What Is Shaft Mining?

Shafts, well-shaped pipes with upright walls, called shafts, are actually a type of collapsed funnel. It is square, long or irregular in shape on the plane outline. Long strips develop along a set of joints, and square or round shapes develop along two sets of joints. The wall of the well is steep and almost upright, and sometimes the surface of the underground river can be seen from the shaft.

A vertical shaft is a well-shaped pipe with a vertical wall, which is actually a collapse funnel. It is square, long or irregular in shape on the plane outline. The wall of the well is steep and almost upright. Shafts are widely used in water ingestion, diversion, ventilation, slagging, and gas supply in water conservancy and hydropower projects. Shaft construction has the characteristics of small floor area and less interference to surrounding construction. However, the construction space of the shaft is small, the construction period is long, there are many ascending and side-line operations, and the traffic is inconvenient, which leads to prominent safety risks in the shaft construction. Shafts can be classified according to their diameter, section shape, and depth. ^[1]

The vertical shaft is a channel for conveying underground sediment or silt when excavating or clearing the underdrain of Kan'er well, and it is also a ventilation vent. Well depth due to topography and groundwater level

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Shaft development refers to the use of shaft development methods to develop roadways. When the inclination of the ore body is greater than 45 ° or less than 15 °, and the burial is deep, it is often exploited by vertical shafts. Due to its large lifting capacity, it is often used in large and medium-sized mines. Shaft development method is widely used in mining. ^[3]

Combining the shape parameters of the shaft, the construction environment and geology, reasonable selection of the construction method and effective curing of the construction process can further improve the safety of shaft construction. ^[1]

Key points for safety management and control of shaft construction methods

Combined with section size, well depth, geological conditions, construction period, and quality requirements, vertical shaft excavation and support are usually selected in the positive shaft method and the reverse shaft method. There are also large vertical shafts with complex geological conditions (such as the upper section of the left shaft of the underground power station of the Xiluodu Hydropower Station). A comprehensive application of the forward and reverse well methods. Among them, the positive well method is further divided into a full-section positive well excavation and an artificial well expansion and slag positive well method after reverse well drilling to form a well.

Key points for safety management of shaft construction process

The construction process of shaft excavation and support is "wellhead reinforcement and protection excavation and support of shaft wellhead section installation and acceptance of shaft hoisting system (adjacent to the well wall ladder) installation and acceptance excavation and support of the middle and lower parts of the shaft, if necessary, increase ventilation and cut Drainage facilities Excavation and support of the shaft penetration section (to ensure the thickness of the penetration section and the support platform of the penetration section are reliable) .