What Is an Electric Arc Furnace?

Electric arc furnace An electric furnace that uses the high temperature of an electrode arc to melt ore and metals. When the gas discharge forms an arc, the energy is very concentrated, and the temperature in the arc region is above 3000 ° C. For smelting metals, the electric arc furnace is more flexible than other steelmaking furnaces, and can effectively remove impurities such as sulfur and phosphorus. The furnace temperature is easy to control and the equipment covers a small area. It is suitable for smelting high-quality alloy steel.

Industrial furnaces that produce electric arc heating through metal or non-metal electrodes are called electric arc furnaces. Electric arc furnaces can be classified into three-phase electric arc furnaces, consumable electric arc furnaces, single-phase electric arc furnaces and resistance electric arc furnaces according to the form of electric arc. The furnace body of the electric arc steelmaking furnace is composed of a furnace cover, a furnace door, a tapping groove and a furnace body. The furnace bottom and the furnace wall are made of alkaline refractory material or

From 1888 to 1892, French HT (Holault) developed an alternative energy source for coal using the high temperature of the electric arc of the electrodes, and invented an industrial electric arc furnace for direct smelting. Initially EAF was only used for

There are several classification methods for electric arc furnaces.

Divided according to the melting form of the electrode

(1) Non-consumable electrode arc furnace, it is used

Electric arc steelmaking furnaces use electric energy as their main energy source. Electric energy draws arcs through the discharge of graphite electrodes and charge materials, generating high temperatures of up to 2000 ~ 6000 ° C, and melting scrap raw materials by means of arc radiation, temperature convection and heat conduction. For most of the time when the charge is melting, the high-temperature heat source is surrounded by the charge, which is caused by the high-temperature exhaust gas.

The raw materials of the electric arc steelmaking furnace are mainly solid scrap steel with alloying materials, pig iron for adjusting carbon content, etc. You can also use direct reduced iron or a part of hot molten iron. The raw material selection range is wide; therefore, except for some ultra-low carbon Except for the varieties of steel, or the varieties and special alloy materials that must adopt special methods such as vacuum processing, most of the steel types can be almost smelted.