How Do I Treat a Split Toenail?

Etiology: First, the primary hypothyroidism is caused by the disease of the thyroid itself, and the serum TSH of patients is increased. Mainly seen in:

Nails are thick and brittle

Thick and brittle nails are clinical manifestations of hypothyroidism. Primary hypothyroidism is caused by the disease of the thyroid itself, and the serum TSH of patients is increased. Secondary hypothyroidism is a reduction in serum TSH in patients.

Symptom name

Nails are thick and brittle

Department

Limbs

Etiology: First, the primary hypothyroidism is caused by the disease of the thyroid itself, and the serum TSH of patients is increased. Mainly seen in:

congenital thyroid deficiency;

thyroid atrophy;

diffuse lymphocytic thyroiditis;

Subacute thyroiditis;

After thyroid destructive treatment (radioactive iodine, surgery), the only side effect of radioactive iodine 131 nuclide treatment of hyperthyroidism is hypothyroidism and hypothyroidism (mainly permanent hypothyroidism and hypothyroidism).

disorders of thyroid hormone synthesis (congenital enzyme deficiency, iodine deficiency or iodine excess);

drug inhibition;

invasive lesions (lymphocytic cancer, amyloidosis, etc.).

Second, the serum TSH of patients with secondary hypothyroidism decreased. It is mainly seen in pituitary disease, pituitary tumor, and solitary TSH deficiency; hypothalamic syndrome, hypothalamic tumor, solitary TRH deficiency, inflammation or postpartum pituitary ischemic necrosis.

3. Peripheral hypothyroidism is seen. It is a family inherited disease. The function of uptake of hormones in peripheral target tissues is good, but the dysfunction or lack of receptors in the nucleus, so the physiological effect on thyroid hormones is weakened.

Fourth, thyroid stimulating hormone or thyroid hormone insensitivity syndrome is a hypothyroidism caused by the thyroid resistance to TSH. ^[1]

I. Adult hypothyroidism is more common in middle-aged women, with a male to female ratio of 1: 5. The onset is hidden and the condition develops slowly. Afraid of coldness, lack of speech, weak expression, thick lips, large tongue, dry and cold skin, sparse eyebrows and 1/3 shedding. Memory loss and mental retardation. Sinus bradycardia. Anorexia, bloating, and constipation. Loss of libido, impotence in male patients, and galactorrhea in female patients. Typical symptoms are as follows:

Nails are thick and brittle (1) Generally, they are afraid of cold, dry skin and less sweat, thick, yellowing, cold hair, thinning and dry hair, brittle nails, cracks, fatigue, lethargy, poor memory, mental retardation, reaction Slow, mild anemia. Gain weight.

Differential diagnosis: It should be differentiated from renal edema, anemia, and congestive heart failure. According to rT3 and the patient's primary disease manifestation, and to distinguish from low T3 syndrome, hypothyroidism and galactorrhea should be distinguished from prolactinoma.

1. Renal edema: The pathological process in which excessive fluid accumulates in the tissue space or body cavity is called edema. Edema can be divided into renal edema, hepatic edema, cardiac edema, malnutrition edema, and lymphedema according to the cause of the disease.

2. Congestive heart failure: It means that the heart can't beat the blood supply commensurate with the venous return and metabolism of body tissues. Often caused by various diseases, the ability of the myocardial contraction to weaken, thereby reducing the blood output of the heart, is not enough to meet the needs of the body, and thus produce a series of symptoms and signs.

1. The diet is based on multivitamins, high protein, and high calories. Do not eat cold food.

2. Patients should combine movement and static for proper exercise. Develop a habit of bowel movements every day. Keep warm and avoid cold. Diet should strengthen nutrition, but avoid eating cold products.

3. If complicated with severe acute infection, severe psychiatric symptoms, pleural, ascites and pericardial effusion, refractory angina pectoris, heart failure, myxedema coma, they should be sent to hospital for treatment immediately.

(1) Supplement appropriate amount of iodine, and avoid using goiter.

1) Supplement of iodized salt: Domestically, the concentration of 1 g of potassium iodide per 2 to 10 kg of salt is used to prevent goiter, which significantly reduces the incidence, and is suitable for endemic goiter areas. In addition, pay attention to the iodized salt supplementation of fertile women to prevent offspring from developing cretinism due to maternal iodine deficiency.

2) Avoid using raw goiter substances: Avoid eating cabbage, cabbage, rape, cassava, walnuts, etc., so as to avoid application of goiter.

(2) Supply sufficient amount of protein: Each person's daily protein weight exceeds 20G in order to maintain the body's protein balance. The amino acid is the basic component of protein, and about 3% of the protein is continuously renewed daily. The rate of small intestinal mucosa renewal decreases during hypothyroidism Slow, digestive juice secretion glands are affected, enzyme activity declines, and albumin generally declines. Therefore, essential amino acids should be added to provide sufficient protein to improve the condition.

(3) Limit fat and cholesterol-rich diets: Patients with hypothyroidism often have hyperlipidemia, which is more pronounced in primary hypothyroidism, so fat diets should be limited. Daily fat supply accounts for about 20% of total calories and limits cholesterol-rich diets.

(4) Correct anemia and supply rich vitamins: Those with anemia should supplement a diet rich in iron and vitamin B12, such as animal liver, and if necessary, supply folic acid and liver preparations.

(5) Diet allocation:

1) Food choice: For hypothyroidism caused by iodine deficiency, appropriate amount of kelp and seaweed should be used. Iodine salt, iodine soy sauce, iodine eggs and bread can be added. When cooking, pay attention to iodized salt wood should be put in boiling oil, so as not to reduce iodine concentration and reduce iodine concentration. For protein supplementation, eggs, milk, various meats, and fish can be selected; plant proteins can be complementary, such as various soy products and soy beans. Supplying animal livers can correct anemia, but also to ensure that a variety of vegetables and fresh fruits are supplied.

2) Avoid food: Avoid all kinds of goiter, such as cabbage, cabbage, rape, cassava, walnut, etc .; avoid foods rich in cholesterol, such as cream, animal brain and internal organs. Limit high-fat foods, such as cooking oil, peanuts, walnut kernels, almonds, sesame sauce, ham, pork belly, and cottage cheese.