What Is an Air Condenser?

A condenser is a component of a refrigeration system and belongs to a type of heat exchanger. It can convert gas or vapor into a liquid, and quickly transfer the heat in the pipe to the air near the pipe. The working process of the condenser is an exothermic process, so the condenser temperature is relatively high.

The components of a refrigeration system, which is a type of heat exchanger, can convert gas or vapor into a liquid, and quickly transfer the heat in the tube to the air near the tube. The working process of the condenser is an exothermic process, so the condenser temperature is relatively high.

The power plant uses many condensers to condense the steam from the turbine. Condensers are used in refrigeration plants to condense refrigeration vapors such as ammonia and freon. In the petrochemical industry, condensers are used to condense hydrocarbons and other chemical vapors. During the distillation process, the device that converts the vapor into a liquid is also called a condenser. All condensers operate by taking away the heat of gas or vapor ^[1]

Gas passes through a long tube (usually coiled into a solenoid) to allow heat to be dissipated into the surrounding air. Metals such as copper have strong thermal conductivity and are often used to transport steam. In order to improve the efficiency of the condenser, a heat sink with excellent heat conduction performance is often added to the pipe, and the heat dissipation area is enlarged to accelerate the heat dissipation, and the air convection is accelerated by the fan to remove the heat.

general

In the refrigeration system, the evaporator, condenser, compressor, and throttle are the four essential parts of the refrigeration system. Among them, the evaporator is a device that transmits cold energy. The refrigerant absorbs the heat of the object to be cooled to achieve cooling. The compressor is

Refrigeration

CF2Cl2

Freon 12 (CF2Cl2) code R12 Freon 12 is a colorless, odorless, transparent, almost non-toxic refrigerant, but when the air content exceeds 80%, it can cause suffocation. Freon 12 will not burn or explode. When it comes into contact with open flames or the temperature reaches 400 ° C or higher, it can decompose harmful to human body.

Steam condenser

Steam condenser This type of condensation is often used in the condensation of the secondary steam of the multi-effect evaporator to ensure the final effect of the evaporator.

Flammable components

mainly

The oxygen production area should be in the upwind direction all year round, more than 300m away from the acetylene generation station, away from harmful gas sources, and strengthen the air quality control of raw materials. Once the pollution is serious, corresponding measures should be taken.

The main factors of accumulation are as follows:

a. Give full play to the role of the liquid-air-liquid oxygen adsorber in removing hydrocarbons such as acetylene, strictly switch the adsorber on schedule and control the heating regeneration temperature to improve the adsorption efficiency.

b. Discharge 1% of product liquid oxygen from the main cooling to remove hydrocarbons.

c. Periodically warm the air separation to remove the carbon dioxide and hydrocarbon impurities remaining in the heat exchanger and rectification column.

d. The liquid oxygen pump has been put into operation for a long time. If it adopts molecular sieve adsorption, the adsorption effect of nitrous oxide is not good. A layer of 5A molecular sieve can be added in the molecular sieve adsorber.

This work should be normalized, institutionalized, and carried out regularly. If the environment deteriorates, effective measures must be taken at any time to control harmful substances within the standard. Acetylene is 0.5, methane 120, total carbon 155, carbon dioxide 4, and nitrous oxide 100 ( Order of magnitude 10-6).

High liquid level, large circulation ratio, carbon dioxide and hydrocarbon compounds are not easy to accumulate and concentrate. The WISCO gas plant adopts full immersion operation. After years of safe operation, all process parameters are the same as before immersion, and there is still sufficient separation space, and the heat exchange area also meets the requirements. The oxygen taken out has no gas-liquid entrainment, so the main cooling The full immersion operation is beneficial and harmless.

Temporary shutdown and restart will inevitably lead to low level operation for a certain period of time. At this stage, local concentration of hydrocarbons is prone to occur. At the same time, when the plate heat exchanger is restarted, the working conditions of the plate heat exchanger are abnormal for a period of time, and the self-cleaning effect is not good. , Cause carbon dioxide blockage, coupled with the impact of airflow, it is possible to have a micro explosion in the main cooling, so the number of temporary stops should be minimized, or full drainage should be avoided, and the main cooling should be separately heated. Warm up.

When operating for 2 years or more, the rectification tower and the liquid oxygen circulation system should be cleaned and degreased. The main cooling unit should be soaked for 8 hours. After cleaning, it should be thoroughly blown out with sufficient pressure air, and then fully heated and dried.

1. Check the compressor belt frequently. If there is a squeaking noise when starting the air conditioner, it means that the belt is slippery, and the belt and pulley should be replaced in time; if the belt is too loose, it will affect the cooling of the air conditioner.

2. The condenser is often cleaned, and some owners often use a water pipe to flush the condenser in the summer when using the air conditioner. This method is good, and can prevent dust and mud from affecting the heat dissipation.

3 The filter of the air conditioner should be replaced once a year. The filter is often stained with various dust and impurities, which not only affects the wind, but may also produce odors.

