What Are Anthelmintics?
Insect repellent, any medicine that can kill or expel intestinal parasites is called an insect repellent. This class of drugs is mainly used for diseases caused by intestinal parasites (roundworms, roundworms, hookworms, roundworms, etc.). Patients often have abdominal pain, bloating, anorexia or hunger, polyphagia, weight loss and so on. Drugs can be selected based on the type of parasite. Taking anthelmintic medicine can paralyze or kill the worm body, make the worm out of the body, and can be cured completely. For patients with physical deficiencies, they should be supplemented first and then attacked, or both. The deworming is generally taken on an empty stomach in order to make the drug easier to contact with the insect body and better exert the deworming effect. Often compatible with diarrhea medicine, promote insect discharge. Some anthelmintics are more toxic and should be used with caution in pregnant women. Commonly used insect repellents include bitter skin, sage, betel nut, pumpkin seeds and thunder pills.
- Chinese name
- Insect repellent
- Often used
- Bitter skin
- Meaning
- Kill intestinal parasites
- Features
- Ethanol extracts against Ascaris suum in vitro
- Insect repellent, any medicine that can kill or expel intestinal parasites is called an insect repellent. This class of drugs is mainly used for diseases caused by intestinal parasites (roundworms, roundworms, hookworms, roundworms, etc.). Patients often have abdominal pain, bloating, anorexia or hunger, polyphagia, weight loss and so on. Drugs can be selected based on the type of parasite. Taking anthelmintic medicine can paralyze or kill the worm body, make the worm out of the body, and can be cured completely. For patients with physical deficiencies, they should be supplemented first and then attacked, or both. The deworming is generally taken on an empty stomach in order to make the drug easier to contact with the insect body and better exert the deworming effect. Often compatible with diarrhea medicine, promote insect discharge. Some anthelmintics are more toxic and should be used with caution in pregnant women. Commonly used insect repellents include bitter skin, sage, betel nut, pumpkin seeds and thunder pills.
Insect repellent
Insect repellent
- Ethanol extracts of Melia sclerophylla have paralytic effect on Ascaris suum, especially Ascaris suum, and its effective ingredient, ligustrin, is stronger than that of Melia sclerophylla extract. The effects of ligustrazine of different concentrations on Ascaris suum showed mild, moderate to complete inhibition with increasing concentrations, and then gradually resumed activity. For the overall swine tapeworm, chuanxiong exhibits paralysis at high concentration, and the low concentration has obvious excitatory effect on swine tapeworm, and it shows severe contraction, which can disturb the energy metabolism of the worm body, prevent the worm body from attaching to the intestinal wall and excreted from the body. The main site of action of ligustrazine is the head nerve ring of roundworm. After oral administration of ligustrazine to monkeys, the drug is absorbed and distributed quickly in the body, widely distributed, and slowly eliminated. The concentration of drug in the tissues is highest in the bile, liver and duodenum, followed by the spleen and kidney. Evenly distributed, but low concentration. Multiple repeated administrations are cumulative. So that the gentleman decoction, ethanol extract can inhibit Ascaris suum. The water-soluble portion of Junziren extract has a paralytic effect on Ascaris suum. The deworming effect of the gentleman is not related to the removal of sugar, ash, and potassium oxalate by the extract. The effective ingredient is the gentleman potassium, which has a high deworming effect. The high concentration of gentlemen stimulates parasites first and then paralyzes. This kind of excitement is also one of the reasons for the deworming effect.
Insect repellent
- Arecoline is an active ingredient in betel nut driving tapeworms, which has a strong paralysis effect on all parts of pork tapeworms, while the effect on beef tapeworms only paralyzes the head and immature segments, and the pregnant egg segments (middle and posterior segment) It is also affected and weakened, but is not fully paralyzed, and the effect is poor. Areca nut has a strong paralytic effect on hookworm, hookworm and short roundworm. Pumpkin seed decoction and its extract make the middle and posterior segments of beef tapeworm thin and wide, the middle of the segment is depressed, and it is paralyzed. The head and immature segments can move freely. Treating dogs with roundworms with L-perchlorate cucurbitine and synthetic dl-hydrobromide cucurbitine can repel worms. It has paralytic effect on the immature segments and mature segments of the head worms and pea-shaped roundworms, so the whole roundworms are usually discharged. Cucurbitin is effective in treating roundworms in cats, and is also effective in ascariasis in mice. Thunder pills can also drive roundworms. The "Compendium of Materia Medica" records that Lei Wan "kills three insects". The main active ingredient is Rabinol, which is a protease with a content of about 3%. It has the function of degrading proteins in a weakly alkaline solvent (pH 8). In vitro experiments have shown that Lei Wan water extract can kill Ascaris lumbricoides, and its role is due to protease decomposition of the worm body protein, destroying the worm body, and it is not necessary to find the worm pieces in the enlarged stool. And be affirmed.
