What Are the Different Types of Heavy Equipment Parts?

There are many types of mechanical equipment. When the mechanical equipment is running, some of its components and even itself can perform different forms of mechanical movement. Mechanical equipment is composed of drive, transmission, transmission, working device, braking device, protective device, lubrication system, cooling system and other parts.

Equipment

There are many types of mechanical equipment. When the mechanical equipment is running, some of its components and even itself can perform different forms of mechanical movement. Machinery and equipment

The main products of the machinery industry include the following 12 categories:

, agricultural machinery: tractors, seeders, harvesting machinery, etc.

, heavy mining machinery: metallurgical machinery, mining machinery, lifting machinery, loading and unloading machinery, industrial and mining vehicles, cement equipment, furnace equipment, etc.

(3) Construction machinery: forklifts, earthmoving machinery, compaction machinery, concrete machinery, etc.

, petrochemical general machinery: petroleum drilling and production machinery, oil refining machinery, chemical machinery, pumps, fans, valves, gas compressors, refrigeration and air conditioning machinery, papermaking machinery, printing machinery,

Mechanical equipment can cause a variety of injuries such as collision, pinch, shear, and entanglement. The main dangerous parts are as follows:

, articulation between rotating parts and tangential moving parts, such as power transmission belts and pulleys, chains and sprockets, racks and gears, etc.

, rotating shafts, including connectors, mandrels, chucks, screws and rods.

Mainly include: asset management of machinery and equipment, status management of machinery and equipment,

1) Drying equipment mainly tests the uniformity of the furnace temperature, which is usually controlled at ± 5 . It can test up to 6 positions at one time with the furnace thermometer.

2) Paint spray equipment mainly tests illuminance, temperature, humidity and average wind speed: For paint spray equipment with higher requirements, the illuminance requirement is 800 ~ 1000Lx, the temperature requirement is 23 ± 2 , the relative humidity is 55 ± 5%, and the average wind speed 0.45 to 0.55m / s.

3) Noise 85db in the operating area of all equipment.

General basis

In order to ensure that the machinery and equipment are always in a good technical state, they can be put into operation at any time, reduce the downtime of failures, increase the availability and utilization of the machinery, reduce the wear and tear of the machinery, extend the service life of the machinery, reduce the cost of machinery operation and maintenance, and ensure safe production. Strengthen the maintenance of mechanical equipment; 2. Mechanical maintenance must implement the principle of putting equal emphasis on maintenance and giving priority to prevention, to achieve regular maintenance, mandatory implementation, and correct handling of the relationship between use, maintenance and repair. Maintenance, only repairing; 3, each team must do a good job of maintenance of various types of machinery in accordance with machinery maintenance regulations, maintenance categories, without any delay, special circumstances can only be extended after the approval of the specialized branch manager, but generally should not exceed the requirements Half of the maintenance interval; 4. Maintain the quality of the maintenance machinery, and perform the items one by one according to the specified items and requirements. Maintenance items, maintenance quality, and problems found in maintenance should be recorded and reported to professional staff in this department; 5. Maintenance personnel and maintenance department should achieve "three inspections and one delivery (self-inspection, mutual inspection, full-time inspection and one-time inspection) ) ", Constantly summarize maintenance experience and improve maintenance quality; 6. The asset management department regularly supervises and inspects the mechanical maintenance of each unit, regularly or irregularly checks the quality of maintenance, and conducts rewards and punishments.

Energy-saving speed regulation

The power unit of mechanical equipment is mainly derived from AC motors, and when the motors are started, the current will be 5-6 times higher than the rated one, which will not only affect the service life of the motors but also consume more power. The system is selected during the motor design There will be a certain amount of allowance, the speed of the motor is fixed, but in actual use, sometimes it needs to run at a lower or higher speed. In this case, SAJ inverters are generally installed to achieve soft start of the motor, to achieve the purpose of energy saving and speed regulation by changing the frequency of the input voltage of the equipment, and to provide equipment with protection functions such as overcurrent, overvoltage, and overload.

Hazardous factors of machinery and equipment

The hazards of machinery include the hazards of moving parts, the hazards of stationary, and other hazards.

Hazard of moving parts

This hazard mainly comes from dangerous parts of machinery and equipment, including:

Rotating parts, such as rotating shafts, bumps and holes, rotating connectors, mandrels, and rotating knife holders, fan blades, flywheels, etc.

The articulation between the rotating part and the tangential moving part, such as the power transmission belt and its transmission wheel, chain and sprocket, etc.

(3) Bites between the same rotating parts, such as gears, rolling mills, mixing wheels, etc.

Bite between rotating parts and fixed parts, such as rotary mixers and unprotected open-shell mixer units.

Dangerous parts of reciprocating motion or sliding, such as the hammer body of a forging hammer, the slider of a pressure machine, the blade of a shearing machine, the teeth on the edge of a band saw, etc.

Dangers between rotating parts and sliding parts, such as the mechanism on the surface of some offset printing machines, textile mechanisms, etc.

Hazardous factors of static

There are stationary cutting tools and blades, protruding mechanical parts, sharp edges and rough surfaces of blanks, tools, and equipment, as well as the surface of the table that caused the slide to fall.

Other hazards

Flying tools, fixtures, mechanical parts, flying cuttings or workpieces, moving workpieces, etc.

If the above-mentioned hazards are not effectively controlled, such as improper protection of moving parts, no safety device or failure of the safety device, equipment running under abnormal conditions, inadequate safety procedures or operators not operating in accordance with the regulations, it is very likely Causes mechanical injury.