4 The car should be used for more than two years to clean the evaporation box. The evaporation box is located under the wiper. Every time the air conditioner is turned on, the dust bacteria are easily contaminated on the evaporation box. Therefore, it is best to use a foaming agent with a cleaning function.

The unit resistance of liquid oxygen is large, and it is easy to generate static electricity. It can generate thousands of volts of static voltage when it is not grounded. Therefore, the air separation device should be regularly grounded.

If the oil is brought into the air separation unit, it will pollute the adsorbent and affect the adsorption of acetylene. Therefore, the Roots blower that is easy to carry oil in the air should be eliminated, and the inspection and maintenance of the expander should be strengthened.

The residual acetylene in calcium carbide slag has great pollution to the air, especially in rainy days. It should be strictly managed, and it is best to bury it far underground.

In operation, we must be careful about the removal of harmful impurities, such as temperature control of plate heat exchangers, stability control of main cooling, and monitoring of harmful substances. In terms of maintenance, the monitoring instruments and meters should be regularly calibrated to ensure the accuracy of the test results; care should be taken when out-of-cycle operation is carried out, and the heating and blowout should be stopped in time. In terms of management, it is necessary to strictly abide by process discipline, strengthen equipment management, eliminate illegal operations, maintain equipment intact rate, and strictly implement the "four do not let go".

Regular and irregular training every year to enhance the awareness of explosion protection and improve the operation skills.

Because most cooling water contains calcium, magnesium ions and acid carbonates. When cooling water flows over the metal surface, carbonates are formed. In addition, the oxygen dissolved in the cooling water can cause metal corrosion and rust formation. Due to the generation of rust, the heat exchange effect of the condenser is reduced. In severe cases, cooling water has to be sprayed on the outside of the casing. When the scale is severe, the pipes will be blocked, making the heat exchange effect ineffective. The research data show that scale deposits have a great impact on the loss of heat transfer, and energy costs increase as the deposits increase. Even a thin layer of scale will increase the running cost of the scaled part of the equipment by more than 40%. Keeping mineral deposits in the cooling channel can improve efficiency, save energy, extend equipment life, and save production time and costs.

For a long time, traditional cleaning methods such as mechanical methods (scraping, brushing), high-pressure water, and chemical cleaning (pickling) have caused many problems when cleaning the equipment: the deposits such as scale cannot be completely removed, and acid liquid causes corrosion to the equipment to form holes The residual acid causes secondary corrosion or sub-scale corrosion of the material, which eventually leads to the replacement of the equipment. In addition, the cleaning waste liquid is toxic and requires a large amount of funds for wastewater treatment.

In response to the above situation, domestic and foreign efforts have been made to develop cleaners that are less corrosive to metals, and the currently successful research and development by Fu Shi Tai Ke cleaning agents. It has the characteristics of high efficiency, environmental protection, safety, and non-corrosion. It not only has a good cleaning effect, but also has no corrosion to the equipment, and can ensure the long-term use of the condenser. Fustek cleaning agent (specific addition of wetting agent and penetrant) can effectively remove the most stubborn scale (calcium carbonate), rust, oil scale, slime and other deposits generated in water equipment, and will not cause human body Injury will not cause corrosion, pitting, oxidation and other harmful reactions to steel, copper, nickel, titanium, rubber, plastic, fiber, glass, ceramic and other materials, which can greatly extend the service life of the equipment.

The material of the condenser is generally carbon steel, stainless steel and copper. Among them, when the carbon steel tube sheet is used as a cooler, the welds between the tube sheet and the tube are often corroded and leaked. The leakage will enter the cooling water system. Causes pollution to the environment and waste of materials.

When the condenser is manufactured, the welding of the tube sheet and the tube is generally performed by manual arc welding. There are different degrees of defects in the shape of the weld, such as depressions, pores, and slag inclusions. When in use, the tube sheet part is in contact with industrial cooling water, and impurities, salts, gases, and microorganisms in the industrial cooling water will cause corrosion to the tube sheet and the weld. Research shows that industrial water, whether fresh or seawater, has a variety of

Polymer material as protective coating for condenser

Ions and dissolved oxygen, in which the concentration of chloride ions and oxygen change, play an important role in the shape of metal corrosion. In addition, the complexity of the metal structure also affects the corrosion morphology. Therefore, the corrosion of the weld between the tube sheet and the tube is mainly pitting and crevice corrosion. Viewed from the outside, there will be many corrosion products and deposits on the surface of the tube sheet, with bubbles of varying sizes distributed. When seawater is used as a medium, galvanic corrosion will also occur. Bimetal corrosion is also a common phenomenon in tube sheet corrosion.

Aiming at the problem of anticorrosion of condensers, western countries mostly adopt the method of polymer composite materials for protection. Among them, the most widely used are technical products. It has excellent adhesion properties, resistance to temperature and chemical corrosion, can be used safely in a closed environment without shrinking, especially good isolation of bimetal corrosion and erosion resistance, which fundamentally eliminates the corrosion of the repair site Leaks provide a long-lasting protective coating for the condenser.