What is a structural load?
Structural load is the total weight of a building, bridge or other object. This value includes the weight of the object, any device installed in it and the potential effects of weather and humans. The load created by the weight of the structure is usually called static loads and the load from the population or weather effects is called live loads. Architects and engineers must include all possible loads and corresponding safety factors in a structural design to prevent load failure.
As an example, a building is a static load of the building includes steel work, floors and inner walls. Any device installed to support building operations such as heating and air conditioning equipment, lighting and plumbing must be added to calculate static loads. These factors are equal to the structural load of an empty building and are much smaller than the minimum requirements for a safe design.
from furniture, portable office equipment and personal EFThe Štěníznífects brought to the building. People who work in the building and all visitors are constantly changing live burden that the building must support structurally. Winds, snow or heavy rains can add significant weight to the structure of the building and must be included in the structural load calculations.
Many governments issue minimal load requirements for different types of building operations. The office building can have different load requirements than production operations with large equipment located on floors. Another aspect of industrial buildings is the effect of vibration on the building and calculations of the structural load vibration must be carried out with further strengthening of the building and foundations.
Moving devices also have considerations of structural load due to vibration and impact effects. The aircraft have high loads created by the effects of Air on the wings and outer surfaces. Passengers and luggage add more burdenOutline, which must be supported by a torso or aircraft, and wings that lift the entire structure. Turbulence, take -off and landing are live shock loads that can add significant tension in a short time and must be considered in the design of the aircraft. Similar impact loads occur on trucks and cars when traveling through rough roads, and the vehicle frame and suspension must absorb these tension.
Bridges have different considerations of structural loads because they are often supported only at each end or regular support pier or columns. The moving operation creates bending voltages in the sections of the roads that are not supported and can lead to vibration voltages called harmonic, which can damage the structure. Bridges requiring longer unsupported sections often use cables or other supports to transmit load to the Endowment Pier or columns of supporting supports of the main bridge. Cable support allow the structure of bridgeua to be lower weight because the structure itselfThey do not have to support the entire bridge and all live loads.
The weather can create significant structures and can be the main design in parts of the world where the winds are strong or snowfall are difficult. The wind speed increases with a height above the ground, which in areas susceptible to hurricane can create a significant load against the external and internal structure of the building. The heavy rain, which often occurs during tropical storms, can add even greater loads that must absorb the building. Since the beginning of the 20th century, many governments have had the requirements for construction burden for the hurricane areas and have been revised from time to time because testing and exploring storm damage leads to a better understanding of wind stress.