What Are the Different Types of Plastic Splints?

Use a band or bandage to fix wooden, bamboo, hard paper or plastic splint on the fractured limb to help the fractured end heal under relatively static conditions, and at the same time cooperate with stepwise functional exercises to promote A treatment for fracture healing and restoration of limb function. Also known as pinch therapy.

Splint fixation

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Use a band or bandage to fix wooden, bamboo, hard paper, or plastic splint on the fractured limb, so that the fractured end is relatively static.

The splint fixation method originated in the 4th century AD. "Ge's Formula" already contains the bamboo slip fixation method. Sui Dynasty's Chaoyuan Formula "Essays on the Origin of Diseases" emphasizes treatment.

Mainly splint, pressure pad and cable tie. 1. Plywood. Requires three properties: plasticity, certain fastness and elasticity. Its materials are willow, fir bark, bamboo, plastic board, plywood, horse dung paper, industrial hard paper, etc. But for femoral parts, it needs to be double fixed with other splints. The size and length of the splint depends on the location of the fracture, and can be divided into two types: super-articular and super-articular splint. The length of the non-ultra-articular splint is determined not to exceed the upper and lower joints of the fracture. The super-articular splint is used for fractures near or in the joint, exceeding the joint. The width of the splint can be divided into roughly equal four pieces or two pieces with two widths and two narrow widths according to the shape of the limbs. There is a gap of 0.5 to 1 cm between the splints when bandaging. The ends and edges of the splint should be rounded and dull. One side of wooden, bamboo or plastic boards is lined with felt and the plywood is wrapped with a cotton weave. Bark plywood, both ends should be hammered up into a brush-like soft edge, lined with cotton pads when in use. Plywood or plywood-like plywood should also be lined with cotton pads. 2. Pressure pad. It is placed in the splint to increase the local fixing force, or to supplement the shortcomings in the shaping of the splint, so that the fixing force can better act on the fixed part. It is often made of materials with soft texture, moisture absorption, breathability, maintaining a certain shape, and non-irritating to the skin, such as felt paper, cotton, felt pads, etc., folded or cut into different shapes and sizes as needed. Common types of pressure pads are flat pads, trapezoidal pads, tower pads, hollow pads, joint pads, and split pads. The area of the pressure pad should be large enough, and it is easy to form a pressure ulcer locally if it is too small. 3. Cable ties. A girdle with a width of about 1 cm is usually used. The length can be wrapped around the outside of the splint for two weeks and knotted as a degree. A bandage can also be used.

It is mainly used for closed fractures and open fractures of the extremities with small wounds or wound healing after treatment. Old fractures are also suitable for closed reduction. Lower limb long bone fractures or some unstable fractures are often fixed with splints and other external fixation methods such as traction and stents. Some joint fractures or intra-articular fractures, such as femoral neck fractures, humeral epicondylar fractures, etc., can not be fixed due to splint, other methods can be used.

Single splint fixation for diaphyseal fractures (excluding femur); Super articular splint fixation for partial proximal joint fractures and intra-articular fractures; splint fixation for femoral fractures and unstable fractures of tibia and fibula combined with bone Traction or external fixation bracket; used for super articular splint destruction of the articular surface and combined with bone traction; used for humeral shaft fracture with separated displacement and unstable humeral surgical neck adduction fracture combined with stent Wait.

Use plywood and pressure pad of appropriate size. Locally apply ointment to promote blood circulation, clearing heat and detoxify, swelling and analgesics, and dredge meridians. The application area can be larger and the surface should be flat. Wrap the bandage loosely for 4 to 5 turns, then place a pressure pad on the appropriate part, and fix it with adhesive tape. Place the splint and bind it with 4 straps. Bind the middle two first, then the far side and the near side. When binding, use both hands to tie it for two weeks and tie it. The elasticity of the cable tie is based on being able to move up and down 1 cm on the splint surface.

Another method of fixation is to put two opposing splints that play a major role in fracture fixation after placing the pressure pads, entangle them with a bandage for a few weeks, then place other splints, and wrap the bands around the splint. Maintain the position of the splints, and finally tear the bandage and tie it, or tie it with another 4 bands.

The splint fixation method can restrain the splint through a cable tie or a bandage, and enhance the squeezing effect at the pressure pad to achieve the purpose of fixing the fracture end. Re-displacement occurs after the fracture is reset. When the bone is broken and displaced, the shape of the fractured bone has a tendency to shift in the direction of displacement. The periosteal tear on the displaced side and the soft tissue on the displaced path are damaged. A series of unstable factors have formed. The bones after reduction tend to relocate through these weak links along the original displacement path. The weight of the injured distal limb and muscle pull promote relocation. After the splint is fixed, the splint itself is very light. The fixation does not include joints. The weight of the distal limbs below the articular surface is supported by foreign objects. Therefore, the impact of the weight of the injured distal limbs on the fracture re-displacement is greatly reduced. Muscle stretching is caused by muscle contraction, which can cause the unfavorable side of fracture re-displacement, or it can be squeezed longitudinally to promote close contact of the stump, which is beneficial to maintaining the position after reduction and promoting healing. After the splint is fixed, through the combined effects of cable ties, splints, and pressure pads, it can control the activities that cause the fracture end to be angled, rotated, and separated and re-displaced, while retaining the opposite squeeze to facilitate fracture healing. The former, such as three points of pressure pads on the original angled side and the opposite side, to prevent re-angled displacement, and activities consistent with the original displacement direction. The latter, for example, after a forearm fracture, through the activities of fists, fingers and other activities, the muscles consistent with the long axis of the bone contraction and relaxation, in order to longitudinally press the fracture end. And when the muscles contract, the volume of the muscles expands, which has a squeezing effect on the pressure pads and splints. The splints and pressure pads bound by the cable tie in turn act on the limbs with the same amount of force, squeezing the parts, increasing the fracture end. Stable and even correct residual displacement (correction of displacement can be reset by manual methods, and cannot be replaced by squeezing with a splint or pressure pad). Putting the injured limb in the proper position also has a lot to do with maintaining the stability of the fractured end.

Prevent fracture displacement when moving the patient. Pay attention to the extremity blood pressure when raising the affected limb. According to the swelling of the affected limb, adjust the strapping tightly. Regularly check and correct the dislocation in time, and check the X-ray twice within one week after the fixation. If the fracture is dislocated, the splint should be removed and re-fixed. Regularly review and replace the ointment. Two weeks after the fixation, if the X-ray check is good, the alignment is good, and there is fibrous adhesion in the fracture site. Guide and assist patients in functional exercises, strengthen life care, and prevent bedsores. Removing the splint can use fumigation, massage and other methods to promote the recovery of injured limbs' joint strength and joint movement. After manual reduction or traction, external fixation is performed with this method. The time of splint fixation should be after the fracture end reaches clinical healing. Three weeks after the fracture, the splint can be removed under traction according to the specific situation, and a local massage can be performed, and the joint can be fixed after moderate movement.