Insect repellent
- The gentleman powder has no effect on repellent adult roundworms in mice, but it has significant repellent effect on mature females and females whose uterus is full of eggs. Betel nut powders and decoctions have a paralytic effect on Ascaris lumbricoides in mice and can expel adult worms, but the effect is not as good as that on human Ascaris. Betel nut powders also have a slight effect on Ascaris lumbricoides.
Hookworm
- The in vitro experiment of Melia officinalis Root Bark Decoction on H. canis can kill all at high concentrations. The betel nut decoction can also kill hookworms, some female worms rupture the tail, the uterus is exposed, and the worm body curls.
Whipworm
- Betel nut decoction and mixture (betel nut, ume, licorice) can drive whipworm and ginger worm.
Schistosomiasis
- Pumpkin seeds were given on the day when the mice were infected with schistosomiasis, and 28 days was a course of treatment. The preventive effect was the best. The number of insects was significantly reduced, which had no effect on the adult schistosomiasis. Pumpkin seed acetone extract and cucurbitine can inhibit the growth and development of larvae, and have a preventive effect, but they cannot kill adult schistosomiasis in mice. They can only shrink amphoteric bodies, degenerate the reproductive organs and worm eggs in the womb. cut back. When cucurbitine and tartarite are combined to treat schistosomiasis in mice, two drugs are administered at the same time or the first effect of tartarine and then cucurbitine is the best. Poor effect. After mice took orally cucurbitine, hepatic cells showed slight atrophy or a small amount of fat infiltration in the liver, and returned to normal after stopping the drug.
Deworming effect type
Deworming treatment
- Ligustrazine is administered by different routes of administration, and has a therapeutic effect on botulinum toxin-poisoned animals. For mice with a lethal dose of botulinum, it is treated within six hours after challenge, and its survival rate is up to More than 80%; treatment of botulinum poisoning monkeys 24 hours after challenge can cure more than half; it also has a protective effect on type C botulism, combined with anti-virus serum can significantly reduce the amount of anti-virus serum. Botulinum poisoning mice have a significant counteracting effect on the reduction of synaptic vesicles in the diaphragmatic neuromuscular junction caused by ligustrazine. Experiments have shown that the density of synaptic vesicles in the synaptic area of neuromuscular junctions in normal mice is 184 ± 37m2 / after synaptic administration of ligustrazine alone. The average densities of mice given ligustrin after the toxin were 137 ± 18 / m2 and 130 ± 26 / m2, respectively, which has certain significance for further exploring the mechanism of action of ligustrin and botulinum toxin.
Insect repellent antifungal
- Fructus Aurantii, the gentleman's, betel nut water extract have an inhibitory effect on certain skin fungi in a test tube.
Dewormer excites gallbladder
- Betel nut injection can obviously stimulate gallbladder muscles in guinea pigs or cats and dogs' gallbladder in vitro, causing strong contraction and increasing the excretion of gallbladder contents. No significant effect on bile secretion. Rhubarb injection can promote bile secretion. If the two are applied intermittently, it can increase the pressure of the common bile duct in a short time for dogs or cats, accelerate the excretion of bile, and facilitate the excretion of common bile duct stones. Areca nut has a certain contraction effect on the human gallbladder, which is weaker than that of dogs. It is clinically compatible with other traditional Chinese medicines and can promote the excretion of biliary maggots or stones. Areca nut has a pseudocholine effect, which is similar to that of pilocarpine and muscarin. It excites M choline receptors and has a pseudocholine effect on the central nervous system. Cats given a small amount of arecoline can cause cortex. Awake response, atropine can reduce or block this effect. Arecoline also excites N choline receptors.