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Mechanical hazard

There are many types of machinery and equipment used in modern industrial production, and each has its own characteristics, but also has many commonalities. Therefore, we can strengthen the prevention of mechanical injury accidents from the aspects of design, manufacture, inspection of machinery and equipment; installation, use; maintenance; operating environment:

Precautions during design and manufacturing

Machinery and equipment manufacturing enterprises must design, manufacture, and install safety protection devices at the same time when designing and manufacturing production equipment to achieve intrinsic safety of machinery and equipment, and must not leave the problem to the user. The specific requirements are:

Install protective devices

The requirement is that, based on the plane where the operator's operating position is located, all transmission belts, shafts, transmission chains, couplings, pulleys, gears, flywheels, sprocket wheels, chainsaws and other dangerous parts and components within 2m in height Dangerous parts must be equipped with protective devices.

Requirements for protective devices:

a · Secure installation, reliable performance, and sufficient strength and stiffness;

b. Suitable for the operating conditions of machinery and equipment, without hindering production and operation;

c. Durable, does not affect equipment adjustment, repair, lubrication and inspection;

d · the protective device itself should not cause harm to the operator;

e · When the machine is abnormal, the protective device should have the function of preventing danger;

f · The electrical, electronic, and mechanical components of the automatic protection device require accurate movements, stable performance, and methods to verify the reliability of the line performance.

The design of machinery and equipment must consider the convenience of inspection and maintenance. When necessary, special inspection, repair tools or devices should be supplied with the equipment.

(3) In order to prevent the operating equipment or parts from exceeding the limit position, a reliable limit device should be provided.

Machines and equipment should be equipped with reliable braking devices to ensure effective braking when approaching danger.

Pneumatic and hydraulic transmission machinery of machinery and equipment shall be provided with devices to control overpressure and prevent leakage.

The parts that are easy to be thrown out during the high-speed operation of the machine and equipment should be designed with anti-loosening devices and equipped with safety devices such as protective covers or protective nets.

When the operating position of the machine and equipment is more than 2m above the ground, an operating table, railings, handrails, fences, etc. should be provided.

The control device of the mechanical equipment should be installed at the operating position where the operator can see the entire equipment. When all the controlled equipment cannot be seen at the console, an emergency switch must be installed at the appropriate position of the equipment.

All kinds of machinery and equipment must take anti-noise measures in the design, so that the machine noise is lower than the national noise standard.

Each machine and equipment that generates dust, harmful gas or harmful steam during the process should use automatic feeding and automatic discharging devices as far as possible, and must have suction, purification and discharge devices to ensure that the concentration of harmful substances discharged in the workplace conforms to TJ36- Relevant requirements of 70 "Design Sanitary Standards for Industrial Enterprises" and GBJ4-73 "Trial Standards for Industrial" Three Wastes "Emissions".

When designing machinery and equipment, use safety colors. Dangerous parts must have safety signs. Safety colors and signs should be bright, clear and durable.

Screens should be provided for parts of the machine that generate high temperature, extremely low temperature, and strong radiation.

Electric machinery and equipment should be well grounded (or connected to zero) to prevent electric shock and pay attention to anti-static.

Precautions during installation and use

Install the equipment in accordance with the instructions and technical information provided by the manufacturer. The self-made machinery and equipment should also meet the requirements of GB5083-85 "General Principles of Safety and Sanitary Design of Production Equipment".

In accordance with the "three simultaneous" principle of safety and health, the necessary safety protection devices, such as protective fences and safe operating platforms, should be installed when installing machinery and equipment.

(3) The equipment supervisor or relevant department shall formulate and implement the equipment operating procedures, safety operating procedures, and equipment maintenance and repair systems.

Strengthen maintenance

Routine maintenance requires the operators to do in each shift production: carefully check and wipe all parts of the machine and equipment before and after the shift; refuel on time and according to quality; keep the equipment clean, lubricated and good. Use machinery and equipment strictly in accordance with operating procedures in the class, remove faults in a timely manner, and do a good job in handover work.

First-level maintenance, mainly operating workers, maintenance workers cooperate to perform partial disassembly and inspection of machinery and equipment; clean the specified parts; clean oil filters, oil separators and oil pipes, oil holes, linoleum, oil lines, etc. The oil path is smooth and the oil mark is conspicuous; adjust the clearance of each part of the equipment to strengthen each part.

(3) Second-level maintenance, mainly maintenance workers, with the participation of operating workers, perform targeted local disassembly inspections, repair or replace worn parts to restore local accuracy; clean and inspect the lubrication system and replace aging oil; Inspect and repair electrical systems, safety devices, etc.

Improve the working environment

The floor of the work site should be flat and clean, and there should be no pits, holes, etc .; there should be no water or oil stains to prevent tripping and slipping.

Necessary space and aisles should be left around the machine tool equipment, and the distance must meet the corresponding minimum safety distance requirements. The minimum safety distance can refer to the following figures: when there is no working space between the side of the machine and the wall or column, the distance is 400-500mm; when there is a working space, the distance is 1000-1200mm; when there is no working space between the machine, the distance is 800mm; When there is a work area on one side of the machine tool and pedestrians pass regularly, the distance is 1200mm; when there is a work space on both sides of the machine tool, the distance between machine tools is 1500mm; when there are work areas on both sides of the machine tool and there is a pedestrian pass, the distance is 1800mm; The 15-degree automatic machine has a pitch of 600-800mm.