduce the consumption of materials, such as high-performance cement concrete and lightweight high-strength concrete.

D. Building materials with functions to improve the ecological environment and health care of the room, such as multi-functional glass, ceramics, and coatings for antibacterial, deodorizing, temperature, humidity, and shielding of harmful rays.

E. Building materials that can make extensive use of industrial waste, such as cement materials that purify sewage, solidify toxic and hazardous industrial waste residues, or cement component materials such as slag, fly ash, silica fume, and zeolite after recycling and high performance .

(2) Basic elements of green building materials:

A. The raw materials used in production are wasteful, and the one-time resources used for the main raw materials are the smallest, which will not cause damage to the environment or ecology during the collection of raw materials;

B. The waste water, waste residue and waste gas produced in the production process meet the requirements of environmental protection, and at the same time the energy consumption during production and processing is as small as possible (the production of high energy-consuming materials does not meet the requirements of green buildings);

C. The function is complete during use (such as thermal insulation performance, sound insulation performance, service life, etc.), which is health, hygiene, safety, no harmful gases, no harmful radioactivity, etc.

D. After the end of its service life, that is, when it is discarded, it does not cause secondary pollution and is a reused material.

Is a new generation of building materials based on traditional building materials, mainly including new wall materials, thermal insulation materials, waterproof sealing materials and decorative materials.

(1) The wall material has the functions of bearing, partitioning, shading, sheltering from rain, wind, heat insulation, sound insulation, sound absorption, and light blocking.

(2) New wall materials refer to silicic materials such as concrete, cement, and sand, and some are mixed with industrial waste such as fly ash, coal gangue, slag, or construction waste after being pressed or sintered, autoclaved, etc. The manufactured non-clay bricks, building blocks and building boards generally have a series of advantages such as thermal insulation, heat insulation, light weight, high strength, soil saving, energy saving, waste disposal, environmental protection, improvement of building functions and increase of house use area. A considerable part of them belong to green building materials.

There are nearly 20 types of new wall materials. According to the usual classification method, they can be divided into 3 categories: plate, block and brick. Boards can be divided into strips, sheets and composite boards, blocks can be divided into hollow and solid, bricks have solid bricks and hollow bricks.

(3) Features of new wall materials:

A. Save or use a small amount of natural raw materials, especially non-renewable resources, such as cement, lime, gypsum, clay, etc .;

B. Extensive use of industrial waste slag (coal gangue, fly ash, slag, etc.) to replace some or all natural resources in the production of wall material products;

C. Try to use potential industrial waste residues to replace some cementitious materials such as cement;

D. Save energy as much as possible during the production process, such as coal, electricity, natural gas, oil, etc .;

E. Emission of harmful waste residues, waste gas, waste water, etc. shall be minimized or not emitted during the production process;

F. The wall products produced must have higher quality, better versatility and long service life;

G. Good construction, convenient construction, high construction efficiency, low labor intensity, mature construction technology, complete supporting equipment, and construction quality can be guaranteed;

H. The external wall adopts composite insulation technology, which plays the role of energy saving and consumption reduction during long-term use;

I. After the end of the service life of wall products, they can be recycled, or waste products can be processed and recycled.

(4) The development of new-type wall building construction systems is slow. The main problems are:

A. The new wall building system is more expensive than traditional brick and concrete construction, and the one-time investment is large.

B. At present, the standards of some new wall materials in China (design, construction) are not perfect, and some product specifications do not match the old building system, which brings difficulties to design and construction.

It is difficult for construction units to promote and apply in large quantities;

C. The application technology of some new wall products is not fully mastered

The planning and supporting applications are also not enough, which makes it difficult to promote the large-scale construction of new wall materials.

(5) Research focus of new wall materials:

Build up-grade, high-level, large-scale production lines around leading products.

A. The focus of hollow bricks is to develop the utilization of waste slag with high content, high void ratio, high thermal insulation performance, high-strength load-bearing porous bricks, and clear-water wall tiles for exterior wall finishes;

B. The concrete block focuses on the development of double-row or multi-row holes in heat-retaining load-bearing blocks and exterior wall facing blocks; C. The light board focuses on the development of mechanized (extrusion) light-weight porous planks Assembled panels with composite wall insulation or facing, and cooperate with the construction department to promote the application of light steel structure system to develop various assembled panels.

(6) development trend of new wall materials

A. Further development of natural materials to synthetic materials

B. Extensive use of solid waste

Use high-energy fly ash, coal ore, and slag to produce cement, bricks, blocks and other wall materials; use straw, cotton stalk peanut shells and other agricultural organic waste to make light boards. Using these solid wastes to make wall materials is an important subject for future research in the field of new materials.

C. Trend towards high-tech, high-tech content, and high value-added products

Use nanotechnology, biochemical technology, rare earth technology, photocatalytic technology, aerogel technology, information technology and other high-tech products to increase the high-tech content of products and increase the high added value, function and grade of products. For example, using nanotechnology to develop antibacterial and sterilizing wall materials, wall materials that can purify indoor air, wall materials that can deodorize and self-clean the surface, etc., and use TiO2 photocatalytic technology to prepare plates that can purify nitrogen oxides in the air. Use aerogel technology to research and develop new environmentally-friendly, high-efficiency thermal insulation, sound insulation, and lightweight new wall materials, and use biological engineering technology to produce new decorative panels from crop waste and fermentation processes.

D. Development trend of greening