Anthelmintic toxicity
- Melia officinalis decoction can cause vomiting in dogs at 15 g / kg, and the lethal dose to rabbits is more than 40 g / kg. The animal's tolerance can be caused by nutritional status and physical fitness, etc.
- Several insect repellents (5 photos)
- The toxic dose of ligustrazine can cause symptoms such as general weakness (soft paralysis, drooping head, drooping eyelids), dyspnea, and limb twitching in rats, pigs, dogs, and monkeys.
- Experiments have shown that ligustrazine is a neuromuscular transmission blocker that selectively acts on the presynaptic membrane. It can block normal transmission between nerve and muscle in rats and mice, which is the direct cause of muscle weakness in monkeys and other animals. Electron microscopy observations showed that ligustrazine significantly changed the submicroscopic structure of the presynaptic membrane of mouse and rat neuromuscular junctions.
- Subcutaneous injection of mice made the gentleman's water extract the minimum lethal amount of 20g / kg, causing mild spasm of the whole body, and then breathing stopped. The gentleman gave the dog oral 26.6g / kg, which could cause canine vomiting and denudation. Arecoline can enhance gastrointestinal motility and diarrhea in the owner. Gastrointestinal spasm, severe abdominal pain, nausea and vomiting often occur.
Symptoms of anthelmintics
- The clinical application of anthelmintics is mainly used in the following aspects.
Ascariasis
- In 524 and 4,616 cases of tsutsugamushi treated with ligustrin, the average worming rates were 74.31 and 80%, respectively. 1348 cases of Ascaris lumbricoides were treated with bitter root bark syrup, and it is believed that the rate of deworming is high, the usage is simple, there are no contraindications, and it can be widely used. Potassium gentisate can repel human tapeworms significantly. It also has a high anthelmintic effect when a large dose of laxative is not taken. Fresh and roasted gentian kernels have similar effects. The leaves of the gentleman also contain potassium gentlemanate, and the leaf-based preparation has been clinically verified in more than 1,000 cases. It also has a deworming effect with little side effects. The combined application of Gentleman and Hundred Buds has a better effect on human tapeworm, and the use of Gentleman and Hundred Buds alone to treat roundworm is also effective.
Ascariasis
- Areca nut has better effect on pork tapeworm. It has a poor effect on beef roundworms. It must be used in combination with pumpkin seeds to make the whole paralysis easy to discharge. The combined decoction of betel nut, pumpkin seeds and pomegranate skin for ascariasis can paralyze or kill the ascaris muscles, making it unable to fix to the intestinal wall and being excreted. Pumpkin seeds combined with betel nut, black ugly or white ugly powder (betel ugly powder) can be used to treat tsutsugamushi disease.
Dewormer hookworm
- Betel nut decoction for the treatment of duodenal hookworm disease, the effect on hookworm is related to the dose and the number of stools, and those who take more laxative stools have better results.
Whipworm
- Betel nut decoction was used to treat patients with whipworm disease, and the symptoms disappeared. No eggs were found after one month. Betel nut, capsicum and fenzhining are used together to treat ginger worm disease and hookworm disease with satisfactory results.
Insect repellent medicine
Insect repellent pumpkin seeds
- Latin: Semen Moschatae
- Characteristics of medicinal materials: Seeds are oblate, 1.2 ~ 1.8cm in length and 0.7 ~ 1cm in width. The surface is pale yellowish white to pale yellow, and the two sides are flat and slightly bulged, the edges are slightly edged, the ends are slightly pointed, and there are beads, and the umbilicus is slightly protruding or inconspicuous. Remove the seed coat, endosperm film-like, 2 cotyledons, yellow, thick, oily. Slightly fragrant and slightly sweet.
Anthelminth
- Latin: Radix Agrimoniae Pilodae
- Properties of medicinal materials: Dry rhizomes are conical or conical cylindrical, yellow-white, often curved, and about 1 to 3 cm long. The outer bread is covered with several lanceolate yellow-white membranes; the membranous scale leaves have several longitudinal veins, and the base is brown. Crispy and fragile. Slightly beany, slightly sweet and bitter.
Insect repellent
- Latin: Semen Torreyae
- Characteristics of medicinal materials: This product is oval or oblong, 2 3.5cm long and 1.3 2cm in diameter. The surface is gray-yellow or light yellow-brown, with longitudinal wrinkles, obtuse at one end, oval umbilicus can be seen, and the other is slightly pointed. Seed cortex is hard, about 1mm thick. The surface of the seed kernel is shrunk, the endosperm is gray-brown, and the membrane is endosperm. Slightly sweet, slightly sweet and astringent.
Insect repellent
- Latin: Flos Genkwa
- Properties of medicinal materials: square, brownish-yellow on the surface, with many small holes. Body is light and crisp. The section is yellow and black, and it is easy to peel off in scales. The gas is particularly stinky and slightly sour.
Insect repellent crane lice
- Latin: Fructus Carpesii
- Medicinal material properties: This product is cylindrical, small, 4 ~ 4mm long, less than 1mm in diameter. The surface is yellow-brown or dark brown, with most longitudinal edges. The apex shrinks into a thin shape, and the apex expands into a white ring; the base is slightly pointed and has traces. The peel is thin, fibrous, the seed coat is thin and transparent, the cotyledons are white, slightly oily. Specific gas, slightly bitter taste.
Insect repellent Ray pills
- Latin: Omphalia
- Properties of medicinal materials: This product is quasi-spherical or irregular, with a diameter of 1 ~ 3cm. The surface is dark brown or taupe, with slightly raised reticular fine lines. Solid, not easy to crack, uneven in section, white or light grayish yellow, powdery or granular, often with yellow-brown marble-like texture. It is odorless, slightly bitter, has a granular feel when chewed, is slightly sticky, and has no residue after chewing for a long time.
Insect repellent other
- Crane grass buds (8 photos)
- Betel nut
- Latin: Semen Arecae
- Medicinal material properties: This product is oblate or conical, 1.5 ~ 3.5cm high, 1.5 ~ 3cm in diameter at the bottom. The surface is light yellow-brown or light red-brown, with a slightly concave reticular groove pattern. The center of the bottom has a round hollow bead hole, and there is an obvious scar-like seed umbilicus beside it. The texture is hard and not easy to break. The marble-like pattern of brown seed coat and white endosperm can be seen in the cross section. Qi is weak, astringent and slightly bitter.
- Bitter skin
- Latin: Cortex Meliae
- Medicinal material properties: This product is irregular plate-like, trough-like or semi-rolled, with different lengths and widths, and thickness of 2-6mm. The outer surface is gray-brown or gray-brown, rough, with intertwined vertical wrinkles and punctate gray-brown skin pores, except for rough skin, which is pale yellow.
- Sorrow skin (3 photos)
- Make gentleman
- Latin: Fructus Quisqualis
- Medicinal material properties: This product is oval or oval, with 5 longitudinal edges, occasionally 4 to 9 edges, 2.5 to 4 cm in length, and about 2 cm in diameter. The surface is dark brown to purple black, smooth and slightly shiny. The apex is narrow and pointed, and the base is obtusely rounded, with obvious rounded fruit stalk marks. It is hard, with pentagrams in the cross section, thick shells at the corners, and a circular cavity in the middle. Seeds are oblong or spindle-shaped, about 2 cm long and about 1 cm in diameter; the surface is brown or dark brown with most vertical wrinkles; the seed coat is thin and easily peeled; cotyledons 2, yellow-white, oily, and cracked on the cross section. Slightly sweet and slightly sweet.
Deworming matters needing attention
- Insect repellent should generally be taken on an empty stomach in the early morning to make the drug fully contact the insect body to enhance the repellent power. When the worm builds up severe abdominal pain, it should be mainly based on anthracite analgesia. After the abdominal pain is relieved, deworming should be performed. Some anthelmintic drugs are toxic. When strictly used, the disease will stop, so as not to damage the righteousness or excessive poisoning. Pregnant women and the elderly should be used with caution. Some deworming drugs such as thunder pills are insoluble in water and are not resistant to high temperatures. They should only be taken in pills or powders.